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991.
Fosados R McClain A Ritt-Olson A Sussman S Soto D Baezconde-Garbanati L Unger JB 《Addictive behaviors》2007,32(12):2990-3004
This article reports on the associations between acculturation and substance use among 198 ninth-grade Southern California adolescents (mean age=13.8 years). Substance use measures included 30-day (current) and lifetime use of alcohol and other drugs. Acculturation was measured using the Acculturation, Habits, and Interests Multicultural Scale for Adolescents (AHIMSA) acculturation scale, a multi-dimensional acculturation scale yielding four acculturation strategy scores. Linear regression analyses evaluated the association between acculturation on alcohol and drug use, adjusting for several covariates. Results revealed that the assimilation acculturation strategy was significantly, but negatively associated with current alcohol use, especially among males. The separation acculturation strategy was significantly and positively associated with current alcohol use, especially among females. Marginalization was associated with greater risk for lifetime alcohol and drug use, especially among males, and a greater risk of current drug use among females. The social influence covariates were predictive of both current and lifetime alcohol and drug use. Future studies should incorporate multidimensional acculturation scales in adolescent substance use to understand how different acculturation strategies impact different populations. 相似文献
992.
Samões Beatriz Guimarães da Fonseca Diogo Beirão Tiago Costa Flávio Vieira Romana Terroso Georgina Ferreira Raquel Miriam Nicolau Rafaela Saraiva André Salvador Maria João Duarte Ana Catarina Cordeiro Ana Vilas-Boas João Paulo Genrinho Inês Bento da Silva Ana Gago Laura Resende Catarina Martins Patricia Madeira Nathalie Dinis Sara Couto Maura Santos Inês Araújo Filipe Mourão Ana Filipa Gomes Guerra Miguel Oliveira Margarida Daniel Alexandra Rodrigues Marília Dantas Soares Catarina Parente Hugo Furtado Carolina Fontes Tomás Abelha-Aleixo Joana 《Clinical rheumatology》2023,42(8):2125-2134
Clinical Rheumatology - The study aims to define the clinical and subclinical calcinosis prevalence, the sensitivity of radiographed site and clinical method for its diagnosis, and the phenotype of... 相似文献
993.
Edmunds Sarah R. Colman Carly Vidal Paige Faja Susan 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2022,52(4):1872-1880
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Deficits in working memory have not been fully explored in toddlers and preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated... 相似文献
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Lorena VM Verçosa AF Machado RC Moitinho-Silva L Cavalcanti MG Silva ED Ferreira AG Correa-Oliveira R Pereira VR Gomes YM 《Journal of clinical laboratory analysis》2008,22(2):91-98
We propose to analyze the relation between the cellular immune response of Chagas' disease patients after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with recombinant antigens cytoplasmatic repetitive antigen (CRA) or flagellar repetitive antigen (FRA) of T. cruzi and the chronic clinical forms of disease. Cells were stimulated using phytohemagglutinin, CRA, FRA, or a soluble antigen of Epimastigota (Ag-Epi) for 24 hr, 72 hr, or 6 days. The proliferation of cells was evaluated after 6 days of culture by quantification of incorporated 3H-thymidine. Cytokines were measured in the supernatants obtained after 24 hr (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha and interleukin [IL]-4), 72 hr (IL-10), and 6 days (interferon [IFN]-gamma) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cells of the Chagas patients stimulated with the recombinant antigens exhibited higher proliferation responses compared with that of non-Chagas (NC) individuals. However, when proliferation was compared between patients with the cardiac form (CF) or indeterminate form (IF), it was not possible to establish a difference in the response. So far as the cytokines secreted in the culture supernatants after stimulation in vitro with T. cruzi antigens were concerned, the results showed that CRA, as well as Epi-Ag, were able to stimulate the production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in Chagas patients as compared with NC individuals. However, the cytokine levels after stimulation with the T. cruzi antigens were not different between the patients with CF and IF. CRA was capable of inducing a T helper type 1 (Th1) immune response, with elevated production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in Chagas patients that are carriers of CF and IF clinical forms. 相似文献
996.
Lessa MA Araújo CV Kaplan MA Pimenta D Figueiredo MR Tibiriçá E 《Fundamental & clinical pharmacology》2008,22(2):161-168
The antihypertensive action of a crude ethanolic extract (EEEG) from leaves of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Alismataceae) was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The intraperitoneal injection of increasing doses of EEEG (300-1000 mg/kg) elicited dose-dependent reductions in mean arterial pressure (MAP) that were paralleled by reductions of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, reaching the maximum of 23 +/- 5%, 13 +/- 3% and 18 +/- 4%, respectively (n = 5, P < 0.05). Comparable reductions of MAP were obtained upon i.v. administration of EEEG (3-100 mg/kg), reaching the maximum decrease of 51 +/- 6% (n = 7; P < 0.001). The blockade of nitric oxide synthesis significantly reduced the hypotension induced by i.v. administration of EEEG. Moreover, the pre-treatment of the animals with a selective antagonist of cholinergic muscarinic receptors or of platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptors partially blunted the cardiovascular effects of EEEG. The i.v. pre-treatment with the selective B(2) bradykinin receptor antagonist HOE 140 or with indomethacin, an inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, did not prevent the hypotensive effects induced by EEEG. Finally, the chronic oral treatment with EEEG presented a significant antihypertensive effect that was comparable to that of reference antihypertensive drugs currently used to treat arterial hypertension. It is concluded that EEEG elicits significant acute antihypertensive effects through the release of nitric oxide and the stimulation of cholinergic muscarinic and PAF receptors. Moreover, our results suggest that EEEG may be appropriate to chronic oral treatment of arterial hypertension. 相似文献
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Meyer RM 《Journal of advanced nursing》2008,63(1):104-112
Title. Span of management: concept analysis Aim. This paper is a report of a concept analysis of span of management. Background. Span of management is an important structural variable in evaluating the contributions of nursing managers to healthcare systems. Span of management is typically measured as a ratio. A wide variety of operational definitions have been applied and these differences have not been reconciled. Data sources. A search of CINAHL, PsychINFO and Business Source Premier was completed in 2007 using the terms span of management, span of control, organizational structure, hierarchy, supervisory ratio and work group size. Key publications (1975–2007) and seminal works were included. Review methods. Morse’s concept analysis approach was used to determine the pragmatic utility of the concept. A critical appraisal of the literature assessed the use of the concept across disciplines, identified inconsistencies within the concept, and uncovered assumptions and conceptual gaps. Findings. At the organizational level, span represents supervisory capability. At the level of the manager, span may reflect reporting structure, closeness of contact, or scope of the role. At the work group level, span quantifies work group size. At the employee level, span represents employee support. These measures are influenced by units of measurement and by context. Conclusion. A systematic understanding of span of management concepts, measures and determinants will assist nurse executives in selecting parameters to quantify the allocation of managerial resources. Researchers can incorporate these parameters in comparisons across studies and in advancing the science of nursing management. 相似文献