Obstructive and restrictive spirometric patterns: fixed cut-offs for FEV1/FEV6 and FEV6.

The purpose of this study was to determine fixed cut-off points for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1))/FEV(6) and FEV(6) as an alternative for FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and FVC in the detection of obstructive and restrictive spirometric patterns, respectively. For the study, a total of 11,676 spirometric examinations, which took place on Caucasian subjects aged between 20-80 yrs, were analysed. Receiver-operator characteristic curves were used to determine the FEV(1)/FEV(6) ratio and FEV(6) value that corresponded to the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity, compared with the commonly used fixed cut-off term for FEV(1)/FVC and FVC. The data from the current study indicate that FEV(1)/ FEV(6) <73% and FEV(6) <82% predicted can be used as a valid alternative for the FEV(1)/FVC <70% and FVC <80% pred cut-off points for the detection of obstruction and restriction, respectively. The statistical analysis demonstrated very good, overall, agreement between the two categorisation schemes. For the spirometric diagnosis of airway obstruction (prevalence of 45.9%), FEV(1)/FEV(6) sensitivity and specificity were 94.4 and 93.3%, respectively; the positive and negative predictive values were 92.2 and 95.2%, respectively. For the spirometric detection of a restrictive pattern (prevalence of 14.9%), FEV(6) sensitivity and specificity were 95.9 and 98.6%, respectively; the positive and negative predictive values were 92.2 and 99.3%, respectively. This study demonstrates that forced expiratory volume in one second/forced expiratory volume in six seconds <73% and forced expiratory volume in six seconds <82% predicted, can be used as valid alternatives to forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity <70% and forced vital capacity <80% predicted, as fixed cut-off terms for the detection of an obstructive or restrictive spirometric pattern in adults.     

Subjective leisure experiences of older Australians

Background:  Previous studies into leisure have employed methodologies that may understate the significance of experiential components. This exploratory study investigated the leisure experiences of retired Australians over 65 years of age.
Methods:  Five semistructured interviews were used to explore the leisure experience of older people from metropolitan Adelaide. Data were coded and analysed thematically.
Results:  Relaxation and engrossment emerged as commonly expressed experiences, yet were found to emerge as a result of engagement in occupations predefined as leisure. Experiences of freedom from both necessary duties and a sense of obligation were discussed as potential determinants of leisure consciousness.
Practice implications:  This study highlights a need for therapists to actively access clients' subjective leisure experiences to enable engagement in personally meaningful leisure occupations.     

Ex Vivo Application of Carbon Monoxide in University of Wisconsin Solution to Prevent Intestinal Cold Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct of heme catalysis, was shown to have potent cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. In vivo recipient CO inhalation at low concentrations prevented ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with small intestinal transplantation (SITx). This study examined whether ex vivo delivery of CO in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution could ameliorate intestinal I/R injury. Orthotopic syngenic SITx was performed in Lewis rats after 6 h cold preservation in control UW or UW that was bubbled with CO gas (0.1-5%) (CO-UW). Recipient survival with intestinal grafts preserved in 5%, but not 0.1%, CO-UW improved to 86.7% (13/15) from 53% (9/17) with control UW. At 3 h after SITx, grafts stored in 5% CO-UW showed improved intestinal barrier function, less mucosal denudation and reduced inflammatory mediator upregulation compared to those in control UW. Preservation in CO-UW associated with reduced vascular resistance (end preservation), increased graft cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels (1 h), and improved graft blood flow (1 h). Protective effects of CO-UW were reversed by ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase. In vitro culture experiment also showed better preservation of vascular endothelial cells with CO-UW. The study suggests that ex vivo CO delivery into UW solution would be a simple and innovative therapeutic strategy to prevent transplant-induced I/R injury.     

Replacement of deciduous incisors in children: psychological aspects]

The absence of the temporary incisors could be to a genetic illness or to some multiple premature extractions. These extractions are the aftermaths of the carious lesions or some traumatisms underwent by the temporary incisors. Beyond measure the loss of the space, the premature loss some temporary incisors very often assign the relational development of the child and disturb its psychological development and the aesthetic function. Across some cases clinics, the authors show that the replacement of the temporary incisors is the therapeutic ideal solution. Indeed, the child prosthesis, replacing the temporary absent incisors, solves the psychological, aesthetic and relational problems of the child.     

Bifid mandibular canal.

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and characteristics of bifid mandibular canals. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed using panoramic radiographs of 2012 patients subjected to dental treatment in the Dental Clinic of the Valencia University Dental School (Valencia, Spain) between 1996 and 1999. The goal was to investigate the presence of double mandibular canals. RESULTS: The extraoral panoramic radiographs revealed a total of 7 images suggestive of bifid canals. Mandibular computed tomography revealed the existence of this anatomic variant in 2 of 3 patients. An analysis was performed on the incidence of this type of image in extraoral panoramic radiography, its possible interpretations, and the clinical implications of bifid mandibular canals. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 0.35% of canals were bifid. All cases were in women.     

Modifying integra as a regeneration template in deep tissue planes.

Contour defects resulting in deformity caused by lack of tissue can be improved by conventional surgery using autologous tissue, but there is always a donor site morbidity. Integra has been available since the early 1980's for use in acute burns and more recently in reconstruction. It has been shown histologically to act as a tissue regeneration template. The regenerated dermis is buried under an autologous thin split-skin graft. In this study, the principle of burying Integra (without the silicone layer) has been applied to deep tissue defects in 12 reconstructive cases. Such regenerated tissues survive at least 3 years after burying. Modification to the technique to avoid visible edges are being developed.     

Predictive factors of stroke in patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting: statins are protective.

BACKGROUND: Despite major improvement in surgical techniques and intensive care management, stroke remains one of the most devastating complications of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We aimed to determine factors predicting the occurrence of stroke during CABG. A special interest was focused on preoperative therapies. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 810 consecutive candidates for CABG alone in a specific database, including all pre- and perioperative data (history, clinical, therapeutic, cardiac catheterization, surgical and intensive care data). Univariate tests and then multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine independent predictive factors. RESULTS: During the first postoperative month, stroke occurred in 11 cases and transient ischemic attack (TIA) in 4 additive cases (cumulative rate: 1.85%). After the multivariate analysis, the following factors remained significant (p<0.05) in the predictive model, with corresponding odds ratios between brackets: redo cardiac surgery (7.45), unstable cardiac status (4.74), past history of cerebrovascular disease (4.14), past history of peripheral arterial disease (3.55), whereas the presence of preoperative statins was protective (0.24, 95% IC: 0.07-0.78). The addition of perioperative data (aortic calcification, postoperative arrhythmia, on/off-pump surgery) did not change the final predictive model. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first real-world observational report highlighting the interest of statins for the prevention of stroke in the very special situation of CABG. Even though according to randomized trials coronary patients have a benefit from these drugs, a special level of interest should be directed towards those presenting the above-mentioned risk factors.     

2型糖尿病患者脂蛋白（a）水平、载脂蛋白（a）多态性和冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度的关系

背景:针对糖尿病患者Lp(a)水平和冠状动脉疾病(CAD)严重程度之间关系的研究较少并且结论有争议。另外,目前尚无关于apo(a)多态性与上述疾病关系的研究。本研究旨在探讨大样本2型糖尿病患者中冠状动脉粥样硬化的程度与Lp(a)水平及apo(a)多态性的相关性。方法:连续选取227例2型糖