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41.
Bilal Iqbal Avan Syed Ahsan Raza Betty R. Kirkwood 《International journal of public health》2014,59(5):779-788
Objectives
Sensory stimulation (SS) is a non-nutritional modifiable risk factor for early childhood development. We assessed SS in home environment and examined its influence on physical growth and psychomotor development (PD).Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 26 communities in Pakistan among children aged <3 (n = 1,219). They were assessed at home visits using (1) Bayley’s Infant Developmental Scale for PD, (2) home observation for measurement of the environment inventory for SS, (3) anthropometry and (4) socio-economic questionnaire.Results
In rural homes, SS provided was lower as compared to urban counterparts (Adj mean diff: 4.47, 95 % CI 3.78, 5.16) and showed an association with stunting (Adj mean diff: ?1.30, 95 % CI ?1.93, ?0.66), and underweight (Adj mean diff: ?1.04, 95 % CI ?1.71, ?0.38) not explained by type of neighbourhood or socio-economic status. SS was associated with PD more than combined contribution of socio-economic status and rural–urban factors (Adj mean diff: 0.47, 95 % CI 0.30, 0.63).Conclusions
SS in rural homes may be a significant factor influencing the child development. There is a need to corroborate these results by additional research for integration in health policy initiatives. 相似文献42.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies directed against various biomolecules. The initial immunogens that drive the development of SLE are unknown, but characteristics of the immune response in SLE suggest that it is an antigen-driven response, and a chromatin antigen could be one of the immunogens for the production of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in SLE. Other factors implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE include nitrogen-free radicals such as nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. The free radical-mediated damage to proteins results in the modification of amino acid residues, cross-linking of side chains and fragmentation. The tyrosine residues in proteins are susceptible to attack by various reactive nitrogen intermediates, including peroxynitrite to form 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). The presence of nitrated proteins in vivo indicates that peptides derived from the proteolytic degradation of modified proteins could serve as neoantigens. Histones are highly conserved proteins that are rich in basic amino acids lysine and arginine. Autoantibodies against histones and anti-DNA antibodies are present in SLE. The anti-DNA autoantibodies coexist with anti-histone autoantibodies and may react with chromatin-associated histones and histone complexes. Elevated levels of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in SLE patients suggest a possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The alteration of proteins resulting from photomodification or peroxynitrite could lead to the development of antibodies. Therefore, the modified proteins or photoadducts could have important implications in autoimmunity, and understanding the pathophysiology of peroxynitrite-modified biomolecules could lead to a better understanding of autoimmune phenomenon in SLE. 相似文献
47.
Mory Keita Mahamoud Sama Cherif Billy Sivahera Samuel T. Boland Freddy Banza-Mutoka Mamadou Kourouma Alseny Modet Camara Youssouf Sidibe Jean Paul Kimenyi Lamine Diassy Angelo Loua Ibrahima Sory Fofana Youba Kandako Dobo Onivogui Enogo Koivogui Tamba Jacques Millimono Fode Diakite Mamadou Balde Bienvenu Houndjo Ngoy Nsenga Ambrose Talisuna Alexandre Delamou Olivia Keiser Georges Alfred Ki-Zerbo Abdou Salam Gueye 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》2022,106(4):1094
48.
Background and Purpose: The number of degree-awarding programmes in medical education is steadily increasing. Despite the popularity and extensive investment in these courses, there is little research into their impact. This study investigated the perceived impact of an internationally-renowned postgraduate programme in medical education on health professionals’ development as educators.Methods: An online survey of the 2008–12 graduates from the Centre for Medical Education, University of Dundee was carried out. Their self-reported shifts in various educational competencies and scholarship activities were analysed using non-parametric statistics. Qualitative data were also collected and analysed to add depth to the quantitative findings.Results: Of the 504 graduates who received the online questionnaire 224 responded. Participants reported that a qualification in medical education had significantly (p?<?0.001) improved their professional educational practices and engagement in scholarly activities. Masters graduates reported greater impact compared to Certificate graduates on all items, including ability to facilitate curriculum reforms, and in assessment and feedback practices. Masters graduates also reported more engagement in scholarship activities, with significantly greater contributions to journals. These qualifications equally benefited all participants regardless of age. International graduates reported greater impact of the qualification than their UK counterparts.Conclusion: A postgraduate medical education programme can significantly impact on the practices and behaviours of health professionals in education, improving self-efficacy and instilling an increased sense of belonging to the educational community. 相似文献
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Satit Janwanishstaporn Siting Feng John Teerlink Marco Metra Gad Cotter Beth A. Davison G. Michael Felker Gerasimos Filippatos Peter Pang Piotr Ponikowski Thomas Severin Claudio Gimpelewicz Thomas Holbro Chien Wei Chen Iziah Sama Adriaan A. Voors Barry H. Greenberg 《European journal of heart failure》2020,22(4):726-738