推进全球公共卫生治理建设的挑战与思考

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情极大威胁了人类健康和全球公共卫生安全,严重破坏了各国的卫生健康系统,加剧了全球卫生健康的系统性不公平,进而导致了可持续发展目标进展缓慢甚至逆转,由此凸显了推进全球公共卫生治理建设的紧迫性。目前,全球公共卫生治理面临诸多挑战,如治理共同体的理念尚未得到普遍共识,治理结构的领导权威缺位,治理机制的效率低下,公共卫生信息监测系统的数字鸿沟明显等。为此,建议从以下5个方面推进全球公共卫生治理建设：加快构建人类卫生健康命运共同体,加快全球公共卫生治理机制的构建和完善,确保全球公共卫生产品供给的公平和可及,重塑全球公共卫生治理结构的领导体系,弥合全球公共卫生信息监测能力的差距。     

科技期刊邮件推送的用户调研与策略分析

【目的】 从读者和期刊两方面进行调研,对比分析科技期刊通过邮件推送进行宣传,从而促进学术成果有效传播,增强用户黏性的策略,为我国科技期刊宣传提供参考。【方法】 通过问卷调查、实例调研、案例分析及对比,分析不同做法对邮件推送结果的影响,给出优化的方法和建议。【结果】 问卷调研结果反映的用户需求与同行期刊和中国激光杂志社邮件推送实例的分析结果相互印证。科技期刊在进行邮件推送时,要先了解邮件推送目标用户的需求,并根据需求对邮件推送活动进行合理优化。【结论】 精准性是邮件推送工作首先要考虑的因素;合适的主题、时效性强、恰当的推送频率也是推送工作需注意的要素。     

当归香豆酸-3-羟化酶基因ASC3H的克隆及表达模式与阿魏酸含量相关性分析

目的：对当归中香豆酸-3-羟化酶基因（C3H）全长进行克隆,进行生物信息学与基因表达模式分析,结合当归根不同组织部位阿魏酸的含量,推测ASC3H基因功能。方法：基于前期转录组测序结果,通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）克隆全长cDNA序列,运用生物信息学方法分析该序列特征,并利用Real-time PCR和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分别测定当归不同组织中ASC3H基因表达量及阿魏酸含量。结果：克隆获得当归ASC3H全长基因（登录号MN2550298）,开放阅读框（ORF）长度为1 530 bp,编码509个氨基酸,理论相对分子质量为57.86 kDa,等电点8.36,为不含信号肽的亲水性不稳定蛋白,定位于叶绿体中,有跨膜区,具有多个磷酸化位点,含有细胞色素P450的保守结构域CGYDWPKGYGPIINVW＿P450(383～399 aa);多重氨基酸序列比对分析结果显示ASC3H与其他植物的C3H基因具有较高相似性,并与同科植物大阿米芹的同源性最高;Real-time PCR结果显示ASC3H基因在当归不同组织的表达量不同;HPLC结果表明阿魏酸成分在当归根...     

2008-2018年云南省人间布鲁菌病流行特征及灰色GM(1,1)模型预测

目的分析云南省布鲁菌病(简称布病)流行特征,建立灰色GM(1,1)模型,预测云南省布病病情。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统和云南省统计局2008-2018年云南省布病疫情数据和人口资料,分析布病流行病学特征(包括时间、地区、人群分布),并以灰色GM(1,1)模型进行建模,预测2019、2020年云南省布病发病率。结果2008-2018年云南省共报告布病病例1216例,年均发病率为0.2374/10万,呈逐年递增趋势(χ²趋势=843.34,P<0.01)。病例报告主要集中在3-9月份,占总病例数的69.41%(844/1216)。病例报告数居前5位的州市分别为红河州(289例)、曲靖市(264例)、昆明市(258例)、大理州(160例)、玉溪市(134例),占总病例数的90.87%(1105/1216)。职业以农民为主,占79.03%(961/1216)。建立灰色GM(1,1)模型预测2019、2020年云南省布病发病率分别为0.4876/10万和0.4817/10万。结论云南省布病发病较以往上升,应对重点地区、重点人群进行针对性防控,并对预测结果进行前瞻性评价,逐步完善云南省布病预测模型。     

我国31家省级中医院医生福利待遇满意度及人口学影响因素研究

目的调查我国省级中医院医生福利待遇满意度及人口学影响因素。方法选取全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）31家省级中医院医生进行福利待遇满意度问卷调查。采用SPSS 25.0 软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果被调查中医院医生过去1 a税后实际收入中位数为12万元。薪酬、法定假期、学习深造、餐食、休息室数量满意度分别为27.83%、33.56%、58.67%、44.30%、69.84%。性别、年龄、行政职务是薪酬满意度影响因素,性别、学历、职称、科室和行政职务是法定假期满意度影响因素,性别、年龄、学历和行政职务是学习深造满意度影响因素,性别、学历、职称、科室和行政职务是餐食满意度影响因素,性别、职称、科室和行政职务是休息室数量满意度影响因素。结论被调查中医院医生福利待遇整体情况呈向好趋势,但实际收入不高,薪酬满意度较低。中医院应积极落实国家相关政策要求,根据不同人口学特征医生不同需求,多途径提高医生福利待遇。     

国产辛伐他汀调脂疗效的多中心随机对照临床试验

目的　了解国产辛伐他汀 ( SS)的调脂疗效。方法　以默沙东生产的舒降之为对照 ,进行多中心随机对照临床观察。将 16 0例高脂血症患者随机分为试验组 (国产 SS,A组 )、对照组 (进口 SS,舒降之 ,B组 )和开放组 (国产 SS,C组 ) ,其中 A、B组为单盲。每例受试者均于每日晚餐后口服 SS10 mg,疗程 8周 ,且保持受试前的饮食和生活习惯不变。分别于受试后的 4周和 8周随访。结果　完成试验 15 5例 ,脱落 5例 (均因病员不合作 )。疗程4周时 ,A、B、C三组的血总胆固醇 ( TC)分别下降 16 .88%、19.2 3%和 14.10 % ,血甘油三酯 ( TG)分别下降19.2 7%、15 .6 6 %和 17.96 % ,HDL- C分别升高 7.6 9%、7.46 %和 6 .6 9% ,L DL- C分别下降 2 3.0 %、2 7.84%和2 4.43% ,三组间比较无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5 )。疗程 8周时 ,A、B、C三组的 TC分别下降 2 5 .0 3%、2 6 .5 3%和2 5 .2 2 % ,TG分别下降 2 3.85 %、2 4.74%和 2 4.75 % ;HDL- C分别升高 9.2 3%、8.95 %和 8.89% ,L DL- C分别下降33.72 %、35 .5 0 %和 30 .99% ,三组间比较也无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5 )。不良反应主要为消化道症状 ,其发生率 A、B、C三组分别为 2 0 .34 %、2 2 .81%和 17.95 % ,三组间无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5 )。 4周与 8周时比较 ,8周的疗效呈     

The prognostic value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio on the long-term renal survival in patients with IgA nephropathy

Purpose

Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was established showing the poor prognosis in several diseases, such as malignancies and cardiovascular diseases. But limited study has been conducted about the prognostic value of PLR on the long-term renal survival of patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN).

Methods

We performed an observational cohort study enrolling patients with biopsy-proven IgAN recorded from November 2011 to March 2016. The definition of composite endpoint was eGFR decrease by 50%, eGFR?<?15 mL/min/1.73 m², initiation of dialysis, or renal transplantation. Patients were categorized by the magnitude of PLR tertiles into three groups. The Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox models were performed to determine the association of PLR with the renal survival of IgAN patients.

Results

330 patients with a median age of 34.0 years were followed for a median of 47.4 months, and 27 patients (8.2%) had reached the composite endpoints. There were no differences among the three groups (PLR?<?106, 106?≤?PLR?≤?137, and PLR?>?137) in demographic characteristics, mean arterial pressure (MAP), proteinuria, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline. The Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the PLR?>?137 group was significantly more likely to poor renal outcomes than the other two groups. Using univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses, we found that PLR?>?137 was an independent prognostic factor for poor renal survival in patients with IgAN. Subgroup analysis revealed that the PLR remained the prognostic value for female patients or patients with eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m².

Conclusions

Our results underscored that baseline PLR was an independent prognostic factor for poor renal survival in patients with IgAN, especially for female patients or those patients with baseline eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m².

     

Incomplete Administration of Intravenous Vancomycin Prophylaxis is Common and Associated With Increased Infectious Complications After Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundVancomycin is often used as antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty. Vancomycin requires longer infusion times to avoid associated side effects. We hypothesized that vancomycin infusion is often started too late and that delayed infusion may predispose patients to increased rates of surgical site infections and prosthetic joint infections.MethodsWe reviewed clinical data for all primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients at our institution between 2013 and 2020 who received intravenous vancomycin as primary perioperative gram-positive antibiotic prophylaxis. We calculated duration of infusion before incision or tourniquet inflation, with a cutoff of 30 minutes defining adequate administration. Patients were divided into two groups: 1) appropriate administration and 2) incomplete administration. Surgical factors and quality outcomes were compared between groups.ResultsWe reviewed 1047 primary THA and TKA patients (524 THAs and 523 TKAs). The indication for intravenous vancomycin usage was allergy (61%), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization (17%), both allergy and colonization (14%), and other (8%). 50.4% of patients began infusion >30 minutes preoperatively (group A), and 49.6% began infusion <30 minutes preoperatively (group B). Group B had significantly higher rates of readmissions for infectious causes (3.6 vs 1.3%, P = .017). This included a statistically significant increase in confirmed prosthetic joint infections (2.2% vs 0.6%, P = .023). Regression analysis confirmed <30 minutes of vancomycin infusion as an independent risk factor for PJI when controlling for comorbidities (OR 5.22, P = .012).ConclusionLate infusion of vancomycin is common and associated with increased rates of infectious causes for readmission and PJI. Preoperative protocols should be created to ensure appropriate vancomycin administration when indicated.     

Does the Use of a Tourniquet Influence Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundIntraoperative tourniquet use in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common practice which may improve visualization of the surgical field and reduce blood loss. However, the safety and efficacy associated with tourniquet use continues to be a subject of debate among orthopedic surgeons. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of tourniquet use on pain and opioid consumption after TKA.MethodsThis is a multicenter randomized controlled trial among patients undergoing TKA. Patients were preoperatively randomized to undergo TKA with or without the use of an intraoperative tourniquet. Frequency distributions, means, and standard deviations were used to describe baseline patient demographics (age, gender, race, body mass index, smoking status), length of stay, surgical factors, visual analog scale pain scores, and opioid consumption in morphine milligram equivalents.ResultsA total of 327 patients were included in this study, with 166 patients undergoing TKA without a tourniquet and 161 patients with a tourniquet. A statistically significant difference was found in surgical time (97.87 vs 92.98 minutes; P = .05), whereas none was found for length of stay (1.73 vs 1.70 days; P = .87), postop visual analog scale pain scores (1.73 vs 1.70; P = .87), inpatient opioid consumption (19.84 vs 19.27 morphine milligram equivalents; P = .74), or outpatient opioid consumption between the tourniquet-less and tourniquet cohorts, respectively. There were no readmissions in either cohort during the 90-day episode of care.ConclusionUtilization of a tourniquet during TKA has minimal impact on postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption when compared with patients who underwent TKA without a tourniquet.     

Emergency Department Observation Versus Readmission Following total Joint Arthroplasty: Can We Avoid the Bundle Buster?

BackgroundAs the Center for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) moves toward bundled payment plans for total joint arthroplasty (TJA), it becomes necessary to reduce factors that increase cost for an episode of care such as readmissions. The goal of this study is to evaluate the payment for observation stay versus readmission for patients who present to the emergency department.MethodsA retrospective review from 2014-2019 was conducted identifying all Medicare patients who had a primary, elective TJA and visited the ED within 90 days postoperatively. If a readmission was one midnight or less or had an equivalent diagnosis to an observation stay patient, it was characterized as a readmission that could have qualified as an observation stay. Using our institution’s average payment for Medicare readmissions and observations, actual and potential savings were calculated.ResultsSixty-nine out of 523 (13.2%) patients were placed under observation, while 454 (86.8%) patients were readmitted. Eighty-six out of 523 (18.9%) patients qualified for observation status. There was an actual savings of 11.8% by placing patients on observation status and readmission rate was decreased by 13.2%. Savings could have increased by a total of 27.7% and readmissions decreased by a total of 29.6% if all patients who qualified had been placed on observation status.ConclusionAt our institution, the implementation of observation stay has led to a savings of 11.8% and a potential total savings of 27.7%. The rate of readmissions was decreased by 13.2% and had the potential to decrease by a total of 29.6%.