卡托普利对大鼠t-PA和PAI-1活性的作用

目的评价卡托普利对大鼠血浆t-PA和PAI-1活性水平的影响。方法给大鼠应用三种剂量的卡托普利,观察其对大鼠血浆t-PA和PAI-1活性水平的作用。结果卡托普利治疗后使大鼠血浆t-PA活性升高,PAI-1活性及PAI-1/t-PA活性比值显著降低,这种作用呈某种程度的剂量依赖性。结论卡托普利能增强大鼠纤溶系统的活性,这种作用呈某种程度的剂量依赖性。     

Modulation of liver tumor blood flow with hepatic arterial epinephrine: a SPECT study

Changes in the relative arterial flow to hepatic tumors and adjacent normal liver, in response to varied doses of hepatic arterial epinephrine, were studied with single photon emission computed tomography. In 18 patients with known hepatic tumors, hepatic artery perfusion scans were obtained with the concurrent infusion of technetium-99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin and escalating doses of epinephrine (0-10 micrograms/min). Regions of interest were drawn around tumor and adjacent normal liver in three planes, and the average tumor-to-liver ratio (T:L) was calculated. In all 18 patients, there was a measurable baseline T:L perfusion advantage (range, 1.7-18.7; mean, 4.8). In 12 of 18 patients, this ratio increased with epinephrine (range, 1.1-53.6 times the baseline value; mean, 7.1). In six patients, no improvement in T:L could be demonstrated. In 14 patients the lung shunt index, a measurement of arteriovenous shunting, increased with escalating doses of epinephrine. This pilot study suggests that the infusion of epinephrine may improve the therapeutic index of certain regional therapies such as bolus drug infusions, hepatic arterial embolization, and radioactive microsphere therapy.     

Carbamazepine levels in breast milk

The carbamazepine (CBZ) concentration of breast milk was determined in 19 epileptic patients of whom 13 were receiving CBZ monotherapy. Two lactation periods under CBZ monotherapy were followed in 2 of these 13 patients. The CBZ concentration of the breast milk was 36.4% of the maternal CBZ serum level (mean value). The correlation coefficient was 0.44; the regression line follows the equation y = 0.12X + 1.63. The CBZ concentration was measured in a total of 50 milk samples during the lactation period (cases of monotherapy plus combination therapy). The CBZ concentration ranged from 1 to 4.8 micrograms/ml (mean 2.5 micrograms/ml). The free CBZ concentration in the maternal serum was measured in four patients. The correlation between CBZ in the breast milk and free CBZ levels was 1.6 to 1.8. The ratio of carbamazepine-epoxide (ECBZ) in the milk to ECBZ determined in serum was 0.53. Continuing galactorrhea after delivery was observed in one patient. The CBZ and ECBZ levels determined 3.5 years after delivery were higher in the milk than in the serum. The observations of breast-fed and non-breast-fed children whose mothers were on CBZ monotherapy disclosed poor suckling in only 1 of 15 infants.