全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1780篇 |
免费 | 107篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 42篇 |
儿科学 | 58篇 |
妇产科学 | 25篇 |
基础医学 | 231篇 |
口腔科学 | 30篇 |
临床医学 | 153篇 |
内科学 | 283篇 |
皮肤病学 | 32篇 |
神经病学 | 285篇 |
特种医学 | 268篇 |
外科学 | 92篇 |
综合类 | 17篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 60篇 |
眼科学 | 118篇 |
药学 | 111篇 |
1篇 | |
中国医学 | 12篇 |
肿瘤学 | 74篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 19篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 28篇 |
2014年 | 28篇 |
2013年 | 48篇 |
2012年 | 62篇 |
2011年 | 90篇 |
2010年 | 70篇 |
2009年 | 50篇 |
2008年 | 72篇 |
2007年 | 76篇 |
2006年 | 78篇 |
2005年 | 64篇 |
2004年 | 52篇 |
2003年 | 61篇 |
2002年 | 57篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 35篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 46篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 45篇 |
1995年 | 50篇 |
1994年 | 43篇 |
1993年 | 46篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 48篇 |
1988年 | 33篇 |
1987年 | 40篇 |
1986年 | 52篇 |
1985年 | 35篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 30篇 |
1980年 | 24篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 17篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1957年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有1894条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Comparison of three immunoassays for diagnosing sensitization to latex in children with spina bifida
B. Niggemann T. Michael A. von Moers U. Seidel R. Wahl L Jacobsen D. Scheffer U. Wahn 《Pediatric allergy and immunology》1996,7(4):164-166
As natural rubber latex (latex) has become more widespread in our environment, physicians have become increasingly aware of the problem of possible allergic reactions. Many fatal and near-fatal incidents have been reported (mainly during surgery) (1—3) and data has been published on groups frequently exposed to latex, such as patients with spina bifida (4—9), healthcare professionals (10—12) and occupationally exposed persons (13). The incidence of latex allergy in children seems to be increasing (14). Tests are therefore needed which can reliably detect sensitization to latex. Our aim was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of three commercial immunoassays for measuring specific IgE in serum to latex. 相似文献
2.
RAFAEL BEYAR M.D. D.Sc. ARIEL ROGUIN M.D. JAAP HAMBURGER M.D. RE SAAIMAN M.D. ANTONIO L. BARTORELLI M.D. CARLO DiMARIO M.D. ANTONIO COLOMBO M.D. CHRISTIAN W. HAMM M.D. CHRISTOPHER J. WHITE M.D. J. MARCO M.D. PATRICK W. SERRUYS M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of interventional cardiology》1997,10(4):277-286
The beStent is a new stainless steel, balloon-expandable mesh stent which has a unique serpentine design. Rotation of the unique low stress junctions upon expansion leads to orthogonal locking of the wires, maximizing radial strength and assuring zero shortening. The stent has delineating gold markers which assure precise positioning. We aim to present the initial acute results in a pilot registry for stent evaluation. Two hundred eighty-four stents were used in a total of 217 patients (age 57.9 ± 3.10 years; 178 males; 39 females) in seven centers, for variable indications. Stents of 15-, 25-, and 35-mm length were used. The arteries treated were the left anterior descending (n = 112, 42%), circumflex (n = 54, 20.2%), right coronary (n = 95, 35.5%), left main (n = 1, 0.4%), and vein graft (n = 5, 1.9%). Lesion types were: A in 42 patients (16.5%); B1 in 53 patients (20.7%); B2 in 81 patients (31.8%); and C in 79 patients (31%). One hundred fifty-nine patients required one stent, 40 patients required two stents, and 18 patients required three or more stents. Anticoagulation protocol included procedural heparin with aspirin with/without ticlopidine. Smooth angiographie results were obtained in all cases with no plaque herniation. Acute angiographic success was obtained in 97% of the patients, and acute clinical success in 95% of the patients. Complications within 30 days were: 3 deaths (1.4%) (2 noncardiac); 2 (0.9%) myocardial infarctions; and 2 (0.9%) stent thromboses. Therefore, the beStent is useful in treatment of complex lesions of variable length and complexity, providing excellent acute results with a low complication rate, in spite of unfavorable basic clinical and angiographie characteristics. 相似文献
3.
4.
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease: classical or connatal? 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The clinical features and investigation results of 7 patients with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) are described; one patient had a brain biopsy and two patients had an autopsy. This paper tries to differentiate the clinical features of the connatal and classical types of PMD. Transient stridor and nystagmus were early signs in both types of PMD. Our findings support the view that the more severe connatal form shows rapid neurological deterioration from an early age leading to death usually in the first decade. In younger patients in whom the evolution is still unclear, severe feeding problems and extrapyramidal features may suggest the connatal form. By contrast, in the classical form of PMD, cerebellar signs and cognitive deterioration are more prominent with a more slowly progressive course. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and brainstem auditory evoked potentials were very helpful in supporting the diagnosis of PMD either in a known affected family or in sporadic cases, but were not useful in distinguishing between the two types of PMD. Genetic counseling in this condition is difficult, particularly in the connatal form in which inheritance may be either X-linked or autosomal recessive. 相似文献
5.
Mutations in the retinal guanylate cyclase (RETGC-1) gene in dominant cone-rod dystrophy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kelsell RE; Gregory-Evans K; Payne AM; Perrault I; Kaplan J; Yang RB; Garbers DL; Bird AC; Moore AT; Hunt DM 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(7):1179-1184
The dominant cone-rod dystrophy gene CORD6 has previously been mapped to
within an 8 cM interval on chromosome 17p12-p13. The retinal- specific
guanylate cyclase gene (RETGC-1), which maps to within this genetic
interval and previously was implicated in Leber's congenital amaurosis, was
screened for mutations within this family and in a panel of small families
and individuals with various cone and cone- rod dystrophy phenotypes. A
missense mutation (E837D) was identified in affected members of the CORD6
family, as well as a second missense mutation (R838C) in three other
families with dominant cone-rod dystrophy. RETGC-1 is only the fourth gene
to be implicated in cone-rod dystrophy and this is the first report of
dominant mutations in this gene.
相似文献
6.
Injection of soluble protein antigen into the anterior chamber of the eye
of primed mice induces anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID)
which is manifested by suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)
to the antigen. Recently, we found that ACAID induced in primed mice also
results in a rapid rise in serum of soluble T lymphocyte-derived proteins
specific for nominal antigen (TABM). Here, we demonstrate that serum TABM
induced in primed mice during ACAID will transfer the suppression of DTH to
mice primed to the same antigen. Sera from TNP-BSA-primed mice that
received an anterior chamber injection of TNP-BSA, but not BSA alone,
suppressed the DTH response to TNP when injected into other TNP-BSA-primed
mice. Sera absorbed with Sepharose beads conjugated with either anti-TCR
C(alpha), anti-TCR C(beta), anti-TABM or TNP-BSA did not contain
TNP-specific TABM and did not transfer suppression of DTH. These results
suggest that the antigen-specific, TCR C(alphabeta)+ TABM that appear in
serum during ACAID are able to confer on or amplify the capacity of
sensitized T cells to suppress DTH. We believe this to be the first
demonstration of an in vivo immunologic function that is specifically
associated with TABM produced in vivo.
相似文献
7.
IL-10-driven immunoglobulin production by B lymphocytes from IgA-deficient individuals correlates to infection proneness 下载免费PDF全文
V FRIMAN L HANSON J-M BRIDON A TARKOWSKI J BANCHEREAU F BRIRE 《Clinical and experimental immunology》1996,104(3):432-438
In search for a possible explanation of the phenotypic heterogeneity in IgA deficiency, we studied the function of B cells from IgA-deficient (IgAd) individuals. Two groups of IgAd individuals, one frequently infected and one clinically apparently healthy, as well as normal controls, were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and B cells from IgAd individuals and controls were cultured with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain and with anti-CD40 MoAb presented on the CD32-transfected fibroblast cell line in the presence of IL-10. In this experimental system PBMC and B cells from the infection-prone IgAd individuals produced only minute amounts of IgA. In contrast, PBMC and B cells from healthy IgAd subjects secreted significantly more IgA1 and IgA2 in comparison with infection-prone IgAd patients (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the abnormalities of B cell differentiation in IgAd could be of heterogeneous origin. Thus, whereas in healthy IgAd subjects IgA production may be efficiently up-regulated in vitro by addition of IL-10 to CD40-activated B cell culture, the corresponding B cell differentiation does not occur in infection-prone IgAd patients. These observations provide a conceptual framework for phenotypic heterogeneity in IgAd subjects. 相似文献
8.
Diestra JE Scheffer GL Català I Maliepaard M Schellens JH Scheper RJ Germà-Lluch JR Izquierdo MA 《The Journal of pathology》2002,196(2):213-219
The expression and cellular localization of angiotensin II (Ang II) and AT(1) receptor proteins were examined in the normal human prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by immunohistochemistry. In the normal prostate, Ang II immunoreactivity was localized to the basal layer of the epithelium and AT(1) receptor immunostaining was found predominantly on stromal smooth muscle and also on vascular smooth muscle of prostatic blood vessels. Ang II immunoreactivity was markedly increased in hyperplastic acini in BPH compared with acini in the normal prostate (normal: 7.4+/-0.2%, n=5 vs. BPH: 22.7+/-1.9%, n=5, p<0.001). However, AT(1) receptor immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in BPH compared with the normal prostate [normal: 16.4+/-2.2%, n=4 vs. BPH: 9.4+/-1.3%, n=5, p<0.05 (p=0.025)]. The present study demonstrates the presence of Ang II peptide in the basal layer of the epithelium and AT(1) receptors on stromal smooth muscle, suggesting that Ang II may mediate paracrine functions on cellular growth and smooth muscle tone in the human prostate. Furthermore, AT(1) receptor down-regulation in BPH may be due to receptor hyperstimulation by increased local levels of Ang II in BPH. These data extend previous findings in support of the novel concept that overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may be involved in the pathophysiology of BPH. 相似文献
9.
Pre-eclampsia, one of the most significant health problems inhuman pregnancy, complicates 6-7% of all gestations and is theleading cause of fetal growth retardation, infant morbidityand mortality, premature birth and maternal death. Recent researchimplicates free radicals in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.This review covers the biochemistry of nitric oxide (NO) andpossible interactions with other free radicals. Studies in therat show that pregnancy is associated with enhanced productionand responsiveness to NO in both reproductive tissues and bloodvessels. Rats infused with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor) have been used as an animalmodel of pre-eclampsia, and the effects of steroid hormoneson blood pressure in this model have been tested. Results suggestthat pre-eclampsia may be a state of NO deficiency. However,in humans there seem to be contradictions regarding the involvementof NO in maternal adaptation to pregnancy. It is suggested thatNO may be one of several systems that act in concert to maintaina symbiotic relationship between mother and fetus. However,the input of each system may be genetically determined. 相似文献
10.
GABRD encoding a protein for extra- or peri-synaptic GABAA receptors is a susceptibility locus for generalized epilepsies 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Dibbens LM Feng HJ Richards MC Harkin LA Hodgson BL Scott D Jenkins M Petrou S Sutherland GR Scheffer IE Berkovic SF Macdonald RL Mulley JC 《Human molecular genetics》2004,13(13):1315-1319
A major challenge in understanding complex idiopathic generalized epilepsies has been the characterization of their underlying molecular genetic basis. Here, we report that genetic variation within the GABRD gene, which encodes the GABAA receptor delta subunit, affects GABA current amplitude consistent with a model of polygenic susceptibility to epilepsy in humans. We have found a GABRD Glu177Ala variant which is heterozygously associated with generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus. We also report an Arg220His allele in GABRD which is present in the general population. Compared with wild-type receptors, alpha1beta2Sdelta GABAA receptors containing delta Glu177Ala or Arg220His have decreased GABAA receptor current amplitudes. As GABAA receptors mediate neuronal inhibition, the reduced receptor current associated with both variants is likely to be associated with increased neuronal excitability. Since delta subunit-containing receptors localize to extra- or peri-synaptic membranes and are thought to be involved in tonic inhibition, our results suggest that alteration of this process may contribute to the common generalized epilepsies. 相似文献