Viruses in subgroup 2 of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ilarvirus</Emphasis> share both serological relationships and characteristics at the molecular level

Summary. Sequence data have been determined for 5 members of subgroup 2 of the genus Ilarvirus. These data support the known serological relationships among accepted members of this group and indicate that the ilarvirus Hydrangea mosaic virus (HdMV) is an isolate of Elm mottle virus (EMoV). The close relationships between members of this subgroup, exhibited through the coat proteins coded on RNA 3, extend to the other genomic molecules. Primers designed from the sequences of RNA 1 and RNA 2 of EMoV amplified fragments from all other subgroup 2 viruses but not from other ilarviruses. Although closely related, members of this subgroup occur naturally in distinctly different host species. The possible origins of the viruses are discussed in relation to similarities among the genomic molecules, in particular RNA 3.Received January 10, 2003; accepted May 7, 2003 Published online July 17, 2003     

Neighborhood disadvantage moderates associations of parenting and older sibling problem attitudes and behavior with conduct disorders in African American children

Data from 296 sibling pairs (mean ages 10 and 13 years), their primary caregivers, and census records were used to test the hypothesis that African American children's likelihood of developing conduct problems associated with harsh parenting, a lack of nurturant-involved parenting, and exposure to an older sibling's deviance-prone attitudes and behavior would be amplified among families residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods. A latent construct representing harsh-inconsistent parenting and low levels of nurturant-involved parenting was positively associated with younger siblings' conduct disorder symptoms, as were older siblings' problematic attitudes and behavior. These associations were strongest among families residing in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods. Future research and prevention programs should focus on the specific neighborhood processes associated with increased vulnerability for behavior problems.     

Postextrasystolic potentiation of vessel compression in myocardial bridging: detection by intravascular sonography

We present the case of 67-year-old man with exertional chest pain. Coronary angiography revealed myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) with mild systolic vessel compression. An intracoronary Doppler sonographic examination of the LAD showed a fingertip-shaped antegrade flow pattern with a steep acceleration of coronary flow velocity during early diastole, followed by a steep deceleration and then a plateau in the coronary flow velocity during mid and late diastole. An intravascular sonographic examination using a 30-MHz transducer catheter showed eccentric vessel compression during systole and substantial augmentation of vessel compression after an incidental extrasystole. Both intracoronary Doppler sonography and intravascular sonography provided important information that helped us to identify myocardial bridging in this patient.     

冠状动脉旁路术同期瓣膜手术的体会

目的 介绍冠状动脉旁路术(CABG)同时行心脏瓣膜手术的体会。方法 45例患者,平均年龄59岁(42～75岁);心功能(NYHA)Ⅱ级7例、Ⅲ级30例、Ⅳ级8例;二尖瓣病变30例、主动脉病变7例、联合瓣膜病变8例,均伴有单支或多支冠状动脉病变。手术在中度低温体外循环下完成。心脏停跳后,先作静脉桥的远端吻合,然后置换瓣膜。心脏复苏后完成大隐静脉与升主动脉的吻合,或在升主动脉1次阻断下完成。乳内动脉的吻合在换瓣后心脏复苏前完成。本组6例行二尖瓣成形,31例行机械瓣置换,8例行进口生物瓣置换。结果 本组患者无手术死亡。术后呼吸机使用时间平均18．7h,ICU监护1．8d。住院时间平均9．2d。随访6个月～4年患者无死亡,心功能Ⅰ级35例、Ⅱ级10例。结论 冠状动脉旁路移植术同时行瓣膜手术是安全、有效的。     

光动力疗法抑制体外培养的人球筋膜囊成纤维细胞增殖的研究

目的　探讨光动力疗法 (photodynamictherapy ,PDT)对体外培养的人球筋膜囊成纤维细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法　将体外培养的人球筋膜囊成纤维细胞分成A至J组 ,每组 4孔。其中A至G组为PDT组 ,依次加入光敏剂苯并卟啉衍生物单环酸A ,使其终浓度分别为 2 5 0× 10 3g/L、1 2 5× 10 3g/L、0 6 2× 10 3g/L、0 31× 10 3g/L、0 16× 10 3g/L、0 0 8× 10 3g/L及 0 0 4× 10 3g/L ,15min后用波长为 6 89nm ,能量密度为 2 40J/cm2 的半导体激光照射。H组为丝裂霉素C(mitomycinC ,MMC)对照组 ,加入MMC使其终浓度为 0 2 0g/L。I组为空白对照组 ,未加任何处理。J组为单纯激光对照组。各组培养 2 4h后 ,用四唑盐比色试验法测量各孔在 490nm处的吸光度 (A值 ) ,并计算每组成纤维细胞抑制率。结果　PDT治疗后A至H组A值分别与I组A值比较 ,差异均有显著意义 (A至H组P值均为 0 0 0 0 ) ;J组与I组差异无显著意义 (P =0 2 0 3) ;A至G组的成纤维细胞抑制率分别为 93 3%、91 0 %、90 3 %、87 1%、6 6 0 %、41 6 %、12 5 %;H组的成纤维细胞抑制率为 93 0 %。结论　PDT对体外培养的人球筋膜囊成纤维细胞增殖有抑制作用 ,且抑制作用的大小随光敏剂浓度的增加而增强。     

强化钙与维生素D牛奶对10～12岁女童体格发育的影响

目的 探讨补充强化钙与维生素D牛奶对我国10－12岁女童体格发育的影响。方法 1999年3月至2001年3月,我们进行了为期2年、设有对照的双盲干预实验。将北京市9所小学757名平均年龄10.1岁的女童分为对照组（259人,保持日常饮食）、A组（238人,除日常饮食外,饮用钙强化牛奶144ml/d)和B组（260人,除日常饮食外,饮用钙和维生素D强化牛奶144ml/d)。调查其食物摄入和体力活动情况。干预前、中、后测定研究对象的体重、身高、坐高及膝高。结果 干预2年后,A组和B组的身高增长率（9.52%和9.26%)显著高于对照组的8.59%;A组和B组的体重增长率（34.53%和35.38%)显著高于对照组的30.91%;A组的坐高增长率为9.21%,显著高于B组的8.58%,又高于对照组的7.87%;A组膝高的增长率为9.00%,显著高于B组（8.37%)和对照组（8.44%)。结论 长期补充强化钙与维生素D的牛奶可能会促进我国10－12岁女童的体格发育。     

Expression of IL-18 and its receptor in human leukemia cells

The importance of IL-18, although clearly established in solid tumors, has not been fully elucidated in human hematopoietic neoplasms. Here we examined the mRNA and protein for IL-18 in eight human hematopoietic cell lines representing different lineages and neoplasms including leukemia, lymphoma and others. Our results revealed that IL-18 mRNA was expressed in these cells and that the corresponding protein was found in the cytoplasm. Seven of eight cell lines were also found to express two subunits of the IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) at varied levels. Furthermore, 29 out of 51 leukemia patients tested were observed to express IL-18R with 18/29 (62%) co-expression of both receptor and ligand. By blocking the IL-18 loop using specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASON) for IL-18 mRNA or anti-human IL-18R monoclonal antibody (McAbR), we were not able to demonstrate a marked inhibition on the most leukemic cell lines growth. Moreover, the potential proliferation in vitro of primary AML cells co-expressing IL-18 and its receptor was not significantly enhanced by recombinant human IL-18, suggesting that IL-18 is not apparently implicated in the proliferation of the leukemia cells via an autocrine loop. Additionally, we also found the effective modulating effect of M-CSF, IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha on IL-18R expression, implying an important in vivo effect of cytokines on IL-18-induced reaction. Moreover, the modulation of IL-18R expression was possibly irrelevant to IFN-gamma secretion induced by these cytokines.     

M-CSF targeting into LCL nucleus behaves as a malignancy promotor

Objective: To investigate the functions of nM-CSF in malignant cells. Methods: recombinant M-CSF was targeted into cell nucleus by employing a eukaryotic expression plasmid vector pCMV/myc/nuc. The constructed plasmid was transfected into cells of EBV transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescent staining showed that recombinant M-CSF was localized into LCL cell nucleus. The transgenic cells showed elevated proliferation potential, enhanced resistance to apoptosis and increased ability of in vitro migration. Conclusion: Nucleus presenting M-CSF might act as a promoting factor in the processes of cellmalignancy.     

Induction of T-cell immunity against leukemia by dendritic cells pulsed with total RNA isolated from leukemia cells

Objectives To assess the feasibility and efficacy of eliciting leukemia-specific T-cell responses in syngeneic mice in vitro and in vivo using dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with total RNA from leukemia cells.Methods DCs generated from bone marrow culture in vitro in the presence of combined cytokines were pulsed with cellular total RNA isolated from cultured L615 cells by cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propane (DOTAP). T-cell responses were evaluated by in vitro proliferation, and cytotoxicity assay. And in vivo immune protection and proghosis of mice with leukemia were studied.Results DCs pulsed with total RNA isolated from cultured L615 cells (DCs/RNA) were remarkably effective in stimulating L615-specific T-cell response in vitro, but did not cross-react with other leukemia cells from syngeneic mice. Vaccination of naive mice with viable DCs/RNA vaccine was able to partly protect from challenge with a lethal dose of live L615 cells, leading to low leukemia incidence and overall survival prolongation. Statistically significant survival was also observed in a low lethal dose of L615-bearing mice that received treatment using viable DCs∕RNA vaccine alone, suggesting that systemic administration of IL-2 could enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of leukemia RNA/DCs vaccine.Conclusions These data support the use of DCs/RNA vaccine as a feasible and effective route to elicit leukemia immunity against unidentified leukemia-associated antigens for treatment of leukemia-bearing animals.     

联合化疗和放射治疗颅内生殖细胞瘤的远期疗效观察

目的：探讨颅内生殖细胞瘤经过化疗并辅以中低剂量放疗后的远期疗效。方法;对1993－1996年收治的45例颅内生殖细胞瘤患者进行静脉化疗并辅以中低剂量放疗,获得随访39例。其中肿瘤位于松果体区24例,松果体区并鞍区8例,鞍区4例,松果体区并脑室内3例。化疗4d为一疗程,使用药物为长春新碱、甲氨蝶呤、平阳霉素及顺铂。用药后每周化验2次血常规,1次血生化,以观察周围血象变化及心、肝、肾功能,并进行针对性治疗。4周后如血常规及血生化的各项指标均正常,再行第二疗程化疗。两个疗程结束后1个月,在肿瘤病灶局部补充中低剂量（25－35Gy)的放疗。每个疗程间进行CT或MRI检查,观察肿瘤消退的情况。结果：39例患者随访5－8年,1例为手术加全剂量放疗后2年肿瘤复发,此次化疗进行2个疗程,但化疗后未再补充放疗,4年后肿瘤复发,家属放弃治疗,患者死亡。1例化疗、放疗后5年肿瘤复发,再行2个疗程化疗,肿瘤消退80％,目前每半年接受1次化疗,病情平稳,生活自理。其余37例（95％）化疗、放疗后5－8年,复查MRI显示肿瘤无复发,患者生存质量良好,其中30例学龄儿童生长发育及智力均未受影响。结论：静脉化疗辅以中低剂量放疗应以治疗颅内生殖细胞瘤的最佳方案。