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991.
992.
Do TP Ha Edith JM Feskens Paul Deurenberg Le B Mai Nguyen C Khan Frans J Kok 《BMC public health》2011,11(1):62
Background
In developing countries, overweight prevalence is increasing while underweight prevalence is still high. This situation is known as the double nutrition burden. Both underweight and overweight are related to increased risk of chronic non-communicable diseases, reduced well-being and quality of life. This study aims to compare the prevalence of overweight and underweight among Vietnamese adults in 2000 and 2005. 相似文献993.
Reginald Cannady Julie JM Grondin Kristen R Fisher Clyde W Hodge Joyce Besheer 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2011,36(11):2328-2338
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes (mGlu2/3) regulate a variety of alcohol-associated behaviors, including alcohol reinforcement, and relapse-like behavior. To date, the role of mGlu2/3 receptors in modulating the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol has not been examined. Given that the discriminative stimulus effects of drugs are determinants of abuse liability and can influence drug seeking, we examined the contributions of mGlu2/3 receptors in modulating the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol. In male Long-Evans rats trained to discriminate between alcohol (1 g/kg, IG) and water, the mGlu2/3 agonist (0.3–10 mg/kg) did not produce alcohol-like stimulus effects. However, pretreatment with LY379268 (1 and 3 mg/kg; in combination with alcohol) inhibited the stimulus effects of alcohol (1 g/kg). Systemic LY379268 (3 mg/kg, i.p.) was associated with increases in neuronal activity within the amygdala, but not the nucleus accumbens, as assessed by c-Fos immunoreactivity. Intra-amygdala activation of mGlu2/3 receptors by LY379268 (6 μg) inhibited the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol, without altering response rate. In contrast, intra-accumbens LY379268 (3 μg) profoundly reduced response rate; however, at lower LY379268 doses (0.3, 1 μg), the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol and response rate were not altered. These data suggest that amygdala mGlu2/3 receptors have a functional role in modulating the discriminative stimulus properties of alcohol and demonstrate differential motor sensitivity to activation of mGlu2/3 receptors in the amygdala and the accumbens. Understanding the neuronal mechanisms that underlie the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol may prove to be important for future development of pharmacotherapies for treating alcoholism. LY379268相似文献
994.
995.
Hans JM van Grinsven Ari Rabl Theo M de Kok 《Environmental health : a global access science source》2010,9(1):58
Background
Presently, health costs associated with nitrate in drinking water are uncertain and not quantified. This limits proper evaluation of current policies and measures for solving or preventing nitrate pollution of drinking water resources. The cost for society associated with nitrate is also relevant for integrated assessment of EU nitrogen policies taking a perspective of welfare optimization. The overarching question is at which nitrogen mitigation level the social cost of measures, including their consequence for availability of food and energy, matches the social benefit of these measures for human health and biodiversity. 相似文献996.
Suyin Ong Neil J Mortimer Paul JM Salmon 《The Australasian journal of dermatology》2016,57(3):216-218
The quadrilobe flap allows the mobilisation of the skin of the upper nose and nasofacial sulcus to the distal nose while avoiding unfavourable tension vectors that would distort the free margin of the ala. We report our experience over the past 3 years in the first case series of quadrilobe flaps for repair of surgical defects on the nose. 相似文献
997.
998.
Background
Hospitalization for older patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with functional decline. Little is know about the relationship between inflammatory markers and determinants of functional status in this population. The aim of the study is to investigate the association between tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Activities of Daily Living, and to identify risk factors associated with one year mortality or hospital readmission.Methods
301 consecutive patients hospitalized for CAP (mean age 73.9 ± 5.3 years) in a University affiliated hospital over 18 month period were included. All patients were evaluated on admission to identify baseline demographic, microbiological, cognitive and functional characteristics. Serum levels for TNF-α and CRP were collected at the same time. Reassessment of functional status at discharge, and monthly thereafter till 3 months post discharge was obtained and compared with preadmission level to document loss or recovery of functionality. Outcome was assessed by the composite endpoint of hospital readmission or death from any cause up to one year post hospital discharge.Results
36% of patients developed functional decline at discharge and 11% had persistent functional impairment at 3 months. Serum TNF-α (odds ratio [OR] 1.12, 95% CI 1.08–1.15; p < 0.001) and the Charlson Index (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.71; p = 0.001) but not age, CRP, or cognitive status were independently associated with loss of functionality at the time of hospital discharge. Lack of recovery in functional status at 3 months was associated with impaired cognitive ability and preadmission comorbidities. In Cox regression analysis, persistent functional impairment at 3 months, impaired cognitive function, and the Charlson Index were highly predictive of one year hospital readmission or death.Conclusion
Serum TNF-α levels can be useful in determining patients at risk for functional impairment following hospitalization from CAP. Old patients with impaired cognitive function and preexisting comorbidities who exhibit delay in functional recovery at 3 months post discharge may be at high risk for hospital readmission and death. With the scarcity of resources, a future risk stratification system based on these findings might be proven helpful to target older patients who are likely to benefit from interventional strategies. 相似文献999.
Serum hepatitis B surface antigen correlates with fibrosis and necroinflammation: A multicentre perspective in China 下载免费PDF全文
P. Zhang HB. Du GD. Tong XK. Li XH. Sun XL. Chi YF. Xing ZH. Zhou Q. Li B. Chen H. Wang L. Wang H. Jin DW. Mao XB. Wang QK. Wu FP. Li XY. Hu BJ. Lu ZY. Yang MX. Zhang WB. Shi Q. He Y. Li KP. Jiang JD. Xue XD. Li JM. Jiang W. Lu GJ. Tian ZB. Hu JC. Guo CZ. Li X. Deng XL. Luo FY. Li XW. Zhang YJ. Zheng G. Zhao LC. Wang JH. Wu H. Guo YQ. Mi ZJ. Gong CB. Wang F. Jiang P. Guo XZ. Yang WQ. Shi HZ. Yang Y. Zhou NN. Sun YT. Jiao YQ. Gao DQ. Zhou YA. Ye 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2018,25(9):1017-1025
The kinetics of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) during the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been studied, but the factors affecting them remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the factors affecting HBsAg titres, using data from multicentre, large‐sized clinical trials in China. The baseline data of 1795 patients in 3 multicentre trials were studied, and the patients were classified into 3 groups: hepatitis B early antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic HBV infection (n = 588), HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B (n = 596), and HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B (n = 611). HBsAg titres in the different phases were compared, and multiple linear progression analyses were performed to investigate the implicated factors. HBsAg titres varied significantly in different phases (P = .000), with the highest (4.60 log10 IU/mL [10%‐90% confidence interval: 3.52 log10 IU/mL‐4.99 log10 IU/mL]) in patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic HBV infection. In all phases, age and HBV DNA were correlated with serum HBsAg level. In HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients, a negative correlation between HBsAg titres and fibrosis stage was observed. Alanine amonitransferase or necroinflammatory activity was also correlated with HBsAg titres in HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B patients. In conclusion, decreased HBsAg titres may be associated with advancing fibrosis in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients or increased necroinflammation in those with HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B. Our findings may help clinicians better understand the kinetics of HBsAg and provide useful insights into the management of this disease. 相似文献
1000.
P. Zhang HB. Du GD. Tong XK. Li XH. Sun XL. Chi YF. Xing ZH. Zhou Q. Li B. Chen H. Wang L. Wang H. Jin DW. Mao XB. Wang QK. Wu FP. Li XY. Hu BJ. Lu ZY. Yang MX. Zhang WB. Shi Q. He Y. Li KP. Jiang JD. Xue XD. Li JM. Jiang W. Lu GJ. Tian ZB. Hu JC. Guo CZ. Li X. Deng XL. Luo FY. Li XW. Zhang YJ. Zheng G. Zhao LC. Wang JH. Wu H. Guo YQ. Mi ZJ. Gong CB. Wang F. Jiang P. Guo XZ. Yang WQ. Shi HZ. Yang Y. Zhou NN. Sun YT. Jiao YQ. Gao DQ. Zhou YA. Ye 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2018,25(9):ii-ii