Correction to: Secretomes reveal several novel proteins as well as TGF-β1 as the top upstream regulator of metastatic process in breast cancer

Purpose

We studied the lymphatic drainage of the upper limb and mammary region directing to the axilla to investigate whether independent pathways can be observed or whether anastomoses and shared drainage occur between them. This analysis aimed to assess the safety of axillary reverse mapping (ARM) in breast cancer treatment and to understand the development of lymphedema after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) alone.

Methods

Seven unfixed stillborn fetuses were injected with a modified Gerota mass in the peri-areolar area, palm and dorsum of the hands, formalin fixed, and then submerged in 10% hydrogen peroxide solution. Microsurgical dissection was then performed on the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the upper limb, axillary region, and anterior thorax to expose the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.

Results

The dye injected into the upper limb reached either the lateral axillary group, known to be exclusively responsible for upper limb drainage, or the anterior group, which is typically related to breast drainage. There was great proximity among the pathways and lymph nodes. Communicating lymphatic vessels among these groups of lymph nodes were also found in all studied cases.

Discussion

Lymphedema remains a challenging morbidity in breast cancer treatment. ARM and SLNB aim to avoid unnecessary damage to the lymphatic drainage of the upper limb. However, our anatomical study suggests that ARM may have potential oncological risks because preserved lymph nodes may harbor malignant cells due their proximity, overlapping drainage pathways, and connecting lymph vessels among lymph nodes.

     

The Impact of laparoscopic surgery of peritoneal endometriosis and endometrioma on the outcome of ICSI cycles

Our objective was to assess the role of laparoscopic removal of ovarian endometriomas and ablation of peritoneal endometriosis on the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) - Embryo Transfer cycles by comparing with the results of patients with untreated endometriomas and tubal factor without underlying endometriosis confirmed by laparoscopy. For this purpose, between 2002 and 2015, outcomes of 257 ICSI cycles of 150 patients, including 91 cycles of 48 patients in minimal endometriosis, 57 cycles of 25 patients in endometrioma removal, 65 cycles of 53 patients in non-operated endometrioma, and 44 cycles of 24 patients in tubal factor groups were retrospectively analyzed. Basal ovarian reserve was significantly lower, mean starting and total gonadotropin consumption was significantly higher, and mean serum E2 on the day of hCG injection, number of dominant follicles, number of retrieved total, and MII oocytes were all significantly lower in the endometrioma cystectomy group. Fertilization and embryo cleavage rates were also significantly the lowest in the endometrioma cystectomy group, whereas clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were comparable among all groups. The number of transferred embryos and duration of infertility were the most significant predictors of clinical pregnancy and live birth. Basal antral follicle count was also significant in predicting live birth.     

An alternative treatment approach to gingival recession: gingiva-colored partial porcelain veneers: a clinical report

This clinical report describes the treatment of excessive gingival recession involving maxillary right and left central incisors in a 30-year-old woman. The loss of the gingival soft tissue caused an increase in crown length. Gingiva-colored partial porcelain laminate veneers were applied to imitate the lost gingiva and to provide a natural anatomical tooth length. This method may be a minimally invasive alternative treatment method for gingival soft tissue loss, providing esthetic results and patient satisfaction.     

Low-dose Clonidine and Neostigmine Prolong the Duration of Intrathecal Bupivacaine-Fentanyl for Labor Analgesia

Background: Intrathecal (IT) opioid and local anesthetic combinations are popular for labor analgesia because of rapid, effective pain relief, but the duration of analgesia is limited. This study was undertaken to determine whether the addition of clonidine and neostigmine to IT bupivacaine-fentanyl would increase the duration of analgesia without increasing side effects for patients in labor.

Methods: Forty-five healthy parturients in active labor were randomized to receive a 2-ml IT dose of one of the following dextrose-containing solutions using the combined spinal-epidural technique: (1) bupivacaine 2.5 mg and fentanyl 25 [mu]g (BF); (2) BF plus clonidine 30 [mu]g (BFC); or (3) BFC plus neostigmine 10 [mu]g (BFCN). Pain, sensory levels, motor block, side effects, maternal vital signs, and fetal heart rate were systematically assessed.

Results: Patients administered BFCN had significantly longer analgesia (165 +/- 32 min) than those who received BF (90 +/- 21 min;P < 0.001) or BFC (123 +/- 21 min;P < 0.001). Pain scores, block characteristics, maternal vital signs, Apgar scores, maternal satisfaction, and side effects were similar among groups except for nausea, which was significantly greater in the BFCN group (P < 0.05 as compared with BFC).     

Wound healing potential of Sambucus ebulus L. leaves and isolation of an active component,quercetin 3-O-glucoside

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The leaves of Sambucus ebulus L. are used in Turkish folk medicine for treatment of high fever, rheumatic pains, snake bites and wounds.

Aim of the study

Four different solvent extracts by using n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and methanol were prepared from the leaves of Sambucus ebulus in order to investigate the claimed wound healing activity in vivo and isolation of active component(s) from the active extract through the bioassay-guided fractionation procedures.

Materials and methods

Linear incision and circular excision wound models on rats and mice were employed. The methanol extract was fractionated by successive chromatographic techniques. Wound healing activity of each fraction was investigated following the bioassay-guided fractionation procedures. Moreover, the tissue samples were examined histopathologically.

Results

Significant wound healing activity was observed for the ointment prepared with methanol extract at 1% concentration. The methanol extract treated groups of animals showed 84.3% contraction in circular excision model, which was close to contraction value of the reference drug Madecassol^® (100%). On the other hand, a significant increase (43.7%) in the wound tensile strength was determined with the same extract on incision wound model. Subfractions showed significant but reduced wound healing activity on both in vivo wound models. A flavonoid derivative “quercetin 3-O-glucoside” was isolated and determined as one of the active component of active final subfraction. The results of histopathological examination supported the outcome of linear incision and circular excision wound models.

Conclusion

The experimental data revealed that the methanolic extract of Sambucus ebulus leaves displayed remarkable wound healing activity.     

Does familial Mediterranean fever affect cognitive function in children? Electrophysiological preliminary study

Objectives: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a periodic autoinflammatory disease with subclinical inflammation occurring between attacks. The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the cognitive function of children diagnosed with FMF that were under colchicine therapy and compare them with healthy controls through electrophysiologically event-related potentials (ERPs) study. Methods: Twelve children with FMF and 12 healthy controls were included in the study. During the electroencephalography recordings, all participants were instructed to discriminate rare stimuli (target stimuli) from frequent stimuli (standard stimuli) by pressing a botton on a mouse immediately following the target stimulus. P300, the cognitive component of ERP, was obtained in response to target stimuli and its amplitude and latency were measured. Results: The amplitude of the P300 of the FMF patients was higher and the latencies of the P300 of the FMF patients were shorter than the amplitudes and latencies of control patients, respectively. The difference between the groups was statistically significant for amplitude but not for latency. Conclusions: Cognitive processing reflecting allocation of attention and visual processing speed seems not to be negatively affected in FMF patients with homozygous M694V mutations undergoing colchicine treatment. As this study is unique in its evaluation of the cognitive function of children with FMF, these findings may be helpful for counseling families and patients affected by the condition.     

Primary Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma on FDG PET/CT

A 69-year-old male smoker was referred to ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with the indication of a suspicious solitary pulmonary nodule. FDG PET/CT determined a 2.5?×?2-cm soft-tissue lesion (SUVmax, 16.2) with spiculated margins in the hilum of the right lung. A 1-cm diameter lymphadenopathy on the right hilum with an SUVmax of 3.2 was also determined. Transbronchial biopsy of the right hilar lymphadenopathy did not reveal any malignant features in histopathologic examination, and it was determined to be reactive. The patient underwent a right upper lobe segmentectomy, and the histopathologic evaluation revealed that the tumor was a primary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the lung with negative Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) on in situ hybridization studies. In this case report, we mainly focus on the FDG avidity of this very rare kind of tumor comparatively with previous reports and possible explanations of discordancy in FDG avidity in relation to histopathologic characteristics.     

Comparison of the marginal fit of different coping materials and designs produced by computer aided manufacturing systems

In this study, marginal adaptations of different copings fabricated with CAD/CAM or MAD/CAM were analysed. Celay and Zirkonzahn groups were fabricated by MAD/CAM, LAVA and DC-Zircon groups were fabricated by CAD/CAM. Casting metal copings were used as the control group. An implant abutment that was embedded in octagonal acrylic block was used to prepare the copings. Sixteen previously established points were marked and the measurements were performed with the stereomicroscope (at × 150). The marginal fit of the samples were evaluated by calculating the mean measurements of each 16 points. The statistical analysis was performed by Tukey multiple comparisons test at 95% confidence interval. The groups can be summarized as follows in terms of marginal gap, from the lowest to highest: LAVA (24.6 ± 14.0 μm)相似文献   

Erythropoietin in neonatal brain protection: the past, the present and the future

Over the last decade, neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin (Epo) and its underlying mechanisms in terms of signal transduction pathways have been defined and there is a growing interest in the potential therapeutic use of Epo for neuroprotection. Several mechanisms by which Epo provides neuroprotection are recognized. In this review, we focused on the neuroprotective mechanisms of Epo and provide a short overview on both experimental and clinical studies, testing Epo as a neuroprotective agent in the neonatal brain injury, and the safety concerns with the clinical use of Epo treatment in neonates.     

Turkish adolescents' knowledge on and attitude toward emergency contraception

ObjectiveAdolescents tend to be at risk for unwanted pregnancies, so detecting their level of knowledge on emergency contraception and providing them information is important to prevent such pregnancies. Hence, in two faculties at Gazi University, this study aimed to detect freshman students' level and need of knowledge on emergency contraception and to evaluate their attitude towards emergency contraception.Materials and MethodsThe study was performed with freshman students of the Occupational Education Faculty and the Technical Education Faculty. A questionnaire including questions about demographic properties, obstetrical history, status of contraceptive use, level of knowledge and opinions on emergency contraception was administered to the students. Data was analyzed statistically with the computer program EPI Info 6.0.ResultsA total number of 385 adolescents were included in the studys; 157 of whom were males (40.8%) and 228 of whom were females (59.2%). To the question “is there any way to prevent a possible pregnancy after an unprotected sexual intercourse?”, 166 students replied “yes” (50.5%), 39 “no” (11.9%) and 124 “I do not know” (37.7%). Of 166 students replying “yes,” 114 (68.7%) listed a possible contraceptive method. The mostly cited method was “morning after pills” (n = 62; 54.4%), followed by curettage (n = 15; 13.2%). Among all students, 158 (49.8%) informed us that they were aware of the presence of “morning after pills” whereas 159 (50.2%) claimed they were not. Eighty-six male students (70.5%) and 115 female students (72%) emphasized that they would use emergency contraception upon necessity.ConclusionHalf of the participants were familiar with various options to prevent pregnancy after an unprotected sexual intercourse episode, but they lacked specific knowledge about possible methods and ways to use them. Thus, it is essential that information about emergency contraception be included in adolescents' educational programs and that adolescents be provided with easily accessible medical services.