黑参中人参皂苷Rg_3的含量测定

目的:建立黑参中人参皂苷Rg_3的含量测定方法。方法:利用高效液相色谱法,采用Thermo色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,测定黑参中人参皂苷Rg_3含量。结果:研究表明,不同批次黑参中人参皂苷Rg_3的含量差别明显,平均含量为1.236 5 mg·g~(-1),最低含量为0.368 7 mg·g~(-1),最高含量为2.500 7 mg·g~(-1),相差6.8倍。结论:建立了黑参中人参皂苷Rg_3含量的测定方法,对不同批次样品进行测定后发现,人参皂苷Rg_3含量差别明显,为黑参的质量控制和开发利用提供参考。     

从湿热体质论治脂溢性脱发

中医对于脂溢性脱发，传统多按"血热风燥""血虚风燥""湿热""肝肾不足"等分型论治，虽能取得一定的临床疗效，暂时缓解病情，但难以根治，给患者带来困扰。倪诚教授根据国医大师王琦教授所提出的"肤-体相关论""体质可调论"，认为湿热体质是脂溢性脱发发病的主要土壤，指出瘀浊蛀发是脂溢性脱发的病机要点，治疗上以清利湿热调体治本、凉血活血为主、佐以滋养肝肾，方用茵陈蒿汤合升降散加减配合外洗经验方，从标本兼顾、分期论治、内服外洗等方面治疗脂溢性脱发，在临床上取得良好的疗效。     

Percutaneous renal mass biopsy: historical perspective,current status,and future considerations

Introduction: Percutaneous renal mass biopsy has evolved over the last decade with improvements on previous pitfalls including low tissue yield, high non-diagnostic rates, and complications. As understanding of tumor biology and natural history of renal cortical neoplasms has improved, percutaneous renal mass biopsy is poised to have an expanding role in an area characterized by individualized management and refined risk stratification.

Areas covered: This review summarizes the evolution of renal mass biopsy to its current state with respect to outcomes, indications, and clinical guidelines.

Expert opinion: With improved understanding of differential biological potential of renal cortical neoplasms combined with technical improvements in diagnostic yield and accuracy, utilization of renal mass biopsy is becoming an important adjunct to patient care in a broad range of clinical scenarios, including active surveillance, thermal ablation, and use of primary systemic therapy in localized and advanced settings.     

川陈皮素对糖尿病肾病大鼠AMPK和eNOS表达的影响研究

【摘要】目的 观察川陈皮素对糖尿病肾病大鼠的治疗作用，并从腺苷酸蛋白活化激酶（AMPK）和内皮型一氧化氮酶（eNOS）途径探讨其作用机理。方法 采用高脂高糖饲料喂养+链脲佐菌素（STZ）腹腔注射复制2型糖尿病肾脏损害大鼠模型，模型构建成功后，将其随机分为正常组、模型组、贝那普利干预组以及川陈皮素低、中和高剂量治疗组（n=20）。实验中密切监测大鼠一般情况，治疗期结束后收集尿液检测24h蛋白尿，收集血液检测肾功能指标、抗氧化指标，收集肾脏观察肾脏病理学，同时检测肾脏组织中AMPK及eNOS蛋白和mRNA的表达结果。结果 正常组肾小球正常，无明显病理特征；模型组出现肾小球增大，系膜和肾间质纤维组织增生；贝那普利组和川陈皮素三个剂量组相较于模型组明显减轻。与正常组相比，模型组24h尿蛋白定量、UREA、CREA和MDA明显升高(P＜005)；SOD和GSH明显降低(P＜005)，与模型组相比，贝那普利和川陈皮素三个剂量组24h尿蛋白定量、UREA、CREA和MDA明显降低(P＜005)，SOD和GSH明显升高(P＜005)。与正常组相比，模型组p AMPK、AMPK和eNOS蛋白和mRNA表达均明显降低(P＜005)；与模型组相比，贝那普利组和川陈皮素低、中和高剂量组AMPK和eNOS蛋白和mRNA表达明显升高(P＜005)。结论 川陈皮素可保护肾功能，提高血清和肾脏抗氧化指标，同时增加AMPK和eNOS蛋白和mRNA表达，最终保护糖尿病肾脏损害。     

The behaviour change techniques used by Australian physiotherapists to promote non-treatment physical activity to patients with musculoskeletal conditions

Objectives

To determine: (i) the behaviour change techniques used by a sample of Australian physiotherapists to promote non-treatment physical activity; and (ii) whether those behaviour change techniques are different to the techniques used to encourage adherence to rehabilitation exercises.

Effects of age,gender and menstrual cycle on platelet function assessed by impedance aggregometry

Platelets are needed to prevent or arrest bleeding and aggregate at the site of injury upon vascular damage. Platelets express receptors for estrogens which might affect the function of the platelets and their hemostatic ability. The aim was to identify possible differences in platelet function related to age, gender, and phases of the menstrual cycle by use of impedance aggregometry with Multiplate. In the first part of the study, platelet function was assessed in 60 healthy individuals (30 men and 30 women) in each of three age groups (20–25, 40–45, and 60–65 years). In the second part of the study, the platelet function was analyzed on four occasions during the menstrual cycle in women without oral contraceptives (OCs) (n = 17) and compared to 19 women on OCs and 18 men of similar age (20–40 years). For the women on OCs, aggregation was analyzed once during the tablet-free week and once late during the period with OCs. The men were sampled once. Women of younger age (<45 years) had significantly higher agonist-induced aggregation response than both men and post-menopausal women (60–65 years). The agonist-induced aggregation response did not differ between phases of the menstrual cycle or OC use. The results suggest that estradiol and/or progesterone affect spontaneous aggregation since it was found to be lowest in the mid-luteal phase. Spontaneous aggregation was significantly lower in women on OCs than in both men and women without OCs. Our findings indicate that fertile age is associated with higher aggregation response capacity of the platelets, possibly to prevent excessive bleeding during menstruation, but this response capacity is not altered during the menstrual cycle or by use of OCs.     

不同年龄阿尔茨海默病患者脑核团ADC值与年龄的相关性

目的 探讨不同年龄阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者ADC值与年龄的相关性。方法 选取30例AD患者（AD组）和年龄与之相匹配的30名志愿者（对照组），按年龄段各分为6个亚组[55~59岁（n=3）、60~64岁（n=4）、65~70岁（n=9）、71~74岁（n=5）、75~80岁（n=6）、>80岁（n=3）]，测量双侧海马、红核、尾状核、杏仁体、壳核ADC值，并进行配对t检验、独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析及Pearson相关分析。结果 AD组红核左、右侧ADC值有统计学差异（P=0.022）。AD组不同年龄亚组右侧海马、双侧尾状核、右侧壳核ADC值差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；2组不同年龄亚组双侧海马、壳核、尾状核ADC值差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。AD组右侧海马（r=0.615，P<0.001）、右侧壳核（r=0.653，P=0.001）及双侧尾状核（左侧：r=0.397，P=0.030；右侧：r=0.429，P=0.020）ADC值与年龄呈正相关。结论 AD患者右侧海马和壳核、双侧尾状核ADC值随年龄增加而增大。ADC值可为临床预测和早期诊断AD脑内右侧海马和壳核、双侧尾状核神经退行性病变提供参考。