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Ann Marie McCarthy Charmaine Kleiber Kirsten Hanrahan M. Bridget Zimmerman Nina Westhus Susan Allen 《Children's Health Care》2013,42(2):125-141
This study evaluates the impact of parent-provided distraction on children's responses (behavioral, physiological, parent, and self-report) during an IV insertion. Participants were 542 children, 4 to 10 years old, randomized to an experimental group that received a parent distraction coaching intervention or to routine care. Experimental group children had significantly less cortisol responsivity (p = .026). Children that received the highest level of distraction coaching had the lowest distress on behavioral, parent report, and cortisol measures. When parents provide a higher frequency and quality of distraction, children have lower distress responses on most measures. 相似文献
74.
Nina Jeppesen Edin Joe Alexander Sandvik Hilde Synn?ve Vollan Katharina Reger Agnes G?rlach Erik Olai Pettersen 《Journal of radiation research》2013,54(6):1015-1028
In this study, a mechanism in which low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) is permanently removed, induced by low-dose-rate (LDR) (0.2–0.3 Gy/h for 1 h) but not by high-dose-rate priming (0.3 Gy at 40 Gy/h) was investigated. One HRS-negative cell line (NHIK 3025) and two HRS-positive cell lines (T-47D, T98G) were used. The effects of different pretreatments on HRS were investigated using the colony assay. Cell-based ELISA was used to measure nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels, and microarray analysis to compare gene expression in primed and unprimed cells. The data show how permanent removal of HRS, previously found to be induced by LDR priming irradiation, can also be induced by addition of nitric oxide (NO)-donor DEANO combined with either high-dose-rate priming or exposure to prolonged cycling hypoxia followed by reoxygenation, a treatment not involving radiation. The removal of HRS appears not to involve DNA damage induced during priming irradiation as it was also induced by LDR irradiation of cell-conditioned medium without cells present. The permanent removal of HRS in LDR-primed cells was reversed by treatment with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1400W. Furthermore, 1400W could also induce HRS in an HRS-negative cell line. The data suggest that LDR irradiation for 1 h, but not 15 min, activates iNOS, and also that sustained iNOS activation is necessary for the permanent removal of HRS by LDR priming. The data indicate that nitric oxide production is involved in the regulatory processes determining cellular responses to low-dose-rate irradiation. 相似文献
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Nina C. Di Pietro PhD Judy Illes PhD 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》2013,38(5):1009-1013
MRI is used routinely in research with children to generate new knowledge about brain development. The detection of unexpected brain abnormalities (incidental findings; IFs) in these studies presents unique challenges. While key issues surrounding incidence and significance, duty of care, and burden of disclosure have been addressed substantially for adults, less empirical data and normative analyses exist for minors who participate in minimal risk research. To identify ethical concerns and fill existing gaps, we conducted a comprehensive review of papers that focused explicitly on the discovery of IFs in minors. The discourse in the 21 papers retrieved for this analysis amply covered practical issues such as informed consent and screening, difficulties in ascertaining clinical significance, the economic costs and burden of responsibility on researchers, and risks (physical or psychological). However, we found little discussion about the involvement of minors in decisions about disclosure of IFs in the brain, especially for IFs of low clinical significance. In response, we propose a framework for managing IFs that integrates practical considerations with explicit appreciation of rights along the continuum of maturity. This capacity‐adjusted framework emphasizes the importance of involving competent minors and respecting their right to make decisions about disclosure. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1009–1013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Jamal A. Ahmed Edna Moturi Paul Spiegel Marian Schilperoord Wagacha Burton Nailah H. Kassim Abdinoor Mohamed Melvin Ochieng Leonard Nderitu Carlos Navarro-Colorado Heather Burke Susan Cookson Thomas Handzel Lilian W. Waiboci Joel M. Montgomery Eyasu Teshale Nina Marano 《Emerging infectious diseases》2013,19(6):1010-1011
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Carin M. Van Gelder L. Alex Pranger William P. Wiesmann Nina Stachenfeld Sandy Bogucki 《Prehospital emergency care》2013,17(2):225-235
Objective. Develop experimental models to study uncompensable heat stress (UCHS) in working firefighters (FFs). Methods. FFs ingested core temperature (Tc) capsules prior to performing sequential tasks in 40°C andpersonal protective ensemble (PPE), or 18°C andno PPE. Both trials were conducted in an environmental chamber with FFs using self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Results. FFs exercising in heat andPPE reproduced UCHS conditions. For every FF in both trials for whom the capsules worked, Tc was elevated, andTcmax occurred after completion of study protocol. Trials with PPE resulted in a mean maximum temperature of 38.94°C (± 0.37°C); Tcmax reached 40.4°C. Without PPE, maximum Tc averaged 37.79°C (± 0.07°C). Heat storage values ranged from 131 to 1205 kJ, averaging 578 kJ (± 151.47kJ) with PPE and210.83 kJ (± 21.77kJ) without PPE. Conclusions. An experimental model has been developed that simulates the initial phases of an interior fire attack to study the physiology of UCHS in FF. The hot environment andPPE increase maximum Tc andheat storage over that due to the exertion required to perform the tasks andmay decrease time to volitional fatigue. This model will permit controlled studies to optimize work-rest cycles, rehab conditions, andphysical conditioning of FFs. 相似文献
80.
Stephen R. Tabet Anna Maria A. Voltura Nina Wallerstein Frederick T. Koster 《Teaching and learning in medicine》2013,25(3):156-161
The reluctance of students in health professions to care for AIDS patients is partially based on the perceived risk of transmission of HIV from patient contact. We hypothesize that fear of contagion is due to lack of knowledge and deep‐rooted attitudes and emotions existing even in areas of low HIV seroprevalence. We tested this hypothesis on medical, nursing, and medical technology students. Using a questionnaire that yielded four scales, results showed only 58% of students were knowledgeable, 81% were fearful of contagion, 57% were homophobic, and 8% had death anxiety. Lack of knowledge was correlated with fear of contagion (p < .05), whereas homophobia was weakly associated (p = .08). We conclude that this perceived risk of infection is a result of lack of knowledge, disbelief of the facts, and the interplay of personal values and emotions. Alternative educational methods are needed to increase students’ knowledge and to encourage students to examine their personal feelings and attitudes. 相似文献