全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2592篇 |
免费 | 95篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 21篇 |
儿科学 | 25篇 |
妇产科学 | 19篇 |
基础医学 | 331篇 |
口腔科学 | 47篇 |
临床医学 | 136篇 |
内科学 | 537篇 |
皮肤病学 | 18篇 |
神经病学 | 362篇 |
特种医学 | 120篇 |
外科学 | 457篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 25篇 |
眼科学 | 15篇 |
药学 | 232篇 |
中国医学 | 6篇 |
肿瘤学 | 351篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 43篇 |
2021年 | 43篇 |
2020年 | 33篇 |
2019年 | 37篇 |
2018年 | 45篇 |
2017年 | 37篇 |
2016年 | 46篇 |
2015年 | 50篇 |
2014年 | 63篇 |
2013年 | 80篇 |
2012年 | 167篇 |
2011年 | 173篇 |
2010年 | 97篇 |
2009年 | 67篇 |
2008年 | 138篇 |
2007年 | 183篇 |
2006年 | 160篇 |
2005年 | 155篇 |
2004年 | 133篇 |
2003年 | 181篇 |
2002年 | 171篇 |
2001年 | 46篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 52篇 |
1998年 | 54篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 26篇 |
1994年 | 30篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 35篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有2706条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Ryuji Ochiai Yoko Sugiura Yasushi Shioya Kazuhiro Otsuka Yoshihisa Katsuragi Teruto Hashiguchi 《Nutrition Research》2014
Brewed coffee is a widely consumed beverage, and many studies have examined its effects on human health. We investigated the vascular effects of coffee polyphenols (CPPs), hypothesizing that a single ingestion of CPP during glucose loading would improve endothelial function. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a randomized acute clinical intervention study with crossover design and measured reactive hyperemia index (RHI) to assess the acute effects of a 75-g glucose load with CPP in healthy, nondiabetic adult men. Blood glucose and insulin levels were elevated after glucose loading with and without CPP, with no significant differences between treatments. The RHI did not significantly decrease after glucose loading without CPP. With CPP, however, RHI significantly (P < .05) increased over baseline after glucose loading. The difference between treatments was statistically significant (P < .05). No significant changes were observed in an oxidative stress marker after glucose loading with or without CPP. These findings suggest that a single ingestion of CPP improves peripheral endothelial function after glucose loading in healthy subjects. 相似文献
102.
Yoko Matsuda Hisashi Yoshimura Yuh Fukuda Koji Murai Hiroshi Honma Ryuji Ohashi Zenya Naito Toshiyuki Ishiwata 《Pathology international》2014,64(4):173-177
Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is highly lethal. A 74‐year‐old man presented with hematemesis and consciousness loss. He had a long‐term history of hypertension and gout. Computed tomography revealed an aneurysm of the distal descending thoracic aorta, which was treated by insertion of an aortic stent graft. After 24 days of stenting, endoscopic examination revealed an AEF. After 6 months of stenting, he died owing to mediastinitis. On autopsy, macroscopically, we found a 4 × 2.5‐cm, oval, well‐circumscribed AEF. We identified squamous epithelium in the area surrounding the AEF that covered the thoracic aorta inner cavity. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the squamous epithelium in the thoracic aorta was positive for p63 and 34βE12. In conclusion, we encountered a long‐term AEF case with aortic squamous metaplasia. To the best of our knowledge, human aortic metaplasia has never been reported. In the present case, aortic squamous metaplasia retained continuity with the esophageal squamous epithelium; therefore, the migration of the squamous epithelium through the AEF may have been induced by aortic erosion. 相似文献
103.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a thrombohemorrhagic disorder, occurs as a secondary complication in many diseases, but the histopathological features of kidneys in DIC have not been extensively characterized thus far. We reviewed 21 autopsy cases of patients with a clinical diagnosis of DIC and studied the repertoire of renal pathology. Eighteen patients had elevated serum creatinine levels and 15 patients had a variable degree of proteinuria. Underlying disorders included malignant neoplasms in 12 patients, and abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute myocardial infarction, and systemic infections in other patients. Coexistent glomerular pathology, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with different morphological variants, and microthrombi formation, was present in many patients. The microthrombi were histologically similar to that seen in thrombotic microangiopathy, but characteristics associated with DIC were detected by special staining. The presence of FSGS correlated with the degree of urinary protein (P = 0.0044), and the presence of acute tubular injury (ATI) and the extent of global glomerulosclerosis both correlated with serum creatinine levels (P = 0.019 and 0.0003, respectively). FSGS was probably due to endothelial cell damage, another potential etiology for FSGS. Global glomerulosclerosis, a result of previous renal injury, can be a determinant of renal function during the acute phase of DIC. 相似文献
104.
Takahiko Morotomi Chiaki Kitamura Toshinori Okinaga Tatsuji Nishihara Ryuji Sakagami Hisashi Anan 《Archives of oral biology》2014
Objective
Heat shock during restorative procedures can trigger damage to the pulpodentin complex. While severe heat shock has toxic effects, fever-range heat stress exerts beneficial effects on several cells and tissues. In this study, we examined whether continuous fever-range heat stress (CFHS) has beneficial effects on thermotolerance in the rat clonal dental pulp cell line with odontoblastic properties, KN-3.Methods
KN-3 cells were cultured at 41 °C for various periods, and the expression level of several proteins was assessed by Western blot analysis. After pre-heat-treatment at 41 °C for various periods, KN-3 cells were exposed to lethal severe heat shock (LSHS) at 49 °C for 10 min, and cell viability was examined using the MTS assay. Additionally, the expression level of odontoblast differentiation makers in surviving cells was examined by Western blot analysis.Results
CFHS increased the expression levels of several heat shock proteins (HSPs) in KN-3 cells, and induced transient cell cycle arrest. KN-3 cells, not pre-heated or exposed to CFHS for 1 or 3 h, died after exposure to LSHS. In contrast, KN-3 cells exposed to CFHS for 12 h were transiently lower on day 1, but increased on day 3 after LSHS. The surviving cells expressed odontoblast differentiation markers, dentine sialoprotein and dentine matrix protein-1. These results suggest that CFHS for 12 h improves tolerance to LSHS by inducing HSPs expression and cell cycle arrest in KN-3 cells.Conclusions
The appropriate pretreatment with continuous fever-range heat stress can provide protection against lethal heat shock in KN-3 cells. 相似文献105.
106.
Yukisono Suzuki Kazunori Kadota Ryuji Nohara Shunichi Tamaki Hirofumi Kambara Akira Yoshida Tomoyuki Murakami Genta Osakada Chuichi Kawai Nagara Tamaki Takao Mukai Kanji Torizuka 《The American journal of cardiology》1984,53(8):1095-1102
The configuration of the hypertrophied myocardium was evaluated by thallium-201 emission-computed tomography and 2-dimensional (2-D) sector scan in 10 patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), 10 with nonobstructive HC with giant negative T waves and 10 with concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Thallium-201 myocardial imaging was reconstructed into multiple 12-mm-thick slices in 3 planes. The thickness ratio of the ventricular septum and the LV posterior wall in the short-axis plane and the ratio of the ventricular septum and the apical wall in the long-axis plane were analyzed. In the patients with obstructive HC the ventricular septal wall thickness index was increased, and the ratio of septal to posterior wall thickness index (1.45 ± 0.23) was greater than that in the patients with nonobstructive HC with giant negative T waves or in those with concentric LV hypertrophy (1.03 ± 0.20 and 0.98 ± 0.11, respectively; p <0.01 for each). In the patients with nonobstructive HC with giant negative T waves, increased apical wall thickness with apical cavity obliteration was characteristic, and the ratio of ventricular septal to apical wall thickness index (0.66 ± 0.14) was less than that in the patients with obstructive HC or in those with concentric LV hypertrophy (1.46 ± 0.38 and 1.04 ± 0.09, respectively; p <0.001 for each). In contrast, technically satisfactory 2-D sector scanning (83%) demonstrated various configurations of the hypertrophied ventricularseptum, but could not detect apical hypertrophy in 4 of the 10 patients with nonobstructive HC with giant negative T waves whose LV cineangiograms demonstrated apical hypertrophy. Thus, thallium-201 emission-computed tomography is useful in evaluating the characteristics of LV hypertrophy and assists 2-D sector scan, especially in patients with apical hypertrophy in HC. 相似文献
107.
Hideto Kameda Takao Fujii Ayako Nakajima Ryuji Koike Akira Sagawa Katsuaki Kanbe 《Modern rheumatology / the Japan Rheumatism Association》2019,29(1):31-40
Methotrexate (MTX), the anchor drug in the current treatment strategy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was first approved for treatment of RA in Japan in 1999 at the recommended dose of 6–8?mg/week; it was approved as first-line drug with the maximum dose of 16?mg/week in February 2011. However, more than half of Japanese patients with RA are unable to tolerate a dose of 16?mg/week of MTX. Moreover, some serious adverse events during the treatment with MTX, such as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) have been observed much more frequently in Japan than in other countries. Therefore, this article, an abridged English translation summarizing the 2016 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology (JCR) guideline for the use of MTX in Japanese patients with RA, is not intended to be valid for global use; however, it is helpful for the Japanese community of rheumatology and its understanding might be useful to the global community of rheumatology. 相似文献
108.
Daisuke Hiramatsu Yoshito Ogihara Takeshi Matsumoto Kei Sato Akihiro Takasaki Tairo Kurita Ryuji Okamoto Hideo Wada Kaoru Dohi 《Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)》2022,61(3):361
Congenital afibrinogenemia is a rare autosomal recessive blood disorder that accompanies thrombotic complications and is associated with bleeding tendency. The management of these opposing complications remains a challenge. Endovascular treatment (EVT) for peripheral arterial thrombosis has not been described in previous studies. A 57-year-old man with congenital afibrinogenemia developed back pain and left lower leg pain. The cause of the pain was confirmed to be renal infarction and lower extremity arterial thrombosis by Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. He was treated with EVT for the lower extremity arterial thrombosis, leading to an excellent short-term improvement without bleeding. 相似文献
109.
Panicker Jalesh N. Simeoni Sara Miki Yasuo Batla Amit Iodice Valeria Holton Janice L. Sakakibara Ryuji Warner Thomas T. 《Journal of neurology》2020,267(3):659-664
Journal of Neurology - Lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction presents early in multiple system atrophy (MSA), usually initially as urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence, and voiding... 相似文献
110.
Kobayashi H Yoshida R Kanada Y Fukuda Y Yagyu T Inagaki K Kondo T Kurita N Suzuki M Kanayama N Terao T 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》2005,131(8):527-538
Purpose: The Basidiomycete fungus Agaricus blazei Murill has traditionally been used as a health food for the prevention of cancer. Methods: We examined whether beta-(1–6)-D-glucan extracted from A. blazei is a potential anticancer agent in an in vitro and in vivo animal model. Results: Here we show that (1) beta-glucan had cytotoxic effect against human ovarian cancer HRA cells, but not against murine Lewis lung cancer 3LL cells, in vitro; (2) beta-glucan promotes p38 MAPK activity for suppressing HRA cell proliferation and amplifying the apoptosis cascade; (3) beta-glucan stimulates translocation of the proapoptotic protein, Bax, from the cytosol to mitochondria, cytochrome c release, and subsequent caspase-9 activation; (4) treatment with SB203580, a p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor, suppresses beta-glucan-induced effects, indicating that activation of p38 MAPK is involved in the suppression of cell proliferation and mitochondrial activation-mediated cell death pathway; (5) in mice, oral supplementation with beta-glucan reduces pulmonary metastasis of 3LL cells and peritoneal disseminated metastasis of HRA cells and inhibits the growth of these metastatic tumors in lung or peritoneal cavity, in part, by suppressing uPA expression; and (6) in an in vivo experimental metastasis assay, however, the oral supplementation with beta-glucan after i.v. tumor cell inoculation did not reduce the number of lung tumor colonies. Conclusion: Treatment with beta-glucan may be beneficial for cancer patients with or at risk for metastasis. The beta-glucan-dependent signaling pathways are critical for our understanding of anticancer events and development of cancer therapeutic agents. 相似文献