基因芯片筛选尿道下裂雌激素敏感基因的研究

目的 寻找与尿道下裂发病密切相关的基因,探讨尿道下裂形成机制.方法 ①实验组为12例尿道下裂患儿,年龄6～12个月,平均8个月.尿道下裂中度5例,重度7例.组织标本取自尿道成形手术时切取的尿道板组织.②对照组为6例年龄匹配的男性患儿,留取包皮环切时的正常表皮组织.用Tri-Reagent分别提取总RNA,与含22 000个人类基因的寡核苷酸基因芯片杂交、洗脱、染色、扫描,基因强度变化行方差分析(ANOVA,P＜0.01)和Tukey分析,基因表达强度变化＞2倍作为有意义的基因,比较尿道下裂和正常组织之间基因表达差异.从上调表达的基因中选择雌激素敏感基因行RT-PCR,标本除上述患儿RNA外,再增加年龄配对的3例中度、1例重度尿道下裂和2例年龄配对的RNA作为对照,即对照、中度和重度尿道下裂患者RNA标本各8例,验证芯片结果.结果 尿道下裂组织与正常组织之间存在明显的基因表达差异,共筛选出表达强度变化＞2倍的基因94个,其中中度尿道下裂与正常比较,47个基因上调表达(P＜0.01);重度尿道下裂与正常比较,68个基因上调表达(P＜0.001);重度与中度比较,17个基因上调表达(P＞0.05).上调表达的基因中发现了4个雌激素敏感基因CYR61、结缔组织生长因子、ATF3和GADD45β,基因芯片和RT-PCR均证实其在尿道下裂组织中的表达明显高于正常对照.结论 异常表达的基因与尿道下裂的发生有关,尿道下裂组织中雌激素敏感基因上调表达参与了尿道下裂的发病机制.     

喉鳞状细胞癌中PTEN蛋白表达与微血管密度的相关性

目的 研究喉鳞癌（LSCC）组织中抑癌基因PTEN蛋白（PTEN）的表达与肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）之间的相关性。方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测10例正常喉组织、20例癌旁组织和60例LSCC组织中PTEN基因和MVD的表达情况。结果 PTEN在LSCC、癌旁喉组织及正常组织中阳性表达率分别为70．00％、95．00％、100．00％,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。LSCC组织中PTEN蛋白表达在TNM分期Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、高中分化癌、无转移、生存率〉3年的患者中表达水平较Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、低分化和有转移、生存率〈3年的患者高,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。在不同恶性程度、分化程度、预后及有无转移的LSCC组织中,PTEN蛋白表达与MVD呈显著负相关（P〈0．05）。结论 PTEN基因突变和／或缺失可能在LSCC的发生、发展和血管形成中发挥重要作用。PTEN、MVD是反映LSCC生物学行为的重要指标。     

Prevalence of Candida spp., xerostomia,and hyposalivation in oral lichen planus – A controlled study

Objective

To determine the frequency of Candida spp., xerostomia, and salivary flow rate (SFR) in three different groups: patients with OLP (OLP group), patients with oral mucosal lesions other than OLP (non‐OLP group), and subjects without oral mucosal lesions (control group).

Material and methods

Xerostomia as well as SFR was investigated in the three groups. Samples for isolation of Candida spp. were collected from OLP lesions (38 patients), non‐OLP lesions (28 patients), and healthy subjects (32 subjects).

Results

There was no statistically significant difference regarding the frequency of xerostomia and hyposalivation among the three groups (P > 0.05). A higher prevalence for colonization by Candida spp. was found in the healthy subject as compared to that of patients with OLP (P = 0.03) and non‐OLP (P = 0.02) groups. Low SFR was not a factor for colonization by Candida spp.

Conclusions

Xerostomia and hyposalivation occur with similar frequency in subjects with and without oral lesions; also, the presence of oral lesions does not increase the susceptibility to colonization by Candida spp. It seems that any study implicating Candida spp. in the malignant transformation of oral lesions should be carried out mostly on a biochemical basis, that is, by testing the capability of Candida spp. to produce carcinogenic enzyme.     

Strain‐dependent induction of allergic rhinitis without adjuvant in mice

BACKGROUND: To date, no murine models have been reported to show the induction of both antigen-specific IgE and nasal eosinophilia, two of the major hallmarks of allergic rhinitis, after local sensitization in the absence of adjuvants, a phenomenon which reflects natural exposure. In this report, we attempted to establish a murine model representing an initiation of allergic rhinitis. METHODS: BALB/c, CBA/J, and C57BL/6 mice were sensitized intranasally to Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen (SEA) solely. After repeated sensitization, serum Ab titers, nasal eosinophilia, and cytokine production by nasal lymphocytes were determined. RESULTS: BALB/c mice produced SEA-specific IgE after repeated sensitization. High-dose sensitization to SEA induced IgE production in CBA/J mice, while C57BL/6 mice did not show the production throughout the period observed, suggesting that IgE production was regulated genetically. BALB/c mice also exhibited nasal eosinophilia after the nasal challenge. In addition, nasal lymphocytes sensitized with SEA intranasally produced significant amount of IL-5 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intranasal sensitization with SEA in the absence of adjuvants induces a Th2 immune reaction, reflecting the hallmarks of the initiation of allergic rhinitis both in vivo and in vitro, which is genetically regulated.     

原发性肉碱缺乏致脂质沉积性肌病的临床与病理特点

目的 分析原发性肉碱缺乏致脂质沉积性肌病（LSM）的临床与病理特点。方法 回顾性分析4例可能LSM患者的临床资料。结果 本组患者为亚急性或慢性起病，主要表现为近端肌无力，疲劳不能耐受；血清肌酶有不同程度的升高；肌电图示肌源性损害；病理检查示肌纤维内可见大量细小空泡和裂隙形成；MGT染色无破碎红纤维，油红O染色显示空泡为大量脂滴充填；受累纤维以Ⅰ型纤维为主。电镜证实肌纤维内脂滴堆积，可伴有线粒体的轻度增多。改善能量和糖皮质激素治疗有效。结论原发性肉碱缺乏致LSM是一种以易疲劳和肌无力为主要临床表现的脂质代谢障碍性肌病，病理改变以肌纤维内脂滴堆积为主，一般不伴有线粒体结构的明显异常。糖皮质激素治疗可获得良好疗效。     

乳腺癌患者保乳术联合腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术的临床研究

目的 探讨保乳手术联合腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术(MALND)对乳腺癌患者上肢功能、应激反应及血管细胞黏附分子-1 (VCAM-1)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)水平的影响。方法 回顾性分析98例乳腺癌患者的临床资料,依据手术方式的不同分为研究组53例和对照组45例。对照组行保乳手术联合传统腋窝淋巴结清扫术(CALND),研究组行保乳手术联合MALND。比较2组术前、术后6个月上肢功能;收集2组患者术前、术后12 h焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分以及心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)水平,并对比2组应激反应程度;比较2组患者术前、术后5 d VCAM-1、ICAM-1水平。结果 术后6个月,研究组前屈、后伸、内收、外展、内旋、外旋活动角度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后12 h,研究组SAS、SDS评分及HR、MAP水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后5 d,研究组VCAM-1、ICAM-1水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 保乳手术联合MALND对乳腺癌患者上肢功能影响小,术后应激反应程度轻...     

化瘀通络方对局灶性脑缺血大鼠再灌注(MCAO)后脑组织氧自由基和NOS表达的影响

目的:观察化瘀通络方治疗大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤对脑组织自由基及一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)和iNOS变化的影响。方法:制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,给予化瘀通络方治疗后观察丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)的变化。结果:化瘀通络方可显著降低MDA含量以及iNOS和NOS活性,SOD含量升高。结论:在脑缺血再灌注损伤后,化瘀通络方能抑制脑缺血再灌注后脂质过氧化反应,促进自由基清除,对抗自由基损伤,提高脑组织自身抗氧化能力,降低NOS和iNOS介导脑缺血-再灌注时的神经损伤,保护脑细胞。     

1140919448CD200-dependent suppression of human NK activity by IVIG requires CD200 receptor type 2

Problem: IVIG prepared from plasma of stored human blood can be efficacious in improving pregnancy success in a selected subgroup of patients but RCTs using an IVIG showing inferior suppression of NK activity in vitro have been negative (J Assist Reprod Genet 2006). A significant component of NK suppression by IVIG appears to be due to CD200 released into plasma from PBL during storage at 4C. CD200 receptors (CD200R) are expressed at the fetomaternal interface prior to onset of abortion; CD200R1 mediates direct effects on gamma‐delta T cell development and suppresses alpha‐beta T cell responses in vitro, whereas CD200R2 alters DC so as to facilitate development of alpha‐beta Treg cells. Which receptor(s) mediate NK cell suppression? Methods: Purified human PBL or the CD56⁺ NK cell subset of PBL were used to lyse 51Cr‐labeled K562 cells in vitro. Different IVIG preparations were tested for suppressive ability, and suppression was blocked by either anti‐huCD200 mAb or rabbit anti‐huCD200R1 or R2 antibodies. Results: CD200‐dependent IVIG NK suppressive potency differed among IVIG types (Gammagard>Gamunex>>Gamimmune). CD200‐dependent suppression was blocked by anti‐CD200R antibody able to react with the type 2 receptor. K562 cells did not express receptor, and purified CD56⁺ NK cells were suppressed effectively without the need for non‐NK cells. Conclusions: IVIG may directly express NK cell activity via CD200 binding to CD200R2.     

VEGF-C表达和微淋巴管密度与胃癌淋巴转移的关系及意义

目的探讨胃癌组织血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)表达和微淋巴管密度(MLVD)及两者与胃癌淋巴转移的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测208例人胃癌组织、40例癌浸润前缘组织及139例人胃正常粘膜组织中VEGF-C、D2-40的表达,对D2-40阳性脉管进行MLVD计数,并结合病理资料进行统计学分析。结果胃癌组织VEGF-C的表达明显高于正常胃粘膜组织(χ2=109.199,P<0.01);胃癌组织中有淋巴结转移(χ2=14.496,P<0.01)或浸润透浆膜(χ2=11.586,P<0.01)组VEGF-C表达水平分别较无转移或浸润未及浆膜组增高。癌浸润前缘组织中MLVD(18.36±15.60个/mm2)明显高于胃癌组(9.41±9.32个/mm2,t=-3.681,P<0.01)和胃正常粘膜组织(7.70±7.69个/mm2,t=-4.180,P<0.01);胃癌淋巴结转移组MLVD(9.81±9.97个/mm2)高于无转移组(6.41±7.85个/mm2,t=2.516,P<0.01),而在浸润透浆膜组(11.20±10.55个/mm2)和未及浆膜组(8.54±9.36个/mm2)MLVD无差别(t=1.467,P=0.472)。另外,在胃癌组织中VEGF-C表达与MLVD呈正相关(F=2.910,P<0.05)。结论VEGF-C在胃癌中的高表达与胃癌浸润深度、淋巴转移密切相关。