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91.
Ambient air pollution and pregnancy outcomes: a review of the literature 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Over the last decade or so, a large number of studies have investigated the possible adverse effects of ambient air pollution on birth outcomes. We reviewed these studies, which were identified by a systematic search of the main scientific databases. Virtually all reviewed studies were population based, with information on exposure to air pollution derived from routine monitoring sources. Overall, there is evidence implicating air pollution in adverse effects on different birth outcomes, but the strength of the evidence differs between outcomes. The evidence is sufficient to infer a causal relationship between particulate air pollution and respiratory deaths in the postneonatal period. For air pollution and birth weight the evidence suggests causality, but further studies are needed to confirm an effect and its size and to clarify the most vulnerable period of pregnancy and the role of different pollutants. For preterm births and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) the evidence as yet is insufficient to infer causality, but the available evidence justifies further studies. Molecular epidemiologic studies suggest possible biologic mechanisms for the effect on birth weight, premature birth, and IUGR and support the view that the relation between pollution and these birth outcomes is genuine. For birth defects, the evidence base so far is insufficient to draw conclusions. In terms of exposure to specific pollutants, particulates seem the most important for infant deaths, and the effect on IUGR seems linked to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but the existing evidence does not allow precise identification of the different pollutants or the timing of exposure that can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes. 相似文献
92.
Air pollution and lymphocyte phenotype proportions in cord blood 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hertz-Picciotto I Herr CE Yap PS Dostál M Shumway RH Ashwood P Lipsett M Joad JP Pinkerton KE Srám RJ 《Environmental health perspectives》2005,113(10):1391-1398
Effects of air pollution on morbidity and mortality may be mediated by alterations in immune competence. In this study we examined short-term associations of air pollution exposures with lymphocyte immunophenotypes in cord blood among 1,397 deliveries in two districts of the Czech Republic. We measured fine particulate matter < 2.5 microm in diameter (PM2.5) and 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 24-hr samples collected by versatile air pollution samplers. Cord blood samples were analyzed using a FACSort flow cytometer to determine phenotypes of CD3+ T-lymphocytes and their subsets CD4+ and CD8+, CD19+ B-lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. The mothers were interviewed regarding sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, and medical records were abstracted for obstetric, labor and delivery characteristics. During the period 1994 to 1998, the mean daily ambient concentration of PM2.5 was 24.8 microg/m3 and that of PAHs was 63.5 ng/m3. In multiple linear regression models adjusted for temperature, season, and other covariates, average PAH or PM2.5 levels during the 14 days before birth were associated with decreases in T-lymphocyte phenotype fractions (i.e., CD3+ CD4+, and CD8+), and a clear increase in the B-lymphocyte (CD19+) fraction. For a 100-ng/m3 increase in PAHs, which represented approximately two standard deviations, the percentage decrease was -3.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), -5.6 to -1.0%] for CD3+, -3.1% (95% CI, -4.9 to -1.3%) for CD4+, and -1.0% (95% CI, -1.8 to -0.2%) for CD8+ cells. The corresponding increase in the CD19+ cell proportion was 1.7% (95% CI, 0.4 to 3.0%). Associations were similar but slightly weaker for PM2.5. Ambient air pollution may influence the relative distribution of lymphocyte immunophenotypes of the fetus. 相似文献
93.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with subacute and chronic spinal cord injury 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Syková E Homola A Mazanec R Lachmann H Konrádová SL Kobylka P Pádr R Neuwirth J Komrska V Vávra V Stulík J Bojar M 《Cell transplantation》2006,15(8-9):675-687
Stem cell transplants into spinal cord lesions may help to improve regeneration and spinal cord function. Clinical studies are necessary for transferring preclinical findings from animal experiments to humans. We investigated the transplantation of unmanipulated autologous bone marrow in patients with transversal spinal cord injury (SCI) with respect to safety, therapeutic time window, implantation strategy, method of administration, and functional improvement. We report data from 20 patients with complete SCI who received transplants 10 to 467 days postinjury. The follow-up examinations were done at 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation by two independent neurologists using standard neurological classification of SCI, including the ASIA protocol, the Frankel score, the recording of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials, and MRI evaluation of lesion size. We compared intra-arterial (via catheterization of a. vertebralis) versus intravenous administration of all mononuclear cells in groups of acute (10-30 days post-SCI, n=7) and chronic patients (2-17 months postinjury, n=13). Improvement in motor and/or sensory functions was observed within 3 months in 5 of 6 patients with intra-arterial application, in 5 of 7 acute, and in 1 of 13 chronic patients. Our case study shows that the implantation of autologous bone marrow cells appears to be safe, as there have been no complications following implantation to date (11 patients followed up for more than 2 years), but longer follow-ups are required to determine that implantation is definitively safe. Also, we cannot yet confirm that the observed beneficial effects were due to the cell therapy. However, the outcomes following transplantation in acute patients, and in one chronic patient who was in stable condition for several months prior to cell implantation, are promising. It is evident that transplantation within a therapeutic window of 3-4 weeks following injury will play an important role in any type of stem cell SCI treatment. Trials involving a larger population of patients and different cell types are needed before further conclusions can be drawn. 相似文献
94.
95.
Pozler O Maly J Bonova O Dedek P Frühauf P Havlickova A Janatova T Jimramovsky F Klimova L Klusacek D Kocourkova D Kolek A Kotalova R Marx D Nevoral J Petro R Petru O Plasilova I Seidl Z Sekyrova I Semendak N Schreierova I Stanek J Sykora J Sulakova A Toukalkova L Travnickova R Volf V Zahradnicek L Zenisková I 《Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition》2006,42(2):186-189
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the pediatric population that suffered from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Czech Republic and to determine the incidence of Crohn disease (CD) in children up to 15 years age between 1990 and 2001. METHODS: Diagnostic criteria for CD, ulcerative colitis (UC), and indeterminate colitis (IC) were defined. Medical records provided a source of basic information about the children. A standardized protocol was filled out and sent to the coordinator of the study. All protocols were checked to see whether the data corresponded to the defined criteria and then were processed further. The study was retrospective in character for the years 1990 to 1999 and prospective for the years 2000 and 2001. RESULTS: Diagnostic criteria were met in 470 patients with IBD; 201 of them turned 18 years old during the study period. CD was diagnosed in 223 patients. The incidence of CD in children up to 15 years of age increased from 0.25/100,000 in 1990 to 1.25/100,000 in 2001. Eighty-two percent of children with CD were treated with aminosalicylates in combination with corticosteroids; 29% of patients received azathioprine. Severe growth retardation was recorded in 6.4% of adolescents with CD at the age of 18. UC was diagnosed in 202 patients. Therapy with aminosalicylates only was sufficient for control of the disease in 23% patients; 68% children were treated with corticosteroids, 15 of them (23% of the whole group) received additional azathioprine. Criteria for IC were met in 9.8% of all patients with IBD. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed an increase in incidence of CD in children younger than 15 years in the Czech Republic. 相似文献
96.
Samantha E. Adamson Rachael Griffiths Radim Moravec Subramanian Senthivinayagam Garren Montgomery Wenshu Chen Jenny Han Poonam R. Sharma Garrett R. Mullins Stacey A. Gorski Jonathan A. Cooper Alexandra Kadl Kyle Enfield Thomas J. Braciale Thurl E. Harris Norbert Leitinger 《The Journal of clinical investigation》2016,126(4):1311-1322
Acute and chronic tissue injury results in the generation of a myriad of environmental cues that macrophages respond to by changing their phenotype and function. This phenotypic regulation is critical for controlling tissue inflammation and resolution. Here, we have identified the adaptor protein disabled homolog 2 (DAB2) as a regulator of phenotypic switching in macrophages. Dab2 expression was upregulated in M2 macrophages and suppressed in M1 macrophages isolated from both mice and humans, and genetic deletion of Dab2 predisposed macrophages to adopt a proinflammatory M1 phenotype. In mice with myeloid cell–specific deletion of Dab2 (Dab2fl/flLysm-Cre), treatment with sublethal doses of LPS resulted in increased proinflammatory gene expression and macrophage activation. Moreover, chronic high-fat feeding exacerbated adipose tissue inflammation, M1 polarization of adipose tissue macrophages, and the development of insulin resistance in DAB2-deficient animals compared with controls. Mutational analyses revealed that DAB2 interacts with TNF receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and attenuates IκB kinase β–dependent (IKKβ-dependent) phosphorylation of Ser536 in the transactivation domain of NF-κB p65. Together, these findings reveal that DAB2 is critical for controlling inflammatory signaling during phenotypic polarization of macrophages and suggest that manipulation of DAB2 expression and function may hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. 相似文献
97.
Miroslav Dostal Jan Topinka Radim J. Sram 《International journal of public health》2010,55(5):435-441
Objectives
To compare the morbidity of 66 Roma and 466 non-Roma children born and living in a diffused type of habitation in the district of Teplice. 相似文献98.
99.
Mesrur Selcuk Silay Lisette Hoen Josine Quadackaers Shabnam Undre Guy Bogaert Hasan Serkan Dogan Radim Kocvara Rien J.M. Nijman Christian Radmayr Serdar Tekgul Raimund Stein 《European urology》2019,75(3):448-461
Context
The benefits and harms of intervention (surgical or radiological) versus observation in children and adolescents with varicocele are controversial.Objective
To systematically evaluate the evidence regarding the short- and long-term outcomes of varicocele treatment in children and adolescents.Evidence acquisition
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. A priori protocol was registered to PROSPERO (CRD42018084871), and a literature search was performed for all relevant publications published from January 1980 until June 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), nonrandomized comparative studies (NRSs), and single-arm case series including a minimum of 50 participants were eligible for inclusion.Evidence synthesis
Of 1550 articles identified, 98 articles including 16 130 patients (7–21 yr old) were eligible for inclusion (12 RCTs, 47 NRSs, and 39 case series). Varicocele treatment improved testicular volume (mean difference 1.52 ml, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73–2.31) and increased total sperm concentration (mean difference 25.54, 95% CI 12.84–38.25) when compared with observation. Open surgery and laparoscopy may have similar treatment success. A significant decrease in hydrocele formation was observed in lymphatic sparing versus non–lymphatic sparing surgery (p = 0.02). Our findings are limited by the heterogeneity of the published data, and a lack of long-term outcomes demonstrating sperm parameters and paternity rates.Conclusions
Moderate evidence exists on the benefits of varicocele treatment in children and adolescents in terms of testicular volume and sperm concentration. Current evidence does not demonstrate superiority of any of the surgical/interventional techniques regarding treatment success. Long-term outcomes including paternity and fertility still remain unknown.Patient summary
In this paper, we review benefits and harms of varicocele treatment in children and adolescents. We found moderate evidence that varicocele treatment results in improvement of testicular volume and sperm concentration. Lymphatic sparing surgery decreases hydrocele formation. Paternity and fertility outcomes are not clear. 相似文献100.
Health impact of air pollution to children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Radim J. Sram Blanka Binkova Miroslav Dostal Michaela Merkerova-Dostalova Helena Libalova Alena Milcova Pavel Rossner Jr. Andrea Rossnerova Jana Schmuczerova Vlasta Svecova Jan Topinka Hana Votavova 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2013,216(5):533-540
Health impact of air pollution to children was studied over the last twenty years in heavily polluted parts of the Czech Republic during. The research program (Teplice Program) analyzed these effects in the polluted district Teplice (North Bohemia) and control district Prachatice (Southern Bohemia). 相似文献