复杂性尿道狭窄及并发症诊治的实验研究与临床运用

复杂性尿道狭窄或闭锁的处理一直是泌尿外科最棘手的难题之一,尤其是对初次或再次治疗失败后的复杂性超长段尿道狭窄或闭锁(＞ 14 cm)患者的治疗,作者在治疗复杂性尿道狭窄及其并发症中取得了一系列的原创性成果.与国内外的同类研究比较,主要有以下发现和创新点.①在国际上首次提出并证实结肠黏膜可作为尿道替代物;临床治疗55例超长段尿道狭窄(平均15.2 cm)的结果提示结肠黏膜具有材源丰富、易于剥离、抗感染力强、皱缩率低等优点,适于14 cm以上尿道的重建,尤其是多次治疗失败的复杂性超长段尿道狭窄.②在国际上首次建立新型分期手术治疗复杂性超长段狭窄或闭锁,临床应用11例,疗效显著,为难治性前后尿道间长段狭窄或闭锁提供了一个新的思路.③在国际上首次阐述舌黏膜尿道重建的病理学特征及转归,建立大面积舌黏膜取材新技术;在国内率先开展舌黏膜尿道成形术,样本量为国内外最大.④在国际上首次建立了尿道压客观量化指标(90 cmH2O或较基础压提高40 ～50 cmH2O),用于评估球部尿道悬吊术中尿道压力.从而提高了手术成功率,减少了并发症,取得了显著治疗效果.该系列研究成果先后获省部科技进步一等奖和多项二等奖.     

肾交感神经刺激对全身交感神经系统的影响

目的：评价肾交感神经刺激(Renal sympathetic nerves stimulation,RSNS)对全身交感神经系统的影响。方法12只成年杂种犬随机分为两组：假手术组(Sham组,n=6)和肾交感神经刺激组(RSNS组,n=6)。RSNS组经左肾动脉外膜给予持续2 h高频电刺激,刺激参数：频率20 Hz,脉宽0.1 ms,刺激强度随血压进行调整,以保持血压较刺激前升高10%;假手术组在左肾动脉附近寻找一处体表皮肤给予以同样2 h高频电刺激。分别于基础状态和2 h刺激末检测血压(BP)、心率(HR)、心率变异性(HRV)和血清去甲肾上腺素（NE）浓度。结果与基础状态比较,Sham组成年杂种犬2 h末BR、HR、交感神经活性和血清去甲肾上腺素浓度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与基础状态比较,RSNS可以明显提高成年杂种犬BR、交感神经活性和血清去甲肾上腺素浓度,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肾交感神经刺激可以明显提高全身交感神经系统活性。     

我院2017-2019年深部抗真菌药物利用分析

目的:分析评价某三甲专科医院2017-2019深部抗真菌药物的临床使用情况,为深部抗真菌药物的合理规范使用提供参考.方法:利用信息系统,采用金额排序法和用药频度排序法对某三甲专科医院2017-2019年深部抗真菌药物进行统计分析.结果:2017-2019年该院深部抗真菌药物销售金额及所占比例有逐步下降趋势,使用频度排在...     

Cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index values in 9-year-old rural Norwegian children

Aim: To describe cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index (BMI) values in a representative population of 9-year-old Norwegian children in two rural communities and compare present values with previous findings.
Methods: Two hundred and fifty-nine 9-year-old children were invited, and 256 participated in this study. Maximal oxygen uptake was directly measured during a continuous progressive treadmill protocol. Body mass and height were also measured.
Results: The mean ± SD relative maximal oxygen uptake was 52.8 ± 6.5 for boys and 46.9 ± 7.2 mL/kg/min for girls. Eight percent of the boys and 16.8% of the girls were classified as overweight, and 1.6% of the boys and 6.9% of the girls as obese. Mean age, body mass, height and Ponderal index were not significantly different between sexes. Girls had a higher BMI than boys (p = 0.05).
Conclusion: Compared to earlier Norwegian studies, children's BMI values seem to have increased substantially. This increase is most pronounced in girls. When assessing these differences using the PI, this increase is less marked. Comparing maximal oxygen uptake data with that in earlier Nordic studies, there is no evidence that fitness has declined among 9-year olds. However, the limitations of the few earlier studies make reliable comparisons difficult.     

Three children with congenital toxoplasmosis: early report from a Swedish prospective screening study

The aim of this prospective study was to define the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in Sweden. Blood eluates collected on filter papers, Guthrie cards, from 40978 newborn babies were analysed for specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antitoxoplasma antibodies. This is a preliminary report of three children with congenital toxoplasmosis, defined by the occurrence of antitoxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies. Two children were asymptomatic at birth. They were both normally developed at the age of 12 and 15 months, respectively. The third child had unidentified but uncomplicated symptoms of infection in the neonatal period. As a result of the screening congenital toxoplasmosis was confirmed and treatment instituted. Microphthalmus and peripheral chorioretinitis were detected in one eye. In spite of the chemotherapeutic treatment he developed hydrocephalus needing neurosurgical intervention at the age of 3 months. His development at 14 months was normal. The incidence in Sweden of congenital toxoplasmosis detected by specific IgM antitoxoplasma antibodies in blood from filter papers is less than 1:10000.     

Usefulness of muscle denervation as an MRI sign of peripheral nerve pathology

Peripheral nerve disorders may be classified into compressive or entrapment neuropathies and non‐compressive neuropathies. Muscle denervation recognized on MRI may be a useful sign in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve disorders. Acute or subacute denervation results in prolonged T2 relaxation time, producing increased signal in skeletal muscle on short tau inversion‐recovery and fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images. Chronic denervation produces fatty atrophy of skeletal muscles, resulting in increased muscle signal on T1‐weighted images. This review will outline and illustrate the various ways that muscle denervation as seen on MRI may assist in the diagnosis and localization of peripheral nerve disorders.     

The Relation between Work-related Psychosocial Factors and the Development of Depression

This review is based on a literature search made in January2007 on request by the Danish National Board of Industrial Injuries.The search in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO resulted in morethan 1,000 publications. This was reduced to 14 after the titles,abstracts, and papers were evaluated by using the followingcriteria: 1) a longitudinal study, 2) exposure to work-relatedpsychosocial factors, 3) the outcome a measure of depression,4) relevant statistical estimates, and 5) nonduplicated publication.Of the 14 studies, seven used standardized diagnostic instrumentsas measures of depression, whereas the other seven studies usedself-administered questionnaires. The authors found moderateevidence for a relation between the psychological demands ofthe job and the development of depression, with relative risksof approximately 2.0. However, indication of publication biasweakens the evidence. Social support at work was associatedwith a decrease in risk for future depression, as all four studiesdealing with this exposure showed associations with relativerisks of about 0.6. Even if this literature study has identifiedwork-related psychosocial factors that in high-quality epidemiologicstudies predict depression, studies are still needed that assessin more detail the duration and intensity of exposure necessaryfor developing depression. depression • prospective studies • psychology • work     

A clinical study assessing the tolerability and biological effects of infliximab, a TNF-alpha inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancer

BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important regulator of the chronic inflammation contributing to tumour progression. Infliximab, an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody was investigated in this trial of patients with advanced cancer. The primary objectives were to determine the safety profile and biological response of infliximab in a cancer population. Clinical response was a secondary objective. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients received infliximab at 5 mg/kg (n = 21) or 10 mg/kg (n = 20) i.v. at 0 and 2 weeks and then every 4 weeks. Post-treatment samples were measured for changes in plasma and serum TNF-alpha, CCL2, IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS: Infliximab was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxic effects. At both doses of infliximab, neutralisation of serum TNF-alpha was observed after 1 h while plasma CCL2, IL-6 and serum CRP were decreased 24 and 48 h following infliximab administration. Seven patients experienced disease stablisation (range 10-50+ weeks). There was no evidence of disease acceleration in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab treatment was safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced cancer. There was evidence of biological activity with baseline TNF-alpha and CCL2 being correlated with infliximab response.     

用19个生化基因位点研究普通级Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠的遗传多样性

实验动物资源是国家生命科学研究的重要科技资源。实验动物资源的共享和充分利用是生物科技创新的基础和保障。有效的共享机制和合理的共享方式是实现实验动物资源共享和充分利用的重要保障,是规范实验动物资源共享行为和确保共享安全的迫切需要。