Multimodal Dispersion of Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Size Distribution with 9 Size Measurement Methods

Purpose

Evaluation of particle size distribution (PSD) of multimodal dispersion of nanoparticles is a difficult task due to inherent limitations of size measurement methods. The present work reports the evaluation of PSD of a dispersion of poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles decorated with dextran known as multimodal and developed as nanomedecine.

Methods

The nine methods used were classified as batch particle i.e. Static Light Scattering (SLS) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), single particle i.e. Electron Microscopy (EM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS) and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and separative particle i.e. Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation coupled with DLS (AsFlFFF) size measurement methods.

Results

The multimodal dispersion was identified using AFM, TRPS and NTA and results were consistent with those provided with the method based on a separation step prior to on-line size measurements. None of the light scattering batch methods could reveal the complexity of the PSD of the dispersion.

Conclusions

Difference between PSD obtained from all size measurement methods tested suggested that study of the PSD of multimodal dispersion required to analyze samples by at least one of the single size particle measurement method or a method that uses a separation step prior PSD measurement.

     

Clinical observation of warm acupuncture in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy

目的：观察温针治疗糖尿病周围神经病患者的临床疗效及对胫神经和腓总神经传导速度的影响。方法：把52例符合纳入标准的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组26例．两组均在基础治疗上,治疗组采用温针疗法。每日1次,每星期治疗6次,共治疗4星期。对照组肌注弥可保（甲钴胺针）500μg,每日1次,共治疗4星期。检查并记录治疗前后两组患者临床症状及胫神经、腓总神经传导速度,并进行比较。结果：治疗4星期后,治疗组总有效率为88．5％,对照组为61．5％,两组,临床疗效比较治疗组优于对照组（P〈0．05）;神经传导速度比较两组治疗后均优于治疗前,差异有统计学意5Z．（P〈0．05）;治疗后比较治疗组胫神经感觉神经传导速度及腓总神经运动传导速度均优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：温针疗法治疗糖尿病周围神经病具有良好的临床疗效,且可以改善神经传导速度,是治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的有效方法之一。     

Clinical observation on Governor Vessel-unblocking and brain-refreshing scalp acupuncture for cerebral palsy complicated with intellectual disabilities

Objective

To observe the clinical efficacy of Governor Vessel-unblocking and brain-refreshing scalp acupuncture for cerebral palsy (CP) complicated with intellectual disabilities.

Methods

A total of 300 CP cases aged between 1 and 5 years were randomly allocated into a treatment group (n=150) and a control group (n=150). Patients in the treatment group were treated with Governor Vessel-unblocking and brainrefreshing scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training, whereas patients in the control group received rehabilitation training alone. The Beijing Gesell developmental (Gesell) scale and gross motor function measure (GMFM) scale were used to assess the motor and intellectual development before and 3 months after the treatment. In addition, the head CT/MRI examination was applied to assess the brain nerve repair before and after the treatment.

Results

After the treatment, the total effective rate in the treatment group was 78.0%, versus 42.7% in the control group, showing a statistical significance (P<0.05). As for scores of five subscales in the Gesell scale, there were significant intra-group differences in the treatment group (all P<0.05); and the scores in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group (all P<0.05). As for scores of five dimensions in GMFM scale, there were significant intra-group differences in the treatment group (all P<0.05); and the scores in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group (all P<0.05). According to the head CT/MRI findings, the total effective rate was 73.3% in the treatment group, versus 62.0% in the control group, showing a statistical significance (P<0.05).

Conclusion

When used in combination with rehabilitative training, Governor Vessel-unblocking and brain-refreshing scalp acupuncture can significantly improve the clinical efficacy for cerebral palsy complicated with intellectual disabilities. It can also improve the patients’ motor function, intelligence and language ability.

     

Observation on the efficacy of electroacupuncture plus TDP for treating 60 functional dyspepsia patients

目的:观察电针加TDP治疗功能性消化不良的疗效.方法:采用电针力TDP治疗功能性消化不良60例,并与多潘立酮治疗的60例进行疗效对比观察.结果:经过10日治疗后,治疗组治愈率为33.3%,总有效率为91.7%;对照组治愈率为13.3%,总有效率为66.7%.两组差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).结论:电针加TDP治疗功能性消化不艮疗效较好.     

杵针结合中药熏洗治疗颈椎病的临床疗效研究（英文）

目的:观察杵针结合中药熏洗治疗颈椎病的临床效果,为颈椎病治疗提供更安全有效的治疗方法。方法:将54例颈椎病患者按就诊顺序随机分为2组,每组27例,两组患者均采用相同的中药熏蒸治疗。治疗组在中药熏洗基础上加用杵针大椎八阵穴、风府八阵穴、河车路脑户至大椎段治疗,对照组则加用常规针刺治疗。观察两组治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分及疼痛分级指数(pain rating index,PRI)积分,比较两组近期及远期临床疗效。结果:治疗结束时,两组V AS评分均较本组治疗前下降,且治疗组V AS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗结束后1个月、3个月及6个月,两组V AS评分均与本组治疗前差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗结束时,治疗组P RI感觉分及P RI总分的减少值均高于对照组,组间差异均有统计学(均P<0.01),而P RI情绪分的减少值组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗结束时治疗组总有效率为85.2%,对照组为65.4%,两组总有效率具有统计学差异(P<0.05);治疗结束6个月后随访,治疗组总有效率为92.6%,对照组为76.9%,两组总有效率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:杵针治疗颈椎病疗效肯定且稳定。     

Influence of moxa smoke on mitochondrial transmembrane potential and Bax/Bcl-2 in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells

Objective

To investigate the influence of moxibustion products on mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) and mRNA expression of Bax/Bcl-2 in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells, and to further explore influence of moxibustion products on the oxidative damage of A549 cells.

Methods

Smoke and particles generated by moxibustion were collected using the filter box for gas sampling. The moxa smoke extract (MSE) was diluted sequentially to the final concentrations of 0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL using the cell culture medium, and A549 cells were then intervened by the above MSE solution. Cell MTP was detected by JC-1 staining. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression of A549 cells.

Results

Compared with cells in the normal control group, MTP was significantly decreased in cells of 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention groups (P<0.01); while MTP showed no significant changes in cells of 0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL MSE intervention groups (P>0.05); compared with cells in 0.05 mg/mL MSE intervention group, MTP was decreased significantly in cells of 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention groups (P<0.05 ); compared with cells in 0.1 mg/mL MSE intervention group, MTP was decreased significantly in cells of 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention group (P<0.01). Bax mRNA expression of cells in each concentration of MSE intervention group all showed no significant difference compared to that in the normal control group; Bcl-2 mRNA expression of cells was reduced with the increase of MSE intervention concentration. Wherein, Bcl-2 mRNA expressions of cells in 0.4 mg/mL and 0.3 mg/mL MSE intervention groups were significantly reduced compared with that of cells in the normal control group (P<0.05); Bcl-2 mRNA expression of cells in 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention group was significantly reduced compared to that in 0.05 mg/mL MSE intervention group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Certain higher concentration of moxa smoke could reduce MTP and mRNA expression of the anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2 in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells. Oxidative damage may be the important mechanism of apoptosis caused by the high concentration of moxa smoke solution, and further studies are necessary on the specific mechanisms.

     

Comparative study of electroacupuncture and moxibustion in influencing Tianshu (ST 25) regions mast cells in visceral hyperalgesia rats

Objective

To evaluate and compare electroacupunctures (EA) with different parameters and moxibustion at different temperatures influencing the activation of mast cells (MC) in Tianshu (ST 25) regions of visceral hyperalgesia model rats.

Methods

Rats (except for model group) respectively accepted 1 mA or 3 mA EA or moxibustion at 43 °C or 4 °C to stimulate Tianshu (ST 25) points after randomization of the fifty visceral hyperalgesia model rats, and then were compared with that in model and normal groups. Number, degranulation numbers, degranulation rates in Tianshu (ST 25) regions MC of rats in each group were observed using toluidine blue staining. Abdominal withdrawl reflex (AWR) score was used to evaluate the rat visceral hyperalgesia reactions.

Results

Compared with the normal group and the model group, MC numbers (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.01), degranulation numbers and degranulation rates (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01) of Tianshu (ST 25) MC in regions tissues in 43 °C and 4 °C moxibustion groups, and 1 mA and 3 mA EA groups all increased significantly. Compared with the model group, AWR scores were significantly lower in 43 °C and 4 °C moxibustion groups, and 1 mA and 3 mA EA groups under the stimulation of 20 mmHg, 40 mmHg, 0 mmHg or 80 mmHg colorectal distension (CRD) (P<0.05 in 1 mA and 3 mA EA groups under the stimulation of 20 mmHg, P<0.01 in the other groups). AWR scores in 43 °C and 4 °C oxibustion groups under the stimulation of 20 mmHg, 40 mmHg, 0 mmHg or 80 mmHg CRD were not significantly different from those in the normal group (all P>0.05); AWR scores in 1 mA EA group under the stimulation of 0 mmHg or 80 mmHg were significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01); AWR score in 3 mA EA group under the stimulation of 0 mmHg was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01), and AWR scores in 3 mA EA group under the stimulation of 20 mmHg or 80 mmHg were also higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05). AWR scores were higher in 1 mA EA group under the stimulation of 40 mmHg or 80 mmHg than that in 4 °C moxibustion group (P<0.05); AWR score was higher in 3 mA EA group under the stimulation of 40 mmHg than that in 4 °C moxibustion group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

There are differences among EA of different parameters and moxibustion of different temperatures in activating on Tianshu (ST 25) regions MC of visceral hyperalgesia model rats, as well as in improving the visceral hyperalgesia reaction. The effect of 4 °C moxibustion is the most significant.

     

Clinical trial on the role of tuina in rehabilitation therapy following total hip replacement

目的：观察推拿在全髋关节置换术后康复治疗中的临床疗效。方法：将60例患者随机分成治疗组和对照组。治疗组30例进行推拿结合康复治疗,对照组30例进行单纯康复治疗。两组均治疗2星期。分别观察两组患者术后7天、术后2星期、术后6星期的改良人工髋关节Harris量表及汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale,HAMA）。结果：Harris量表评分总分,两组组内患者不同时间点多重比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后1天、术后7天及术后6星期两组间比较,差畀均无统计学意义（A,0．05）;术后2星期两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。HAMA量表两组组内患者不同时间点多重比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后1天两纽间评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;术后7天、术后2星期、术后6星期两组间评分均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：单位时间内,推拿结合康复治疗对全髋关节置换术后患者的疼痛、关节活动范围及焦虑等方面的改善作用优于单纯康复治疗。     

Treatment of 97 cases of prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc by manipulations of bone setting plus acupuncture

先应用改良斜扳法和旋转定位扳法对腰椎间盘突出症患者进行手法复位,然后取水沟和委中为主穴,进行针剌治疗.共治疗97例患者,治愈58例,好转35例,无效4例,总有效率95.9%.     

拔罐疗法的临床应用与研究进展（英文）

收集、整理并总结了中国知网、重庆维普、万方三大中文数据库中关于拔罐疗法的医学文献,检索标题或关键词为"拔罐"或"走罐"或"闪罐"或"刺络拔罐"或"药罐",搜索范围为1953年至2015年7月15日收录的医学文献。从拔罐疗法的临床表现形式、临床适应症及机制研究进展三个方面进行总结和探讨,力求从临床应用及作用机理研究两个不同角度对拔罐疗法做全面详尽的综述。文献分析结果表明拔罐疗法发展至今有多种表现形式,治疗疾病范围涵盖内、外、妇、儿多个学科,其作用机制主要是负压吸引、提升痛阈、增加皮肤血流量及增强机体免疫力。