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51.
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M Schomburg ED Bailer-Heberlein 《Der Anaesthesist》1975,24(6):269-272
1. The action of etomidate (0.125-4.0 mg/kg) injected intravenously or into the right atrium (time of injection about 1 sec) was investigated in cats under different central nervous conditions. 2. In decerebrate unanaesthetized animals and in lightly anaesthetized (pentobarbitone) animals with an intact CNS etomidate (0.25-4 mg/kg i.v.) caused a decrease of the spontaneous lumbar fusimotor activity and a strong depression of the fusimotor pinnareflex. Partly a reversal of this reflex from excitation to inhibition was observed. The effects occurred within 20 sec after the injection and lasted for 5-70 min, showing a clear non-linear relationship with the injected dose. 3. In encephale isole preparations etomidate (0.125-1 mg/kg injected intra-right atrially) caused distinct changes of the spontaneous EEB (decrease of frequency, increase of amplitude, occurrence of steeper waves) and a depression of the arousal reactions in the EEB following different stimuli (acoustic stimuli and different stimuli in the area of the face and eyes). These effects occurred within 8 sec after the injection and lasted up to 40 min, dependent upon the injected dose. 4. The character and the principal similarity of the results observed in decerebrate animals and in animals with intact CNS suggest that a considerable part of the action of etomidate consists of a depression of the activity and reactivity of the brain stem reticular formation. 相似文献
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Proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
54.
The effect of hepatic dysfunction, defined as abnormal serum bilirubin level, on oral cyclosporin (CSP) pharmacokinetics was examined in 28 marrow transplant patients who received CSP for prophylaxis of graft-v- host disease. Serum CSP concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Forty-one concentration-time courses were studied, divided among patients with no (less than 1.2 mg/dL), mild (1.2 to 2.0 mg/dL), and moderate (2.0 to 5.0 mg/dL) hepatic dysfunction. CSP elimination, as determined by elimination rate constant and clearance, was delayed in patients with moderate hepatic dysfunction compared to those with no hepatic dysfunction (P less than .05). The volume of distribution, lag time for absorption, maximum serum concentration, and time at which the maximum concentration was achieved was not affected by hepatic function. These data indicate that patients with moderate hepatic dysfunction have delayed CSP or CSP metabolite elimination and may be at higher risk for developing CSP-related toxicity. 相似文献
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Melanie Freeman MBBS FRACP David J. Clark MBBS FRACP Nick Andrianopoulos MBBS MBIOSTAT Stephen J. Duffy MBBS PhD FRACP MRCP FCSANZ Han S. Lim MBBS Angela Brennan RN CCRN Kerrie Charter RN CCRN James Shaw MBBS PhD FRACP Mark Horrigan MBBS FRACP Andrew E. Ajani MBBS FRACP FJFICM MD Martin Sebastian MBBS FRACP FCSANZ Christopher M. Reid BA MSC DIP ED PHD 《Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions》2009,73(6):763-768
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Jason S. Haukoos MD MSc Emily Hopkins MSPH Richard L. Byyny MD MSc Amy A. Conroy MPH Morgan Silverman LCSW Sheri Eisert PhD Mark Thrun MD Michael Wilson MD Brian Boyett MS James D. Heffelfinger MD MPH for the Denver ED HIV Opt-Out Study Group 《Academic emergency medicine》2009,16(8):800-808
In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released revised recommendations for performing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in health care settings, including implementing routine rapid HIV screening, the use of an integrated opt-out consent, and limited prevention counseling. Emergency departments (EDs) have been a primary focus of these efforts. These revised CDC recommendations were primarily based on feasibility studies and have not been evaluated through the application of rigorous research methods. This article describes the design and implementation of a large prospective controlled clinical trial to evaluate the CDC's recommendations in an ED setting. From April 15, 2007, through April 15, 2009, a prospective quasi-experimental equivalent time-samples clinical trial was performed to compare the clinical effectiveness and efficiency of routine (nontargeted) opt-out rapid HIV screening (intervention) to physician-directed diagnostic rapid HIV testing (control) in a high-volume urban ED. In addition, three nested observational studies were performed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and patient and staff acceptance of the two rapid HIV testing methods. This article describes the rationale, methodologies, and study design features of this program evaluation clinical trial. It also provides details regarding the integration of the principal clinical trial and its nested observational studies. Such ED-based trials are rare, but serve to provide valid comparisons between testing approaches. Investigators should consider similar methodology when performing future ED-based health services research. 相似文献
60.
Deborah J. Bowen PhD Eileen H. Shinn PhD Sophie Gregrowski Gretchen Kimmick MD MS Laura S. Dominici MD Elizabeth S. Frank ED M Karen Lisa Smith MD MPH Gabrielle Rocque MD MSPH Kathryn J. Ruddy MD MPH Teri Pollastro BS Michelle Melisko MD Tarah J. Ballinger MD Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju MD MA MPHS Antonio C. Wolff MD 《Cancer》2020,126(5):922-930
Members of the Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium conducted an expert-driven literature review to identify a list of domains and to evaluate potential measures of these domains for inclusion in a list of preferred measures. Measures were included if they were easily available, free of charge, and had acceptable psychometrics based on published peer-reviewed analyses. A total of 22 domains and 52 measures were identified during the selection process. Taken together, these measures form a reliable and validated list of measurement tools that are easily available and used in multiple cancer trials to assess patient-reported outcomes in relevant patients. 相似文献