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991.
Changes in rank‐dependent income‐related health inequality measures over time may usefully be decomposed into contributions due to changes in health outcomes and changes in individuals' positions in the income distribution. This paper establishes the normative implications of this type of decomposition by embedding it within a broader analysis of changes in the ‘health achievement’ index. We further show that the choice of health inequality measure implies a particular vertical equity judgement, which may be expressed on a common scale in terms of the concentration index of health changes that would be inequality preserving. We illustrate the empirical implications of this choice by reporting results from a longitudinal analysis of changes in income‐related health inequality in Great Britain using the concentration, the Erreygers and Wagstaff indices of health attainments and the concentration index of health shortfalls. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
992.
993.
Nutritional concerns for the child and adolescent competitor 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Petrie HJ Stover EA Horswill CA 《Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)》2004,20(7-8):620-631
With exercise for sports competition in children and adolescents, acute nutrient needs will change. Fluid intake to ensure the replacement of water and minerals (electrolytes) lost in sweat is important. Energy needs also increase because of the elevated energy expenditure with physical activity. Arguably carbohydrate is the recommended source of training needs, although research has yet to be done to show performance benefits in young athletes on a high-carbohydrate diet. In the majority of sports, an increased intake of food naturally occurs to accommodate the day-to-day nutrient needs of young athletes, and unlike non-athlete, young competitors typically come closer to meeting their requirements for micronutrients. Nonetheless, certain athletic groups may be at risk for shortfalls in their diet. Compared to athletes in team sports, participants in weight-control sports may be at greater risk of failing to meet requirements for energy, protein, and some micronutrients. Endurance athletes, particularly female distance runners, may have intake deficits for the minerals iron and calcium. Acute issues such as heat illness and chronic concerns that include impaired growth and development, and the risk of injuries that include stress fractures may be an outcome of inadequate nutrition during physical training. 相似文献
994.
995.
Akan Emin Chris A. Rogers Jayan Parameshwar Guy MacGowan Rhiannon Taylor Nizar Yonan Andre Simon Steven Tsui Stephan Schueler Nicholas R. Banner Nicholas Banner Peter Braidley Mike Burch Stephen Clark Dave Collett David Cromwell Kate Haire Jorge Mascaro Jayan Parameshwar Mark Petrie Andre Simon Steven Tsui Nizar Yonan Ms Katherine Collins Saleem Haj‐Yahia Guy MacGowan Steven Shaw Stephan Schueler John Townsend Rajamiyer Venkateswaran Ian Wilson Mike Winter Nizar Yonan 《European journal of heart failure》2013,15(10):1185-1193
996.
Prayman T. Sattianayagam Thirusha Lane Zoe Fox Aviva Petrie Simon D.J. Gibbs Jennifer H. Pinney Signe S. Risom Dorota M. Rowczenio Ashutosh D. Wechalekar Helen J. Lachmann Janet A. Gilbertson Philip N. Hawkins Julian D. Gillmore 《Haematologica》2013,98(1):136-140
Weight loss is common in systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis but there are limited data on the impact of nutritional status on outcome. Using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) score, we prospectively examined nutritional status in 110 consecutive newly-diagnosed, treatment-naïve patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis attending the UK National Amyloidosis Centre. At study entry, 72 of 110 (66%) patients had a PG-SGA score of 4 or over, indicating malnutrition requiring specialist nutritional intervention. Number of amyloidotic organs, elevated alkaline phosphatase, presence of autonomic neuropathy and advanced Mayo disease stage were independently associated with poor nutritional status (P<0.05). Quality of life was substantially poorer among those with higher PG-SGA scores (P<0.001). Furthermore, PG-SGA score was a powerful independent predictor of patient survival (P=0.02). Malnutrition is prevalent and is associated with poor quality of life and reduced survival among patients with systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. The PG-SGA score would be an appropriate tool to evaluate whether nutritional intervention could improve patient outcomes. 相似文献
997.
Karen Sliwa Denise Hilfiker‐Kleiner Mark C. Petrie Alexandre Mebazaa Burkert Pieske Eckhart Buchmann Vera Regitz‐Zagrosek Maria Schaufelberger Luigi Tavazzi Dirk J. van Veldhuisen Hugh Watkins Ajay J. Shah Petar M. Seferovic Uri Elkayam Sabine Pankuweit Zoltan Papp Frederic Mouquet John J.V. McMurray 《European journal of heart failure》2010,12(8):767-778
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a cause of pregnancy‐associated heart failure. It typically develops during the last month of, and up to 6 months after, pregnancy in women without known cardiovascular disease. The present position statement offers a state‐of‐the‐art summary of what is known about risk factors for potential pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation of, and diagnosis and management of PPCM. A high index of suspicion is required for the diagnosis, as shortness of breath and ankle swelling are common in the peripartum period. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a distinct form of cardiomyopathy, associated with a high morbidity and mortality, but also with the possibility of full recovery. Oxidative stress and the generation of a cardiotoxic subfragment of prolactin may play key roles in the pathophysiology of PPCM. In this regard, pharmacological blockade of prolactin offers the possibility of a disease‐specific therapy. 相似文献
998.
Robin A.P. Weir Thomas N. Martin Charles Aengus Murphy Colin J. Petrie Suzanne Clements Tracey Steedman Henry J. Dargie Galen S. Wagner 《Journal of electrocardiology》2010,43(3):230
Background
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a powerful prognostic marker after acute myocardial infarction and is dependent on infarct magnitude. Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (ceCMR) represents the current criterion standard means of LVEF and infarct size measurement. Infarct size and LVEF can be estimated from the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) using the Selvester QRS score. We examined for the first time the relationship between serial measures of LVEF and infarct size by ceCMR and ECG in patients with reperfused anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and depressed LVEF.Methods
Thirty-four patients (mean ± SD age, 59 ± 11.8 years; 70.6% male) underwent ceCMR and simultaneous ECG at mean 93 hours after admission and at 12 and 24 weeks. The QRS score was calculated on each ECG, from which infarct size and LVEF were estimated and compared with the equivalent ceCMR measurements.Results
Infarct size on ceCMR was higher than that by QRS score at each time-point (P < .001) with modest correlation (r = 0.56-0.78, P < .001). Left ventricular ejection fraction was consistently significantly higher on CMR than on ECG, with weak correlation (r = 0.37-0.51, P < .05). We derived a novel equation relating QRS score to CMR-measured LVEF in the subacute phase of infarction: LVEF = 61 − (1.7 × QRS score) (%).Conclusions
In patients with reperfused anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction and depressed LVEF, ceCMR is moderately correlated with the QRS in the serial measurement of infarct size and LVEF. Infarct size (measured by ceCMR) and LVEF are consistently higher than those calculated on the QRS score in the acute and subacute phases of infarction. 相似文献999.
J Webster J C Petrie O J Robb M Jamieson J Verschueren 《British journal of clinical pharmacology》1985,20(4):393-400
Single doses of bucindolol 50, 100 and 200 mg were compared to placebo and single doses of oxprenolol 40, 80 and 160 mg in seven patients with mild hypertension, in a double-blind randomized study. Both bucindolol and oxprenolol inhibited exercise induced tachycardia. The mean maximum inhibition of exercise heart rate was similar after each dose of both drugs (20%, P less than 0.001). Bucindolol produced a significantly greater reduction in blood pressure than either oxprenolol or placebo. This was most apparent in standing systolic and diastolic and post-exercise systolic blood pressures between 1 and 2 h after dosing and was dose-related. All seven patients experienced adverse effects related to hypotension within the first 2 h after ingestion of bucindolol 200 mg. Plasma concentrations of oxprenolol, bucindolol or 5-hydroxy-bucindolol, sampled 2 h after dosing, could not be related to either the changes in blood pressure or to the occurrence of symptoms. The results emphasise the need for careful dose-finding of new drugs prior to their more widespread evaluation in phase 3 studies. 相似文献
1000.
Glucocorticoids selectively inhibit the transcription of the interleukin 1 beta gene and decrease the stability of interleukin 1 beta mRNA 总被引:35,自引:6,他引:29 下载免费PDF全文