颈动脉体瘤的诊断和治疗

目的总结颈动脉体瘤的诊治经验,探讨颈动脉体瘤的诊断、术前准备、手术方法和并发症的防治。方法10例颈动脉体瘤患者,5例首诊时误诊为其他疾病。3例术前行数字减影血管造影检查,9例行B超检查,1例行ECT检查,5例行CT检查,3例行MRI检查,2例行脑血流图检查,仅3例手术前行颈动脉压迫试验。7例采用单纯瘤体切除,1例行瘤体与颈外动脉切除,1例行瘤体与部分颈总动脉、分叉及颈内、外动脉一同切除,未做颈动脉重建,1例瘤体切除同时行部分颈总动脉、分叉及颈内、外动脉切除,并行自体大隐静脉移植术。结果本组术后无死亡、偏瘫和失明病例,1例出现患侧口角歪斜,2例出现霍纳综合征,2例出现声嘶、呛咳,2例出现吞咽困难,3例出现舌歪。9例获随访,时间1～12年,无复发病例。结论临床医师应提高对颈动脉体瘤的认识,注意选择合适的检查方法以免误诊 充分的术前准备、良好的肿瘤暴露和手术技巧、精心的术后护理是治愈该病、预防并发症的关键。     

经皮内镜椎间盘切除术治疗慢性椎间盘源性腰痛的初步研究

目的 评价经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术(percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy,PELD)治疗经保守治疗无效的慢性椎间盘源性腰痛的初步临床效果. 方法 2007年6月-2008年5月,收治52例经保守治疗无效的慢性腰痛患者,经低压椎间盘造影诊断为椎间盘源性疼痛.其中男15例,女37例;年龄29～46岁,平均38.2岁.慢性腰痛病程6～110个月,平均32.1个月.经MRI检查显示共有108个T2像低信号的"黑椎间盘",按信号异常椎间盘节段分布:L2、3 3个,L3、417个,L4、548个,L5～S140个.经造影显示为阳性,并行透视或术中CT证实椎间盘后方纤维环撕裂的有79个椎间盘,行PELD治疗.于术前、术后1个月及末次随访时行疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),末次随访时按改良Macnab标准评价1临床疗效. 结果 每节段手术时间21～36 min,平均30.7 min;术后住院时间2～5 d,平均3.7 d.术后无感染、血管神经损伤等并发症发生;5例术后当天出现一过性神经麻痹,未行特殊处理,末次随访时症状消失.52例均获随访,随访时间3～15个月,平均7.3个月.腰痛VAS评分术前为(7.34±1.52)分,术后1个月及末次随访时分别为(3.62±0.92)分和(1.57±0.48)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).根据改良Macnab标准,优11例,良23例,可13例,差5例,优良率65.38%. 结论 初步研究提示PELD安全有效,可用于治疗经保守治疗无效的慢性椎间盘源性腰痛患者.     

老年人下肢动脉闭塞的血管重建术262例分析

目的 总结对下肢缺血老年患者进行动脉重建术的手术效果及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析从2006年1月至2008年11月收治的262例下肢动脉缺血的老年患者的临床资料.总结对老年患者行下肢动脉重建术围手术期的关注要点及影响远期预后的因素.结果 本组262例老年患者(323条患肢),下肢动脉血管旁路术102条,腔内治疗98条,单纯取栓/内膜剥脱术67条,手术(血管搭桥/取栓/内膜剥脱术)结合腔内治疗多节段病变56条.手术成功率94.7%,围手术期死亡2例(30 d内),围手术期严重并发症15例.262例中245例患者获得术后获有效随访,随防率93.5%,随访时间1～35个月,平均(18±10)个月.随访期内,死亡15例,血管Ⅰ期通畅率80.5%,Ⅱ期通畅率92.7%,保肢率95.2%.危险因素分析提示:有冠心病病史和年龄大于70岁的病例组在随访期内死亡明显高于其他组.合并糖尿病、病情严重、病变范围广导致术后血管再闭塞发生率高,且截肢数量增加.结论 重症下肢动脉闭塞症的动脉重建术依赖于熟练的手术经验,综合性的多科室协作,合理的手术方案以及围手术期的细致管理.     

快速康复外科在结直肠癌择期手术中的应用效果

Objective To investigate the clinical application of fast track surgery in patients undergoing elective colorectal carcinoma surgery. Methods Seventy patients with colorectal carcinoma requiring colorectal resection were randomized into two groups: fast-track group (35 cases) and conventional care group (35 cases). Results Sixty-two patients finished the study, 32 cases in fast-track group and 30 cases in conventional care group. The median and average time to the first passage of flatus (2±1 vs. 4±2, P<0.01), the first passage of stool (3.8±1.6 vs. 6.4±2.5, P=0.0007), resumption of normal diet [(4±2) vs. (8.2±2.2), P<0.01] and the length of postoperative stay (6±1 days vs. 11.7±3.8 days, P<0.01) were much shorter in the fast-track group than in the conventional care group. The preoperative incidence of thirst (2/32 vs. 23/30, P<0.01), hunger (5/32 vs. 20/30, P<0.01) and postoperative infectious complications (2/32 vs. 8/30, P=0.04) were much lower in the fast-track group than in the conventional care group. Conclusion Fast track surgery in patients undergoing elective colorectal resection was safe and effective.     

胰岛素强化治疗对严重创伤患者炎性反应及预后的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory re-sponse and prognosis of patients with severe trauma. Methods Eighty severely injured patients were di-vided into intensive insulin therapy group (n = 40, IT) and routine therapy group (n = 40, RT) in random pair. At the time of admission, a continuous infusion of insulin (2 -4 U/h) was pumped into the patients of IT group to maintain blood glucose level at 6 -8 mmol/L. Patients in RT group were given routine treatment without administration of insulin. Fever, organ injury, and mortality of patients in 2 groups were recorded. Venous blood was drawn from patients of 2 groups on the morning of post treatment day (PTD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Values of TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-2, and IL-10 in plasma were assayed. Results High fever appeared in 9 patients in IT group, and WBC exceeded 10.0×109 for more than 3 days in 17 patients in this group, versus 20 and 29 patients respectively in RT group. Dysfunction of 1 organ appeared in 31 pa-tients in IT group and 30 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 3 organs appeared in 10 patients in IT group and 19 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 4 organs appeared in 7 patients in IT group and 12 patients in RT group. In IT group, 4 patients died within 3 post-injury day (PID), and 1 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 12.5% ). In RT group, 5 patients died within 3 PID, and 4 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 22.5%). Plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP of patients in IT group were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group on PID 3 - 7 ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ), while levels of IL-2 and IL-10 of patients in IT group were significantly higher than those of patients in RT group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Plasma levels of TNF-α ( 1.3±0.6 μg/L) and CRP (55±16 mg/L) of patients in IT group on PTD 7 were lowered to the trough level, and they were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group (3.0±0.8μg/L, 89±20 mg/L, respectively, P <0.01 ). Conclusions Intensive insulin therapy can mitigate systemic inflammatory response and improve prognosis of patients with severe trauma.     

Electronic endoscope insertion into a thoracic drainage tube is a new technique in the treatment and diagnosis of pleural diseases

Background  Pleural disease remains a commonly encountered clinical problem for both physician and surgeon. This study describes a new way to better diagnose and treat pleural diseases (hemothorax, empyema, and pleural effusion) using an electronic endoscope (gastroscope or bronchoscope). Methods  We conducted a retrospective study of the use of an electronic endoscope in the treatment and diagnosis of pleural diseases. From November 2006 to February 2008, a total of 17 patients (3 women, 14 men; mean age = 41.8 years; range = 18–62 years) underwent procedures for thoracic empyema (13 patients), traumatic clotted hemothorax (3 patients), and undiagnosed pleural effusion (1 patient). The electronic endoscope was inserted via the thoracic drainage tube for the treatment or diagnosis of pleural diseases after regular treatments, including thoracentesis, tube thoracostomy, and biopsy, failed. Results  All patients were cured and discharged from hospital and were followed up for 6 months. The patients recovered well and there was no recurrence. Conclusion  The technique of inserting an electronic endoscope into the thoracic drainage tube for diagnosis and treatment of pleural diseases is simple, effective, minimally invasive, and cost-effective.     

Clinical experience and results of lumbar microendoscopic discectomy: a study with a five‐year follow‐up

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of microendoscopic discectomy (MED) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation over a five‐year follow‐up period. Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2002, 275 patients were accepted for MED in our hospital. A retrospective review was carried out on 151 of these cases with a mean of five years follow‐up. The study helped us to assess the efficacy of this technique in the treatment of lumbar disc diseases. Modified MacNab criteria were used to assess the clinical outcome, and the disc‐height ratio was assessed radiographically according to the Mochida's method. Results: According to the modified MacNab criteria, 78.8% of patients were rated as excellent, 13.2% as good, 4.6% as fair, and 3.3% as poor. Complications included five revision surgeries due to recurrence of herniation, five dural lacerations during operation, and three cases of vertebral/disc infection. The average disc‐height ratio was 76.25%. Approximately 57% of the patients maintained their primary engagement. Conclusion: MED is both feasible and efficacious for the management of lumbar disc disease. On the basis of the present study it is concluded that MED is better than open discectomy (OD).     

Laminoplasty for the treatment of extramedullary intradural tumors in the thoracic and lumbar spine: greater than two‐year follow‐up

Objective: To investigate the outcome of a laminoplasty technique without additional instrumentation for fixation of laminae in the treatment of extramedullary intradural tumors in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Methods: Twenty‐four patients (15 men and 9 women) with extramedullary intradural tumors in the thoracic and lumbar spine were included in our study. The average age was 36.2 years (range 18 to 61 years). The pathological diagnosis was neurofibroma in 13, ependymoma in 6, lipoma in 2 and teratoma in 3 cases. All patients underwent the same laminoplasty surgery as follows: the laminae were reattached to their original sites, the ligaments (including the supraspinal, interspinal and yellow ligaments) were conserved, and primary stability of the re‐attached laminae was achieved with silk or nylon sutures. Results: Sixty‐six laminae were re‐implanted in 24 patients. The average length of follow‐up was 34.2 months (26.5 to 41 months). Fusion of the laminae was achieved in a mean of 4.5 months (3 to 6 months). Unilateral healing of the incision lines was observed in seven cases, including one with two‐level laminotomy, three with three‐level laminotomy and three with four‐level laminotomy. The other 17 cases underwent bilateral fusion. Conclusion: Fixing the laminae, spinous processes and ligaments with sutures can achieve satisfactory primary stability and high fusion rates for resected laminae. Additional instrumentation may be necessary in greater than three‐level laminoplasty.     

创伤性复发性腓骨肌腱脱位的手术治疗

目的研究创伤性复发性腓骨肌腱脱位的手术方法. 方法回顾分析1986年1月～2003年12月手术治疗的21例创伤性复发性腓骨肌腱脱位的病例,所有病例均应用Watson Jones手术. 结果 15例得到随访,随访时间1～15年,平均4.9年.1例因外伤再次脱位,其余14例未再出现脱位,均恢复正常运动或训练,比赛. 结论 Watson Jones手术治疗复发性脱位操作简单,损伤小,效果满意.     

原位肠代膀胱术远期疗效评价(附266例报告)

目的 总结评价原位肠代膀胱术的远期临床效果。方法 对1991-2003年266例因膀胱癌行膀胱全切手术患者资料进行分析。Hautmann回肠原位代膀胱术206例，Reddy原位结肠代膀胱术60例。131例患者在原标准术式基础上作了手术技术改进。总结手术改进前后患者控尿率和并发症发生率等。结果 获完整随访患者225例。回肠代膀胱术改进前后男性平均随访时间62（44-146）个月和38（4-67）个月；结肠原位代膀胱手术改进前后患者平均随访时间为62（51-131）个月和34（5-67）个月。手术改进可提高男性术后夜间可控率（P〈0．05），女性改善不明显（P〉0．05），总的近期和远期并发症发生率为13．8％和19．6％。男性肿瘤尿道复发9例（4％），女性无复发。结论 原位尿流改道术的远期临床疗效满意，并发症发生率低。手术技术改进可提高男性患者的夜间控尿率。