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91.
Farman Ullah Hina Gul Nicolas Desneux Fazal Said Xiwu Gao Dunlun Song 《Ecotoxicology (London, England)》2020,29(4):407-416
The chive maggot, Bradysia odoriphaga (Yang and Zhang) is an economically important insect pest, affecting many key vegetables, including Chinese chive, especially in northern China. Chlorfenapyr, a halogenated pyrrole insecticide that interferes with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is widely used against B. odoriphaga. In this study, we evaluated selection-induced resistance to chlorfenapyr and fitness costs in B. odoriphaga. The results showed that B. odoriphaga developed 43.32-fold resistance after continuous exposure to chlorfenapyr for over 10 consecutive generations. The life-history traits of chlorfenapyr-resistant and susceptible strains were compared using age-stage, two-sex life table approach. No significant effects were observed on the longevity and pre-adult period. However, reduction in the total pre-oviposition period (TPOP) and fecundity (eggs/female) were observed in the resistant strain. Moreover, the demographic parameters such as intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) were also decreased significantly in the resistant strain compared to the susceptible strain. These results showed the potential of B. odoriphaga to develop resistance against chlorfenapyr under continuous selection pressure. Furthermore, there was a fitness cost linked with chlorfenapyr resistance in B. odoriphaga. We conclude that a better knowlegde on the trade-off at play between resistance degree and fitness cost could be crucial for developing further management of B. odoriphaga in China. 相似文献
92.
Hydatid disease is caused by infection with the metacestode stage of Echinococcus tapeworms of the family Taeniidae. The primary carriers are dogs and wolves, and humans are accidental hosts that do not contribute to the normal life cycle of this organism. The liver is the most commonly involved organ in the body by cystic echinococcosis (CE) secondary to infection with Echinococcus granulosus. Management options for CE should depend on the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic classification. Small (<5 cm) WHO stage CE1 and CE3a cysts may be primarily treated with benzimidazoles; the first-choice drug is albendazole. In some situations the combination of albendazole and praziquantel may be preferred. Chemotherapy with a benzimidazole or albendazole plus praziquantel is also used as adjunctive treatment to surgery and percutaneous treatment. Drug treatments have been the indispensable therapeutic modalities for cystic echinococcosis.Key words: Cystic echinococcosis, Drug treatment, Albendazole, Mebendazole, PraziquantelHydatid disease is caused by infection with the metacestode stage of Echinococcus tapeworms of the family Taeniidae. Four species of Echinococcus cause infection in humans: Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus alveolaris are the most common, causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively. The primary carriers are dogs and wolves, and intermediate hosts are sheep, cattle, and deer, Humans are accidental hosts that do not contribute to the normal life cycle of this microorganism. Humans are infected by ingesting ova from soil or water contaminated by the feces of dogs. Hydatid cysts are common in societies where agriculture and raising animals are common, and hydatid disease continues to be a serious public health problem in many countries, including Turkey.1–6 The most common site is the liver, followed in frequency by lung, kidney, and spleen.7,8 The other, less common sites, such as the heart, pancreas, bone, brain, and muscles, are very rarely affected.8–11 The first step in the prevention of hydatid disease is basic hygiene and the second step involves the approach to treatment. No consensus exists regarding the optimal treatment, although medical treatment is effective against larval E granulosus. In this study, we aim to discuss the effectiveness of medical treatment in the management of hydatid disease 相似文献
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95.
Y. El Miedany M. El Gaafary S. Youssef I. Ahmed Sami Bahlas M. Hegazi A. Nasr 《Clinical rheumatology》2016,35(12):2915-2923
This study aims to assess clinical, lab/immunological or imaging (joint ultrasonography) markers able to predict disease relapse in RA patients in sustained remission when tapering or stopping their treatment. One hundred fifty-seven RA patients in clinical remission (DAS-28 <2.6 for >6 months), receiving treatment with sDMARDs and bDMARD therapy, were randomly allocated into any of five groups: Group 1: continue full dose DMARDs and taper biologic therapy by 50 % (31 patients); Group 2: taper both DMARDs and biologic therapy dose by 50 % (32 patients); Group 3: taper DMARDs by 50 % and stop biologic therapy (31 patients); Group 4: stop both DMARDs and biologic therapy (31 patients); Group 5: continue medications without change (31 patients). Forty joints were assessed ultrasonographically (DAS-28 joints + ankles + metatarsophalangeal joints) and prospectively monitored for 12 months. The primary endpoint was sustained remission for 12 months. Patients were considered as having a relapse when the DAS-28 score was >3.2 and anti-rheumatic treatment was escalated. The frequency of relapse was 41.9 % in Group 1, 59.3 % in Group 2, 67.7 % in Group 3, 77.4 % in Group 4 and 6.5 % in Group 5. Relapse rates were significantly higher in patients whose ultrasound scores raised within 3 months of stopping their medications (P < 0.001 for both GS and PD scores). Cox regression identified ACPA positivity (at baseline) and progression of functional disability (at 2 months) as predictors for relapse. Tapering therapy is feasible in RA patients. Tailored dynamic approach is advised. Joint ultrasonographic assessment, ACPA positivity and worsening functional disability predicted relapse within a short term after discontinuation of the treatment. RA patients whose DAS-28 score was <2 were more likely to remain in remission. 相似文献
96.
Ahmad H. Alghadir Sami A. Gabr Einas Al-Eisa 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(7):2261-2270
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess the possible role of physical
activities, calcium consumption and lifestyle factors in both bone mineral density and
bone metabolism indices in 350 young adult volunteers. [Subjects and Methods] All
volunteers were recruited for the assessment of lifestyle behaviors and physical activity
traits using validated questioners, and bone mineral density (BMD), serum osteocalcin
(s-OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and calcium were estimated using
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analysis, and immunoassay techniques. [Results] Male
participants showed a significant increase in BMD along with an increase in bone
metabolism markers compared with females in all groups. However, younger subjects showed a
significant increase in BMD, OC, BAP, and calcium compared with older subjects.
Osteoporosis was more common in older subjects linked with abnormal body mass index and
waist circumference. Bone metabolism markers correlated positively with BMD, physically
activity and negatively with osteoporosis in all stages. Also, moderate to higher calcium
and milk intake correlated positively with higher BMD. However, low calcium and milk
intake along with higher caffeine, and carbonated beverage consumption, and heavy
cigarette smoking showed a negative effect on the status of bone mineral density. Stepwise
regression analysis showed that life style factors including physical activity and
demographic parameters explained around 58–69.8% of the bone mineral density variation in
young adults especially females. [Conclusion] body mass index, physical activity, low
calcium consumption, and abnormal lifestyle have role in bone mineral density and
prognosis of osteoporosis in young adults.Key words: Bone mineral density (BMD), Lifestyle, Physical activity 相似文献
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98.
Andrei Odobescu Sami P Moubayed Eugene Daniels Michel Alain Danino 《CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY》2015,23(2):100-102
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the horizontal mattress technique in microvascular anastomosis for size-mismatched vessels.METHODS:
The present study involved cadaveric simulation using size-mismatched (1.5:1) Thiel-embalmed cadaveric arteries. The authors performed horizontal mattress anastomoses using 9-0 nylon suture and recorded the procedure. Vessel patency was evaluated by saline infusion. Vessels were cut open and photographed; histological slides were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.RESULTS:
Four anastomoses were performed. Vessels were found to be patent in all cases, with grade 0 leaks. Intima-on-intima apposition with no intraluminal exposure of muscularis nor adventitia were observed.CONCLUSION:
The present cadaveric study supports the technical feasibility of using horizontal mattress sutures in size-mismatched end-toend anastomoses. 相似文献99.
Asaad M. Assiri Anjum Saeed Elshazaly Saeed Mohammad I. El-Mouzan Ahmed A. Alsarkhy Muath Al-Turaiki Ali Al-Mehaidib Mohsin Rashid Anhar Ullah 《Saudi medical journal》2015,36(6):751-753
Objectives:
To assess knowledge of celiac disease among medical professionals (physicians).Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of hospital-based medical staff in primary, secondary, and tertiary care public, and private hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (KSA). We carried out the study between January 2013 and January 2104 at King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA. A pretested questionnaire was distributed to the potential participants. A scoring system was used to classify the level of knowledge of participants into 3 categories: poor, fair, and good.Results:
A total of 109 physicians completed the survey and of these participants, 86.3% were from public hospitals, and 13.7% from private hospitals; 58.7% were males. Of the physicians, 19.2% had poor knowledge. Interns and residents had fair to good knowledge, but registrars, specialists, and even the consultants were less knowledgeable of celiac disease.Conclusion:
Knowledge of celiac disease is poor among a significant number of physicians including consultants, which can potentially lead to delays in diagnosis. Educational programs need to be developed to improve awareness of celiac disease in the health care profession.Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that is triggered by ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. This leads to small intestinal villous atrophy and its ensuing complications. Celiac disease is a common disorder, and the prevalence seems to be on the rise. The exact prevalence of CD in the Middle East and Saudi Arabia (KSA) is not known, but it affects approximately 0.5-1% of the general population in the West.1 The classical presentation of CD is in early childhood with a mal-absorptive picture leading to diarrhea and failure to thrive. However, many cases now present in adulthood. It can also have a variety of non-intestinal presentations such as anemia, fatigue, bone disease, liver enzyme elevation, and infertility.1,2 Highly sensitive screening tests such as immunoglobulin (Ig)A-tissue transglutaminase antibody are now available to screen for CD. The diagnosis of CD is confirmed with small intestinal biopsies, and treatment consists of a strict gluten-free diet for life.3 Health care professionals need to be aware of both the classical and non-classical (extra-intestinal) manifestations of CD in order to make a timely diagnosis. Delays in diagnosis can lead to potentially serious complications such as osteoporosis and small intestinal lymphoma.4 The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge of CD among the medical professionals. The information obtained will help to design and conduct educational and training programs on CD. 相似文献100.
Hana R. Al-Bannay Lyn E. Jongbloed Tal Jarus Sami S. Alabdulwahab Tawfik A. Khoja Elizabeth Dean 《Saudi medical journal》2015,36(7):869-873