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991.
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993.
This study provides standardized procedures and norms for four perceptual-motor tests and their correlations with readiness/reading in grades K-2. Theoretical constructs and cognitive implications underlying these tasks are discussed. One hundred forty-four normal children in grades K-2 were tested with the Tachistoscope, Divided Form Board, Grooved Pegboard, and Auditory-Visual Integration Test (AVIT), using standardized procedures. Norms including means, standard deviations, ranges of scores, and percentiles were established for each test at each grade level. Except for the AVIT, the correlations between the perceptual tasks and readiness or reading were not only strong in kindergarten, but remained significant in grades 1 and 2. The data suggests that as reading becomes more dependent upon language skills, cognition gradually becomes more dominant. Beyond grade 2, it appears that perception remains a necessary but not a sufficient condition for learning. 相似文献
994.
995.
The authors assessed the validity of the recently proposed diagnosis for specific somatoform disorder in the general population. German versions of the DSM-IV adapted Composite International Diagnostic Interview were administered to a representative sample of 4075 individuals. Multivariate analyses were used to compare impairment, life satisfaction, and use of health care. A total of 803 of 4075 subjects (19.7%) with undifferentiated somatization disorder were identified, which included 51 subjects (1.3%) who met criteria for specific somatoform disorder. Subjects with specific somatoform disorder were more impaired, had lower life satisfaction, and had higher use of health care than subjects with undifferentiated somatization disorder only. The proposed diagnosis of specific somatoform disorder demonstrated a high validity independent of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders. 相似文献
996.
The goal was to determine whether nicotine dependence levels remain consistent or change over three years. From a population- based sample of 4075 residents aged 18-64, drawn at random, data of 696 individuals was used, who had smoked cigarettes for 21 years on average. Nicotine dependence was assessed by the Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) at baseline, and 30 and 36 months later. In addition, nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence were diagnosed according to the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV). We found an increase in the FTND over 36 months. Subgroups were revealed with sustained high, increasing, decreasing, and sustained low rates of the FTND sum score. Male gender, age at onset of smoking 15 years or younger, DSM-IV nicotine dependence, and DSM-IV alcohol dependence at baseline predicted a sustained high FTND. We conclude that nicotine dependence is increasing even after many years of smoking in an adult population sample. 相似文献
997.
BACKGROUND: It has become well known that 'light' cigarettes are deceiving in fostering the attitude that they are 'safer' or less health damaging than regular cigarettes. The goal of this study is to analyse the smoking of 'light' cigarettes according to the progress over the stages of change to stop or reduce smoking. METHODS: A sample representing the general population of a northern German region aged 18 to 64 was drawn (T1, N=4075). 1520 smokers of 'light' and regular cigarettes were identified by a face-to-face interview and reassessed longitudinally by questionnaire 30 months later (T2, n=913). RESULTS: At baseline smokers of 'light' cigarettes, in particular males, were more likely to be contemplators or preparators in terms of smoking cessation. Those who smoked 'light' cigarettes were more likely to have made a quit attempt, were more likely to be female, at younger age, never married, higher educated and less nicotine dependent compared to smokers of regular cigarettes. The follow-up data shows that males who smoked 'light' before or changed to 'light' cigarettes were more likely to contemplate or to prepare quitting, had more often tried a quit attempt and stopped smoking more often. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that 'light' cigarettes especially by males are used for reasons of reducing or quitting smoking. It is concluded that as such they deceive the smoker and potentially hinder the process of reducing or quitting. 相似文献
998.
CD8+ T cells have been implicated in protective anti-tuberculous immune
responses, but little is known about the identity of mycobacterial antigens
recognized by CD8+ T cells. In this study we identified the Mycobacterium
tuberculosis 38 kDa protein as a target for murine CD8+ cytotoxic T
lymphocytes (CTL) which were induced by vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with
DNA delivered with a plasmid, with transfected tumour cells or by infection
with tubercle bacilli. Using overlapping synthetic peptides covering the
whole protein sequence, peptides predicted to contain H-2Kb or H-2Db
motifs, as well as naturally processed peptides, we were able to identify
CTL epitopes. Differences were demonstrated in peptide specificity between
CTL from immunized or M. tuberculosis-infected mice. The identified CTL
epitopes could be important for future analysis of the involvement of CD8+
T cells in M. tuberculosis infections and for vaccine development.
相似文献
999.
Multiple polymorphic sites in factor X locus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hassan HJ; Guerriero R; Chelucci C; Leonardi A; Mattia G; Leone G; Mariani G; Mannucci PM; Peschle C 《Blood》1988,71(5):1353-1356
The structure of factor X (FX) gene was analyzed in five FX deficient pedigrees with four different variants of the disease, as well as in 50 normal subjects. Genomic DNA from the deficient patients and the normal controls was digested with 12 restriction endonucleases and hybridized with a FX cDNA probe. The results seemingly exclude gross gene deletions or rearrangements in the deficient patients. A variety of polymorphic sites (ie, EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, PvuII, TaqI) was observed within the FX locus and their relative frequency was established. Intriguingly, a highly polymorphic region for the PvuII endonuclease was identified and located approximately 3 kilobases (kb) from the last 3' exon. These polymorphisms allowed us to analyze the allelic segregation in a FX deficient family and to identify a homozygous subject. 相似文献
1000.
Lymphocyte depletion of donor bone marrow by counterflow centrifugal elutriation: results of a phase I clinical trial 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Wagner JE; Donnenberg AD; Noga SJ; Cremo CA; Gao IK; Yin HJ; Vogelsang GB; Rowley S; Saral R; Santos GW 《Blood》1988,72(4):1168-1176
We report here the results of a phase I clinical trial using counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE) for the removal of donor T lymphocytes before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Thirty- eight patients received lymphocyte-depleted allografts from HLA- identical, MLR-nonreactive sibling donors. The patients entered onto the study were either at high risk on the basis of age (median, 39 years) or disease status (acute leukemia in early relapse [ER], chronic myelogenous leukemia [CML] in accelerated phase [AP], or therapy resistant [RES] lymphoma). All patients received a standard lymphocyte dose of 1 x 10(6) morphologic lymphocytes per kilogram ideal body weight (BW) and were maintained on cyclosporine A (CsA) for 170 days after BMT. Prompt engraftment occurred in 37 of 38 patients with a median time to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than 500/microL of 18 days. Although acute graft-v-host disease (GVHD; clinical stage I or greater) was observed in 45%, it was limited to the skin in all but five patients. Survival was related to disease status at the time of BMT. Among patients with acute leukemia in first or second remission, CML in chronic phase (CP) or lymphoma in partial remission (PR), 64% are currently alive, in contrast to 31% of patients with acute leukemia in third remission or early relapse, CML in second CP or AP, or RES lymphoma. Median follow-up for all patients was 351 days (range, 105 to 711 days). We conclude that this procedure is safe and warrants further evaluation in a randomized efficacy trial. 相似文献