Clinical experiences with a new membrane oxygenator with low priming volume (D702 MASTER FLO 51), studies during pulsatile and constant flow perfusion

The newly developed oxygenator "D702" is a compact hollow fiber membrane oxygenator with a priming volume of 170 ml. The maximum flow allowance is 4 liters per/minute. We used this oxygenator in 16 patients (11 infants and children, and 5 adults) undergoing various open heart surgery, and function of this oxygenator was studied. Pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass was performed in 8 patients and nonpulsatile constant flow perfusion was employed in the remaining 8 patients. Our clinical experience showed excellent maintenance of PaO2 and PaCO2 during both pulsatile and constant flow bypasses. A low pressure drop was encountered across the membrane oxygenator, and therefore, this oxygenator is applicable for pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. The D702 is a very useful and applicable for a wide range of patients from infants to adults with a small body structure.     

Divergent expression and localization of aquaporin 5, an exocrine-type water channel,in the submandibular gland of Sprague-Dawley rats

By Western blot analysis, the expression level of aquaporin (AQP) 5 in the submandibular gland (SMG) was found to be different among individual rats of the Sprague-Dawley (SD) strain. Such differences were observed for AQP5 but not for AQP1 and consequently the SD strain was divided into two groups, one expressing a high level of AQP5 and the other a low one. The difference in average intensity of expression between the two groups was more than twofold. Immunohistochemical analysis of the SMG demonstrated that the AQP5 protein was localized in the basal and apical/lateral plasma membrane of acinar cells in rats expressing the high level of AQP5. In the rat expressing the low level, however, this channel protein was localized strongly in the apical/lateral plasma membrane, but only very weakly in the basal membrane of the acinar cells. Such a diverse localization of AQP5 was confirmed by Western blotting as well. Breeding between brother and sister was repeated for two times within high expressers and low expressers to obtain the third generation progenies (F2); the AQP5 level of the SMG in the third generation (F2 rats) from high expressers was significantly higher than the F2 from low expressers. Our present study suggests the existence of genetic variation in the expression of a water channel protein, AQP5, in rats.     

Interleukin 2 (IL2) is assigned to human chromosome 4

The human gene for interleukin 2 (IL2)was assigned to chromosome 4 using human-mouse somatic cell hybrids and Southern filter hybridization of cell hybrid DNA. To identify IL2,a recombinant DNA probe (pIL2-50A) was used which contained a human interleukin 2 cDNA insert which hybridized to a 3.5-kb fragment in human DNA when cleaved with the restriction enzyme EcoRL.     

SOLITARY GASTRIC POLYPS IN THE FUNDIC GLAND AREA A Histochemical Study

Six solitary gastric polyps in the acid-secreting fundic mucosa were histo-chemically investigated using the mucin histochemistry, immunoperoxidase method, and silver methods for endocrine cells. Histologically, the polyps were grouped into three types : they largely consisted of either hyperplastic foveolar cells (group 1), normal-appearing fundic gland cells with mild cystic changes (group 2) or hyperplastic fundic gland cells with cystic dilatation (group 3). The presence of parietal cells and mucous neck cells was confirmed in all polyps by the immunoperoxidase method using parietal cell autoantibody and the paradoxical Concanavalin A staining, respectively. Regarding the endocrine component, somatostatin-containing cells, Grimelius-positive argyrophil cells, and Fontana-Masson-positive enterochromaffin cells were scattered in the fundic gland area of the polyps as well as in the surrounding normal-appearing fundic mucosa. Gastrin-containing cells were absent. In one of the group 2 polyps and both group 3 polyps, a varying number of glicentin-containing cells were found among the fundic gland components : In one polyp in group 3, glucagon immunoreactivity was detected in the glicentin-containing cells. These findings suggest that some of the polyps express characteristics of the fetal fundic mucosa, since glicentin and glucagon immunoreactivities in normal human stomach have been detected exclusively in the fetal fundus. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 831–840, 1985.     

Reaction products of diphenyl sulfide with formaldehyde. Formaldehyde resins. 98

The acid-catalyzed condensation of formaldehyde and diphenyl sulfide was carried out in benzene in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid. From the products, four poly(methylene diphenyl sulfides) of the following structures were isolated.      

Focal hyperplasia of intracytoplasmic filaments in the canine parathyroid gland treated with nalidixic acid

Focal hyperplasia of intracytoplasmic filaments of 100A in diameter was observed within chief cells of the parathyroid gland in dogs treated with nalidixic acid. The structure, as a rule, was located in the neighborhood of the nucleus and no other cell organelles were detected within it. Its size had a wide spectrum from a small part of the cytoplasm to as large as half a cell. Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the involved cells had a tendency to atrophy. These cells occasionally contained less secretory granules. Lipid droplets are diffusely increased. The pathogenesis and significance of the present intracytoplasmic filaments remain to be determined. However, as lipid deposition, atrophy of Golgi apparatus, poorly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum occur in a hypofunctional or degenerative state, it might be possible that filamentous hyperplasia is closely associated with that state.     

Reduced-intensity unrelated cord blood transplantation for patients with advanced malignant lymphoma.

We report the results of reduced-intensity unrelated cord blood transplantation (RI-UCBT) in patients with advanced malignant lymphoma. Twenty patients (median age, 46.5 years; range, 27-66 years) underwent RI-UCBT with a preparative regimen consisting of fludarabine 125 mg/m2 , melphalan 80 mg/m 2 , and 4 Gy of total body irradiation. The median infused total cell dose was 2.75 x 10(7)/kg (range, 2.3-3.4 x 10(7)/kg). Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was composed of cyclosporine or tacrolimus alone. Fifteen patients achieved primary neutrophil engraftment after a median of 20 days. Eight patients developed grade II to IV acute GVHD, and 2 developed chronic GVHD. Of the 16 patients with evaluable disease, 10 achieved a complete response. Primary disease recurred in 1 patient, and transplant-related mortality within 100 days occurred in 8 of 20 patients. The estimated 1-year probability of progression-free survival was 50%. These data suggest that RI-UCBT is a feasible option for patients with refractory lymphoma who lack an HLA-matched donor.