Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay kit for estrogen receptor measurement--report II

We present evidence to show that monoclonal antibodies to estrogen receptors (ER) in solid phase recognize the secondary estrogen binding sites with moderate to low affinity for estradiol (E2). An excellent quantitative agreement was found in five cytosols between the ER values obtained by the enzyme immunoassay (ER-EIA) and the amount of secondary estrogen binding sites measured by the assay involving dextran-coated charcoal (Clin Chem 1986;32:1496). The immunoreactive protein recognized by the antibody-coated beads, when allowed to react with ER(+) cytosols, is shown to bind [3H]estradiol only when the ligand concentration exceeds 8 nmol/L. Further biochemical and functional characterization of the immunoreactive protein is required to establish similarities/dissimilarities between this protein, high-affinity Type I ER sites, and the secondary sites such as Type II sites.     

Die klassifikatorische und pr?diktive Qualit?t des Merkmals “suicide intent” bei Parasuiziden Eine clusteranalytische Untersuchung Eine clusteranalytische Untersuchung

In einer clusteranalytischen Untersuchung mit 137 Patienten, die einen Parasuizid verübt hatten, wurden 6 Subgruppen unter Berücksichtigung der Klassifikationsvariable “suicide intent” isoliert. Es wurde die Hypothese geprüft, dass sich sowohl die Motivstrukturen als auch die Raten an wiederholten Parasuiziden in Abh?ngigkeit der Clusterl?sung bedeutsam voneinander unterscheiden. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Annahme einer zunehmenden Ausdifferenzierung der interpersonell orientierten Motivstrukturen mit sinkendem bzw. einer Einengung der Motivstruktur auf den Todeswunsch mit steigendem “suicide intent”. Es wurden folgende Subgruppen differenziert: eine Suizid-Hochrisikogruppe mit ausschlie?licher Todesintention und -motivation, 2 moderate Suizid-Risikogruppen mit hoher Todesintention und leichten Tendenzen zu interpersoneller Motivation, eine Subgruppe, gekennzeichnet durch eine manipulativ/strategisch orientierte Motivstruktur und auff?llig h?ufigen Parasuizidwiederholungen, eine Subgruppe mit vorrangig appellativ orientierten Motiven, Kontrollverlust und vergleichsweise seltenen Parasuizidwiederholungen und eine Subgruppe mit ambivalenter Motivstruktur (interpersonell und todesorientiert).     

Delayed presentation of traumatic popliteal artery pseudoaneurysms: a review of seven cases.

OBJECTIVES: to examine the management and outcome of patients with traumatic popliteal artery pseudoaneurysms with delayed presentation. MATERIALS: over a 2-year period 7 patients with traumatic popliteal pseudoaneurysms presenting to a tertiary referral unit after a delay of 1 month were reviewed. METHODS: a retrospective review of clinical records. RESULTS: the median interval between injury and presentation was 1.5 months (range 1-24 months). Penetrating trauma from gunshot wounds was the cause of the initial vascular injury in 6 patients and a stab wound in one. All patients had large pseudoaneurysms of more than 8 cm filling the popliteal fossa with variable degrees of fixed flexion deformity (FFD) of the knee. Severe FFD of more than 40 degrees was noted in 2 patients and 3 others had mild flexion deformities of 10 to 20 degrees. Six patients underwent repair of the pseudoaneurysm. One patient required an above knee amputation due to an infected false aneurysm. There were no deaths or graft related complications. Despite aggressive post-operative physiotherapy only 2 patients were able to completely straighten the leg at the time of discharge. CONCLUSIONS: in patients with neglected popliteal artery pseudoaneurysms, morbidity is associated with the pre-operative degree of fixed flexion deformity of the knee.     

The effect of bracing on proprioception of knees with anterior cruciate ligament injury.

This paper is a comprehensive review on the effect of bandaging, bracing, and neoprene sleeves on knee proprioception following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction with a focus on studies that have measured joint position sense and threshold to detection of passive knee motion. Disruption of the ACL does not appear to alter joint position sense soon after injury, although there is evidence that in some subjects deterioration may occur over time. An ACL tear creates a deficit in the threshold to detection of passive knee motion soon after injury and in those with chronic tears. The magnitude of worsening is less then 1.0 degree of movement in flexion-extension and of questionable concern from a clinical and functional perspective. Application of a functional brace or neoprene sleeve to the ACL-deficient limb does not improve the threshold to detection of passive knee motion; however, application of an elastic bandage to a knee with an ACL tear improves joint position sense. Reconstruction of a torn ACL is associated with a deficit in the threshold to detection of passive knee motion, and during the first year of healing the use of a neoprene sleeve provides improvement. Two years following ACL reconstruction there is no deficit in the threshold to detection of passive knee motion and the use of a brace has no effect on this outcome.     

Iron Fortification of Flours in Venezuela

This paper reviews a conference about the impact of the iron fortification program in Venezuela; it was presented at the Pan American Health Organization regional technical meeting: "Iron Fortification: Where Are We in Terms of Iron Compounds," held in Washington January 10–12, 2001. Some of the data presented were published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , including stimulating results about the impact of fortification of precooked corn and white wheat flours, as well as the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in the Venezuelan population. This article reports results from three surveys carried out in 1997, 1998, and 1999 on the same age and socioeconomic group that had been evaluated in 1990, 1992, and 1994. This article also shows the impact of iron fortification programs and the influence of other factors on the prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia during the last 7 years.     

Effects of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of epirubicin

Summary Experimental data suggest that multidrug resistance in cancer may be overcome by using an increased dose of anticancer agent(s) in combination with a resistance-modifying agent (RMA). We studied the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of both epirubicin (EPI) and verapamil (VPL) to explore the possible pharmacokinetic interactions between these two drugs. Ten patients with advanced breast cancer were given EPI (40 mg/m² in a daily i.v. bolus for 3 consecutive days), and five of them also received VPL (4×120 mg/daily p.o. for 4 consecutive days). The data indicated a significant interaction between these two drugs that affected their metabolism. The areas under the concentration-time curves (AUC) obtained for epirubicin glucuronide, epirubicinol glucuronide, and both of the 7-deoxy-aglycones were higher in the EPI+VPL group as compared with the EPI group. The AUC, terminal half-life, mean residence time, volume of distribution at steady state, and plasma clearance of EPI alone as compared with EPI+VPL did not differ significantly. These results suggest either an induction of enzymes necessary for drug metabolism or an increase in the liver blood flow, resulting in an enhanced generation of metabolites with time or in an inhibition of excretion processes. Comparisons of the AUC values obtained for EPI and its metabolites after the first, second, and third injections of EPI revealed a cumulative effect for the metabolites that was more pronounced in the EPI+VPL group, being significant (P<0.05) for epirubicin glucuronide in both treatment groups and for epirubicinol glucuronide in the EPI+VPL group. Maximal concentrations of VPL and nor-VPL reached 705±473 and 308±122 ng/ml, respectively, with the steady-state concentrations being 265±42 ng/ml for VPL and 180±12 ng/ml for nor-VPL.This study was supported by the Erich und Gertrud Roggenbuck-Stiftung zur Förderung der Krebsforschung (Hamburg). The anthracycline metabolites were kindly provided by Dr. A. Suarato (Farmitalia, Milano, Italy); nor verapamil was provided by Dr. Traugott (Knoll, Ludwigshafen, Germany)