Ibuprofen use during extreme exercise: effects on oxidative stress and PGE2

PURPOSE: Oxidative stress was examined with use (N = 29) or nonuse (N = 25) of ibuprofen in ultramarathoners after the Western States Endurance Run. METHODS: Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring plasma and urinary F2-isoprostanes, plasma nitrite, and plasma urate. A urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite (PGE-M) was used as an end point to assess ibuprofen use. Ibuprofen users consumed 600 and 1200 mg of ibuprofen the day before and on race day, respectively, and nonusers avoided all antiinflammatory medications. Blood and urine were collected in the morning before the race and immediately after the race. RESULTS: Use compared with nonuse of ibuprofen significantly increased plasma (P 相似文献   

Postprandial hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular complications of diabetes: an update

Type 2 diabetes is characterised by a gradual decline in insulin secretion in response to nutrient loads; hence, it is primarily a disorder of postprandial glucose (PPG) regulation. However, physicians continue to rely on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels as indicators for disease management. There is a linear relationship between the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the two-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), while a recent study confirms postprandial hyperglycaemia as an independent risk factor for CVD in type 2 diabetes. At the same time, several intervention studies have shown that treating postprandial hyperglycaemia may reduce the incidence of new cardiovascular events. Evidence supports the hypothesis that postprandial hyperglycaemia may be linked to CVD through the generation of oxidative stress. Furthermore, clinical data suggest that postprandial hyperglycaemia is a common phenomenon, even in patients who may be considered in 'good metabolic control'. Therefore, in addition to HbA1c and FPG, physicians should consider monitoring and targeting PPG in patients with type 2 diabetes.     

新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的管理——欧洲共识指南2010版

一、简介 2010版指南包含了2007年后循证医学的最新证据,如现在有更多的证据支持以前推荐的早期使用肺表面活性物质及持续气道正压通气(CPAP);对产房稳定进行了扩充,并有一些新的推荐,如延迟脐带结扎;增加了避免和减少使用机械通气及通气时间,以及咖啡因、鼻腔通气、允许性高碳酸血症、新式呼吸机通气模式的使用等内容;还增加了其他情况下发生的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的管理.该指南得到欧洲围产医学会的认同.     

Stability of cefepime and metronidazole prepared for simplified administration as a single product

The stabilities of cefepime and metronidazole were determined after preparation of a single admixture product in view of its potential use as a simple and cost-effective therapeutic alternative for infections caused by many aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. The stability of cefepime 1000 or 2000 mg mixed with metronidazole 500 or 1500 mg was evaluated via high-performance liquid chromatography after storage for up to 336 h at 4 or 23 degrees C. Cefepime was stable in all 4 degrees C samples for up to 336 h, retaining > or =95% of initial concentrations. Samples of cefepime 1000 and 2000 mg mixed with metronidazole 500 mg were stable at 23 degrees C for up to 48 h, whereas those mixed with metronidazole 1500 mg and cefepime controls were stable at 23 degrees C for up to 72 h. Metronidazole was stable in all samples for up to 336 h, retaining > or =94% of initial concentrations. These data suggest that therapeutic use of cefepime and metronidazole as a single intravenous admixture product is feasible and practical.     

The caring behaviors of the home health nurse and influence on medication adherence

The purpose of this study was to determine if the caring behaviors of the home health nurse toward the patient influence the patient's medication adherence. The study focused on what effects the verbal and nonverbal caring behaviors of the nurse toward the patient have on the patient's medication adherence. How is the patient's perception of caring by the nurse related to his or her medication adherence? The study was conducted in a Midwestern home health agency over a 4-week period. Findings indicated an improvement in the use of verbal and nonverbal caring behaviors by the nurses with their patients. The patients perceived an increased use of these caring behaviors by the nurses with them. The patients' medication adherence and barriers to adherence improved. Other significant findings indicated that the verbal and nonverbal caring behaviors of the nurses and the patients' perception of the caring behaviors influenced and improved the patients' medication adherence by week 4.     

Structural correlates of intellectual impairment and autistic features in adolescents

Intellectual disability, a common but under-researched condition, is strongly associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Although studies have investigated the neural correlates of intelligence quotient (IQ) and ASD in intellectually unimpaired subjects, these issues have not been addressed in intellectually impaired subjects. We studied 63 intellectually disabled adolescents receiving additional learning support and 72 controls using whole brain tissue volumes extracted from native space and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in normalised space. We applied a qualitative and quantitative review of VBM preprocessing and modified the optimised method to establish optimum co-registration of the brains in normalised space. We report tissue density differences at cluster level with adjustment for underlying smoothness. Individuals with intellectual disability had smaller total white matter and total brain tissue volumes than controls, as well as reduced grey matter density in the right cerebellar hemisphere and left temporo-parietal cortex, and reduced white matter density in the posterior corpus callosum. Intellectually disabled subjects were additionally subgrouped according to their degree of reported autistic features. Reduced grey matter density was detected in the thalamus of subjects with autistic features scoring within the pervasive developmental disorder range as compared to subjects below the threshold for ASD, and increased white matter density was detected in the left superior temporal gyrus of subjects scoring above the threshold for autism as compared to subjects below the threshold for ASD.     

Staplerh?morrhoidopexie im Vergleich zur Milligan-Morgan- und Ferguson-H?morrhoidektomie: ein systematisches Review

Zusammenfassung Fragestellung:   Ziel dieser Studie war, ein systematisches Review und eine Metaanalyse der Kurz- und Langzeitergebnisse der Staplerh?morrhoidopexie durchzuführen. Patienten und Methodik:   Mit einer Literatursuche wurden randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien zum Vergleich von Staplerh?morrhoidopexie und Milligan-Morgan-/Ferguson-H?morrhoidektomie abgefragt. Die Daten wurden für jede Studie einzeln entnommen und die Unterschiede mit Fixed- und Random-Effects-Modellen analysiert. Ergebnisse:   Es wurden 34 randomisierte Studien und zwei systematische Reviews gefunden; hiervon wurden 29 Studien eingeschlossen. Die Staplerh?morrhoidopexie erwies sich in Bezug auf den Klinikaufenthalt (p < 0,001) als statistisch signifikant überlegen und hinsichtlich der postoperativen Schmerzen (perioperativ und früh-postoperativ), der Operationsdauer sowie der Blutungen (postoperativ und sp?t-postoperativ) als numerisch überlegen. Nach der Staplerh?morrhoidopexie waren Prolapsrezidive und wiederholte Eingriffe aufgrund von Rezidiven h?ufiger. Bei den Komplikationsraten wurden keine Unterschiede beobachtet. Schlussfolgerung:   Die Staplerh?morrhoidopexie reduziert die Dauer des Krankenhausaufenthalts und k?nnte einen Vorteil im Sinne einer kürzeren Operationsdauer, weniger postoperativer Schmerzen und geringerer Blutungen bieten, ist jedoch mit einer erh?hten Rate von Prolapsrezidiven assoziiert. übersetzter Nachdruck aus Int J Colorectal Dis 2009;24:335–44; DOI 10.1007/s00384-008-0611-0.