7-(4,7-二取代香豆素-3-乙酰氨基)头孢菌素的合成

本文根据构效关系,设计并合成了17个7-(4,7-二取代香豆素-3-乙酰氨基)头孢菌素衍生物。其缩合方法采用酰氯法、Vilsmeier试剂法及混合酐法。初步体外抑菌试验表明,化合物对革兰氏阳性菌和少数革兰氏阴性菌有较强的抗菌作用。进一步药理试验尚在进行。     

Epidemiology of pneumococcal disease in children in Germany

Recently published and as yet unpublished data allow a reasonable estimate of the annual burden of pneumococcal disease in Germany. At least 277000 episodes of otitis media and at least 2000 episodes of sinusitis occur in children under the age of 5 y. Pneumococcal meningitis was found in 200 children under the age of 16 y; the estimate for all age groups ranges from 450 to 1100 cases. Of approximately 150000 cases of ambulatory pneumococcal pneumonia, at least 63 000–105000 patients are hospitalized each year.
Conclusion: Further studies of pneumococcal epidemiology in Germany are needed, and continued surveillance will be necessary for a better understanding of the overall burden of pneumococcal disease in children as well as adults.     

Nachtrag zu den Versuchen meiner Schüler Hartogh und Schumm über Phloridzindiabetes und Bemerkungen zum Diabetes mellitus

Ohne ZusammenfassungIch denke an anderer Stelle eingehend auf diese Punkte zurückzukommen.     

Theoretical and methodological considerations in the measurement of spasticity

Purpose: To discuss the measurement of spasticity in the clinical and research environments, make recommendations based on the SPASM reviews of biomechanical, neurophysiological and clinical methods of measuring spasticity and indicate future developments of measurement tools. Method: Using the results of the systematic reviews of the biomechanical, neurophysiological and clinical approaches, methods were evaluated across three dimensions: (1) validity, reliability and sensitivity to change; (2) practical quality such as ease of use and (3) qualities specific to the measurement of spasticity, for example ability to be applied to different muscle groups. Methods were considered in terms of applicability to research and clinical applications. Results: A hierarchy of measurement approaches was identified from highly controlled and more objective (but unrelated to function) to ecologically valid, but less objective and subject to contamination from other variables. The lack of a precise definition of spasticity may account for the problem of developing a valid, reliable and sensitive method of measurement. The reviews have identified that some tests measure spasticity per se, some phenomena associated with spasticity or consequential to it and others the effect of spasticity on activity and participation and independence. Conclusions: Methods appropriate for use in research, particularly into the mechanism of spasticity did not satisfy the needs of the clinician and the need for an objective but clinically applicable tool was identified. A clinical assessment may need to generate more than one 'value' and should include evaluation of other components of the upper motor neurone syndrome. There is therefore a need for standardized protocols for 'best practice' in application of spasticity measurement tools and scales.     

Über den Verlauf der nervösen Erkrankungen nach Eisenbahnunfällen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Hysterie und Unfall

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

243. Die transduodenale Pankreaticoplastik in Verbindung mit Pankreojejunostomie: Früh- und Spätergebnisse

Zusammenfassung Exokrine und endokrine Funktionsminderung sind typische Merkmale der chronischen Pankreatitis. Seit 1982 wurden bei 76 Patienten mit calcifizierender Pankreatitis wegen extrapankreatischer Komplikationen oder Schmerz eine langstreckige Pankreojejunostomie und eine transduodenale Papilloplastik der Wirsungianusmündung durchgeführt. Die Frühletalität betrug 5,3%, die Spätletalität 7,9%. 59 Patienten wurden bei der Erstoperation beschwerdefrei, bei 7 Patienten wurde im Verlauf eine Nachoperation wegen Schmerz erforderlich (0% Letalität); 61 Patienten sind derzeit beschwerdefrei. 32 Patienten haben einen Diabetes mellitus, der bei 13 Patienten bisher mit Insulin behandelt wird. Verlaufskontrollen zeigen eine stabile endokrine Funktion an. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Möglichkeit des Parenchymerhalts bei schwerer chronischer Pankreatitis durch diese Operation auf. Sie erlaubt eine bestmögliche funktionelle Reserve.