Perceived parental rearing,depression and coping behavior

Summary Within the framework of Perris' vulnerability model of psychopathology the relationships between perceived parental rearing and coping behaviour in adulthood have been investigated. Rejecting and punitive rearing practices of both parents seem to contribute to the formation of intrapsychic, emotion-oriented coping strategies. The results indicate that childhood social experiences, in particular, parent-child relations, both directly affect vulnerability to psychopathological manifestations in later life and indirectly influence the conditions through the aquistion of coping strategies.     

Experimental basis of angioinfarction for the treatment of renal hypertension

Collateral circulation and recanalization represent the main problems of organ-ablating renal embolization. Different animal models were used to study the influence of central, peripheral, and capillary occlusion on organ necrosis. The first laboratory experiments were performed to optimize transcatheteral application of the embolization media tested (Gelfoam powder, Histoacryl, Ethibloc). Experiments with the model of a normal rat kidney (n = 400) showed that only capillary embolization homogeneously occluding the entire arterial system resulted in complete organ necrosis, while following central (renal artery ligation) or peripheral (Gelfoam powder) occlusion, areas of intact parenchyma remained. Ethibloc/glucose proved to be the embolization medium best suited for capillary embolization (radiopaque, inert, slow resorption). Studies with the model of unilateral renal hypertension of the rat (n = 146) demonstrated the equivalent therapeutic efficiency on blood pressure of Ethibloc embolization (57% cured, 21% improved) compared to surgical nephrectomy (50% cured, 29% improved), whereas renal artery ligation (85% failed) resulted in minor improvement only. In order to adapt capillary embolization with Ethibloc/glucose to clinical angiographic techniques, we performed angioinfarction of canine kidneys (n = 15): the use of a balloon catheter is mandatory. This guarantees blood stasis during the embolization procedure and avoids embolic reflux. Possible clinical indications of capillary embolization in renal hypertension as a less invasive method are, e.g.: malignant nephrosclerosis; renovascular or glomerulonephritic contracted kidneys, and renal dysplasia. Indications for super-selective vaso-occlusion are renal aneurysms, a-v malformations, and segmental hypoplasia.     

Quality assurance in dynamic radiotherapy techniques

Compared with conventional radiation treatment techniques, quality assurance for dynamic techniques has to consider additionally the variability of the movement parameters of the treatment unit. In this context the exactness and the reliability of the computer control are of special interest. In this paper the results of quality assurance for dynamic treatment techniques are reported. At first investigations concerning the reproducibility are carried out. Another test is the simulation of conventional moving beam techniques by external computer control. Further the differences between measured dose distributions of dynamic techniques and the distributions resulting from the sequence of fixed fields approximating these techniques are determined. Finally we compared measured and calculated dose distributions. The results of the investigations justify the introduction of dynamic radiation treatment techniques into clinical use.     

The role of radiotherapy in endocrine orbitopathy

The treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy is symptomatic because the etiology remains unknown though evidence supports an aberrant immune response. Orbital radiotherapy, combined with corticosteroids, is indicated for rapidly progressive ophthalmopathy and troublesome soft tissue symptoms. In case of sight-threatening manifestations operative decompression is the method of choice. However, radiotherapy seems to be a safe and effective method as a good to excellent response in 60-70% of patients can be expected. The treatment results of 15 patients with a long term follow-up are presented.     

201Tl myocardial imaging in a cardiac rejection episode

Serial myocardial imaging using thallium Tl 201 was performed in the early follow-up of two patients with orthotopic cardiac transplantation. In one patient, non-homogeneous uptake, small defects and an irregular myocardial edge were observed during a moderately acute rejection crisis revealed by endomyocardial biopsy. The abnormal gammagraphic findings and histological changes were coincident and exhibited a parallel reversal. We emphasize the connection between these two events. The mechanisms which could explain these phenomena are discussed.     

Die sonographische Verlaufskontrolle der Callusdistraktion am Unterschenkel Technik,Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

Zusammenfassung. In einer prospektiven Studie wurden 20 Patienten w?hrend der Callusdistraktion am Unterschenkel sonographisch und radiologisch mit einem 7,5-MHz-Schallkopf in vier Ebenen in definierten Zeitabst?nden kontrolliert. Bei allen Patienten war der Corticotomiespalt als schalldurchl?ssige Corticalislücke darstellbar. Durchschnittlich 20,7 (14–28) Tage nach Distraktionsbeginn waren sonographisch echoreiche Strukturen mit dorsaler Schallausl?schung als Zeichen beginnender Regeneratverkalkung nachweisbar. Diese ordneten sich mit weiterer Distraktionsdauer zunehmend in Knochenl?ngsachse an. Radiologisch fanden sich erst durchschnittlich 48,3 Tage nach Distraktionsbeginn erste Zeichen einer Regeneratverkalkung. In der Distraktionsphase war sonographisch eine zuverl?ssige L?ngenbestimmung und damit eine Aussage über den Distraktionsverlauf sowie eine Erkennung von St?rungen der Regeneratbildung bzw. postoperativen H?matomen bei allen Patienten m?glich. Mit zunehmender Durchstrukturierung verringerte sich die sonographische Beurteilbarkeit des Regenerats, so da? eine Einsch?tzung der Belastungssteigerung bzw. Fixateurdemontage nicht allein aufgrund des Sonogramms gestellt werden konnte. Sonographische Untersuchungen des Regenerats sind geeignet, die Strahlenbelastung des Patienten w?hrend der Distraktionsphase zu verringern und Komplikationen frühzeitig zu erkennen.      

2-Methoxypyridin und 2-Methoxychinolin als „inverse”︁ Dienophile gegenüber 3,6-Bis(trifluormethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazin

2-Methoxypyridine and 2-Methoxyquinoline as ?Inverse”? Dienophiles towards 3,6-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine The title compounds 1 and 7 react with tetrazine 2 by two principally different pathways. On the one hand via, [4+2] cycloaddition followed by N₂-elimination and aromatization to yield the annulated pyridazines 3 and 8 , respectively, on the other hand by a novel kind of reaction to the condensed triazoles 5 and 10 .     

Support for School-based Sexuality Education Among South Carolina Voters

ABSTRACT: A random-digit dialed telephone survey was conducted in a traditionally conservative southern state to determine the level of support for sexuality education in the public schools including support for specific sexuality education topics, the earliest grade level at which each topic should be taught, and the amount of instruction time required for sexuality education in the high schools. Survey data were obtained from 534 South Carolina registered voters in late January/early February 1997. Results demonstrated that most South Carolina registered voters: 1) supported sexuality education in the public schools; 2) supported instruction on a variety of sexuality education topics; 3) supported instruction at all grade levels, especially beginning in middle school; and 4) believed instruction time for sexuality education in the high schools should either remain the same or be increased. In addition, a significant increase in support for sexuality education occurred from the beginning of the survey to the end, suggesting that the instrument itself may have served as an educational tool for respondents. The characteristics of registered voters who supported sexuality education at the beginning of the survey and at the end were examined and compared. These results may assist in the development of educational and marketing strategies designed to build support for school-based sexuality education programs in South Carolina and elsewhere205-212)     

Increased Radioiodine Uptake of Thyroid Cell Cultures after External Irradiation

BACKGROUND: Radioiodine uptake (RIU) is one of the main prognostic factors for curative results of radioiodine therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Some days after application of (131)I, the uptake of a subsequent administration of radioiodine was found to be reduced. In contrast, early after irradiation with high-energy photons glucose and amino acid uptake were observed to be increased. Effects of external irradiation on RIU of thyrocytes using high-energy photons have not been investigated so far. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two different cell lines (FRTL-5 and ML-1 cells) derived from thyroid tissue were studied in vitro. Cell lines were either incubated with (131)I only (controls) or additionally irradiated with single doses of 6 or 10 Gy of high-energy photons using a linear accelerator. Cell number and RIU were determined 24-96 h after (131)I application. RIU measurements were repeated after application of sodium perchlorate in excess to investigate specificity of the uptake. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests. RESULTS: Incubation with radioiodine as well as irradiation with high-energy photons slowed down proliferation in investigated cell lines significantly. Irradiation with solely (131)I resulted in stable or slightly decreased iodide uptake. Compared to those cells, the RIU increased significantly in externally irradiated cells, i. e., additional irradiation with 10 Gy resulted in an almost threefold increase of RIU in FRTL-5 after 72 h. The increase of RIU after irradiation was dose-dependent in both cell lines and could be blocked by perchlorate excess. CONCLUSION: It could be demonstrated that external irradiation increases RIU in thyroid cell cultures early after irradiation. The increase was dose-dependent and specific, as it could be blocked by perchlorate. This effect appears to be similar to the increase of other actively transported substances after irradiation with high-energy photons. Therefore, the results of this study may contribute to the knowledge of a generalized irradiation-induced mechanism which causes the activation of different cellular transporters. The clinical impact of these findings on combined therapy concepts has to be investigated in further experiments.