妊娠早期糖化血红蛋白联合PAPP-A对妊娠期糖尿病的预测意义

目的:探讨妊娠早期血清学指标糖化血红蛋白(glycohemoglobin,HbA1c)联合妊娠相关血浆蛋白A(pregnancy-associated plasma protein A,PAPP-A)对妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)的预测意义。方法:随机选取2018年12月1日-2019年7月30日孕11~13+6周于我院门诊产检的妊娠妇女,进行临床资料采集并记录妊娠早期(11~13+6周)空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、HbA1c、PAPP-A中位数倍数(multiple of the median,MoM)水平,根据孕24~28周进行的75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)结果将研究对象分为研究组和对照组,统计分析妊娠早期血清学指标预测GDM的最佳截断值并得出最适宜的联合预测方案。结果:多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高水平FPG和HbA1c、低水平PAPP-A、受孕方式采用辅助生殖技术、有家族糖尿病史以及妊娠早期体质量指数(BMI)为超重或肥胖均是GDM发生的独立危险因素。有糖尿病家族史和使用辅助生殖技术受孕发生GDM的风险显著增高(OR分别为7.206和47.512,均P<0.001)。分析不同预测指标的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)显示,PAPP-A MoM联合HbA1c及FPG诊断时AUC最大(0.728),其后依次为PAPPA MoM联合HbA1c(0.721)、HbA1c联合FPG(0.717),均大于HbA1c(0.707)和FPG(0.647),而PAPP-A MoM的AUC为0.380,对GDM没有诊断意义。结论:具有高风险因素的孕妇,推荐在妊娠早期联合检测HbA1c与PAPPA MoM,以早期预测GDM。     

2014—2018年黄山市淋病疫情流行特征分析

目的分析2014-2018年黄山市淋病的流行特征,为全市的淋病防控工作提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集黄山市2014—2018年的淋病数据、人口数据,进行统计分析。结果2014—2018年黄山市累计报告淋病病例761例,年均发病率为11.09/10万,年均增长率为29.14%,发病率呈逐年上升趋势(χ^2趋势=112.29,P<0.05)。淋病的人群分布中,男女报告病例数之比为13.63:1,男女发病率有统计学差异(χ^2=113.18,P<0.05);15~49岁年龄组病例数最多,占85.94%,职业以农民最多,占44.81%;以屯溪区、歙县报告病例数较多,分别占37.45%、23.26%。结论2014—2018年黄山市淋病发病率呈上升趋势,淋病防控形势严峻,需进一步完善各项防控措施。     

基于机器学习的脑胶质瘤多模态影像分析

脑部胶质瘤是临床中常见的一种原发性脑肿瘤，具有复发率高、死亡率高以及治愈率低的特点。常规临床诊断主要依靠计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)检查技术进行鉴别。随着成像技术和机器学习方法的不断发展，多模态影像智能分析技术已经逐步成为研究热点，在脑胶质瘤的病灶分割测量、肿瘤分级、预后生存周期预测和基因型辨别等方面具有重要的应用前景。本文重点介绍基于机器学习和多模态影像在脑胶质瘤临床辅助诊断和预后评估中的应用进展。     

慢传输型便秘对结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的影响及原因探讨

目的:分析慢传输型便秘对结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的影响及原因。方法:回顾性分析我院普外科2010年10月1日—2017年10月1日收治的1307例行手术治疗的结直肠癌患者,其中无便秘组患者1128例,伴慢传输型便秘组179例;术后发生吻合口瘘患者109例,其中无便秘组92例,伴慢传输型便秘组17例。通过比较两组术后吻合口瘘的发生率、发生时间、发生瘘的级别等来分析慢传输型便秘对结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的影响;在伴慢传输便秘组中根据术后吻合口近和(或)远端肠壁是否存在神经节细胞减少(或缺失)分为两组,通过比较两组术后吻合口瘘的发生率、发生时间及瘘的级别等进一步从病理学方面研究慢传输型便秘对结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的影响。结果:伴慢传输型便秘组术后吻合口瘘的发生率为9.50%,高于无便秘组8.16%(P0.05);但术后吻合口瘘发生时间(7.34±3.17)天,晚于无便秘组(6.08±2.55)天(P0.05);在179例伴慢传输型便秘组中,神经节细胞正常组吻合口瘘的发生率7.89%,低于神经节细胞减少或缺失组12.31%(P0.05);且瘘的发生时间短于神经节细胞减少或缺失组[(6.12±3.29)天vs(8.71±4.36)]天(P0.05)。结论:慢传输型便秘增加结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的发生率,且延长术后吻合口瘘发生时间;慢传输型便秘增加术后吻合口瘘发生率可能与结直肠切除范围不够,导致吻合口近和(或)远端肠壁存在神经节细胞的减少或缺失有关。     

Genetic toxicity assessment using liver cell models: past,present, and future

ABSTRACT

Genotoxic compounds may be detoxified to non-genotoxic metabolites while many pro-carcinogens require metabolic activation to exert their genotoxicity in vivo. Standard genotoxicity assays were developed and utilized for risk assessment for over 40 years. Most of these assays are conducted in metabolically incompetent rodent or human cell lines. Deficient in normal metabolism and relying on exogenous metabolic activation systems, the current in vitro genotoxicity assays often have yielded high false positive rates, which trigger unnecessary and costly in vivo studies. Metabolically active cells such as hepatocytes have been recognized as a promising cell model in predicting genotoxicity of carcinogens in vivo. In recent years, significant advances in tissue culture and biological technologies provided new opportunities for using hepatocytes in genetic toxicology. This review encompasses published studies (both in vitro and in vivo) using hepatocytes for genotoxicity assessment. Findings from both standard and newly developed genotoxicity assays are summarized. Various liver cell models used for genotoxicity assessment are described, including the potential application of advanced liver cell models such as 3D spheroids, organoids, and engineered hepatocytes. An integrated strategy, that includes the use of human-based cells with enhanced biological relevance and throughput, and applying the quantitative analysis of data, may provide an approach for future genotoxicity risk assessment.     

地氯雷他定联合雷公藤多苷片对慢性特发性荨麻疹患者的临床疗效及情绪的影响

目的 探讨分析地氯雷他定联合雷公藤多苷片对慢性特发性荨麻疹(CIU)患者的临床疗效及负面情绪的影响.方法 选取本院2018年2月～2020年6月住院治疗的80例CIU患者作为主要研究对象,按随机数字表法将研究对象随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组40例患者予以地氯雷他定治疗,观察组40例患者予以地氯雷他定联合雷公藤多苷片治疗.观察比较两组的临床疗效、不良反应发生率、复发率,及治疗前后的风团数目、风团大小、瘙痒评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)评分和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD)评分.结果 (1)观察组患者临床总有效率(95.00％)高于对照组(72.50％)(P＜0.05).(2)观察组患者的风团数目减少、风团变小、瘙痒评分降低,改善优于对照组(P＜0.05).(3)观察组患者的不良反应发生率(5.00％)低于对照组(7.50％)(P＜0.05),观察组患者的复发率(2.50％)低于对照组(15.00％)(P＜0.05).(4)观察组患者的HAMA评分和HAMD评分低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 地氯雷他定联合雷公藤多苷片可有效缓解CIU患者的瘙痒症状,减少风团数目,缓解患者负面情绪,且不良反应较少,患者复发率较低,临床疗效确切,值得临床推广应用.     

The prognostic role of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A meta‐analysis

It has been suggested that tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the prognostic value of TILs is inconclusive due to the heterogeneity of immune cells within the tumour microenvironment. In this meta‐analysis, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of TILs in OSCC. The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched up to April 20, 2019, and 33 studies were ultimately included in this meta‐analysis. Our pooled meta‐analysis showed that high infiltration of CD8⁺ TILs, CD45RO⁺ TILs and CD57⁺ TILs favoured better overall survival (OS). However, high infiltration of CD68⁺ macrophages and CD163⁺ macrophages was associated with poor prognosis in OSCC. These findings suggest that CD8⁺ TILs, CD45RO⁺ TILs, CD57⁺ TILs, CD68⁺ macrophages and CD163⁺ macrophages might serve as novel prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in OSCC.     

A Stable Q Compensated Reverse Time Migration Method Based on Excitation Amplitude Imaging Condition

The stability and efficiency, especially the stability, are generally concerned issues in Q compensated reverse time migration (Q-RTM). The instability occurs because of the exponentially boosted high frequency ambient noise during the forward or backward seismic wavefield propagation. The regularization and low-pass filtering methods are two effective strategies to control the instability of the wave propagation in Q-RTM. However, the regularization parameters are determined experimentally, and the wavefield cannot be recovered accurately. The low-pass filtering method cannot balance the selection of cutoff frequency for varying Q values, and may damage the effective signals, especially when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the seismic data is low, the Q-RTM will be a highly unstable process. In order to achieve the purpose of stability, the selection of cutoff frequency will be small enough, which can cause great damage to the effective high frequency signals. In this paper, we present a stable Q-RTM algorithm based on the excitation amplitude imaging condition, which can compensate both the amplitude attenuation and phase dispersion. Unlike the existing Q-RTM algorithms enlarging the amplitude, the exponentially attenuated seismic wavefield will be used during both the forward and backward wavefield propagation of Q-RTM. Therefore, the new Q-RTM algorithm is relative stable, even for the low SNR seismic data. In order to show the accuracy and stability of our stable Q-RTM algorithm clearly, an example based on Graben model will be illustrated. Then, a realistic BP gas chimney model further demonstrates that the proposed method enjoys good stability and anti-noise performance compared with the traditional Q-RTM with amplitude amplification. Compare the Q-RTM images of these two models to the reference images obtained by the acoustic RTM with acoustic seismic data, the new Q-RTM results match the reference images quite well. The proposed method is also tested using a field seismic data, the result shows the effectiveness of our proposed method.     

以肺动脉高压为首发表现的先天性中枢性低通气综合征临床特征和基因分析

目的探讨先天性中枢性低通气综合征(CCHS)的临床和基因变异特征。方法分析1例首发表现为不明原因肺动脉高压的CCHS患儿的临床资料,并总结国内外文献中CCHS病例的临床特点、致病机制和基因变异情况。结果11月龄女婴,主要表现为浮肿、尿少、低血压、嗜睡、发绀、抽搐及颅内压增高。B型脑利钠肽、丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高,凝血酶原时间延长。颅脑磁共振示右侧额叶出血;超声心动图示中重度肺动脉高压。靶向捕获二代测序未发现可能的致病基因。采用Sanger法验证示患儿PHOX 2 B基因第3外显子存在多聚丙氨酸重复扩展变异,基因型为20/25。患儿入院后采用无创通气,睡眠时呼吸浅慢、微弱,伴血氧下降;血气分析提示二氧化碳潴留。随后改用夜间无创通气、降肺压药物治疗。复查肺动脉压力明显下降,生命体征稳定。随访至24月龄,夜间只需较低压力水平的无创通气,生长发育无异常。结论对于不明原因的肺动脉高压伴撤机困难患儿,需警惕CCHS。疑诊者应尽早针对CCHS相关基因进行靶向捕获二代测序及PHOX 2 B基因Sanger法验证。早期给予无创通气有望改善预后。