青山抗癌注射液抑制小鼠肿瘤生长的实验研究

目的：研究青山抗癌注射液对动物移植性肿瘤生长的影响．方法：以小鼠移植性肉瘤S180和肝癌H22为模型，以顺铂(DDP)为阳性对照，生理盐水(阳)为阴性对照，观察青山抗癌注射液对肿瘤生长的影响。结果：青山抗癌注射液不同剂量组对小鼠移植性肉瘤S180和肝癌H22的生长均显示了明显的抑制作用，与NS对照组相比，P＜0.01，且呈现出量效关系．结论：青山抗癌注射液具有抑制肿瘤生长的作用.     

诺氟沙星合成工艺概述

对诺氟沙星的生产工艺作了简要述评,着重对生产上存在的技术问题及可能解决的途径提出了看法。     

Distribution of spermatogenesis in the testicles of azoospermic men: the presence or absence of spermatids in the testes of men with germinal failure [published erratum appears in Hum Reprod 1998 Mar;13(3):780]

The aim of the study was to determine whether a prior diagnostic testicle biopsy can predict success or failure of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia caused by testicular failure, and what is the minimum threshold of sperm production in the testis which must be surpassed for spermatozoa to reach the ejaculate. Forty- five patients with non-obstructive azoospermia caused by testicular failure underwent diagnostic testicle biopsy prior to a planned future TESE-ICSI procedure. The diagnostic testicle biopsy was analysed quantitatively, and correlated with the quantitative findings of spermatogenesis in patients with normal spermatogenesis, as well as with the results of subsequent attempts at TESE-ICSI. Men with non- obstructive azoospermia caused by germinal failure had a mean of 0-6 mature spermatids/seminiferous tubule seen on a diagnostic testicle biopsy, compared to 17-35 mature spermatids/tubule in men with normal spermatogenesis and obstructive azoospermia. These findings were the same for all types of testicular failure whether Sertoli cell only, maturation arrest, cryptorchidism, or post-chemotherapy azoospermia. Twenty-two of 26 men with mature spermatids found in the prior testis biopsy had successful retrieval of spermatozoa for ICSI, 12 of their partners became pregnant, and are either ongoing or delivered. The study suggests that 4-6 mature spermatids/tubule must be present in the testis biopsy for any spermatozoa to reach the ejaculate. More than half of azoospermic patients with germinal failure have minute foci of spermatogenesis which are insufficient to produce spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Prior diagnostic testicle biopsy analysed quantitatively (for the presence of mature spermatids) can predict subsequent success or failure with TESE-ICSI. Incomplete testicular failure may involve a sparse multi-focal distribution of spermatogenesis throughout the entire testicle, rather than a regional distribution. Therefore, it is possible that massive testicular sampling from many different regions of the testes may not be necessary for successful TESE-ICSI.      

双音节普通话言语测听词表的等价性评估

目的：本项研究针对已编制完成的具有语音平衡特性的双音节普通话测听词汇表（MSTM）进行难度等价性分析，以期挑选出具有难度一致性的一组词表应用于临床。方法：对10张（每张50词）的双音节词表进行数字化录音。选取65名年龄18～25岁具有大专以上文化程度，日常生活中以普通话为交流方式的听力正常人作为受试者。对5名受试者进行预试验，获得正式测试时所需的给声强度。对60名受试者进行正式的言语识别测试，使用SPSS11．0软件对结果进行等价性分析。结果：10张双音节测试词表中，除测试表5外，其余各表间均具有难度等价性。结论：9张双音节普通话测听词汇表具有较好的难度等价性，可应用于临床测试和实验研究中。     

Biochemical, clinical and genetic analysis of various aminoacidopathies (non-ketotic hyperglycemia, maple syrup urine disease, histidinemia, tyrosinemia)]

The genetical types were classified according to the clinical findings and biochemical results in cases of 13 newborn/children suffering from various aminoacidopathies. The genetical types were: 3 neonatal and 4 infantile types were found out of 7 non-ketotic disease (MSUD) patient was infantile type with 9.1 per cent keto acid decarboxylase activity in leukocyte homogenate. Among the 3 histidinemic patients 1 was severe neonatal type and 2 cases were chronic types. The 2 treated tyrosinemic children proved to be type III. (chronic with rickets).     

Differential anatomical and cellular patterns of connexin43 expression during postnatal development of rat brain.

We have shown previously that connexin43 in the adult rat central nervous system (CNS) is predominantly localized at astrocytic gap junctions. Here we document immunohistochemically the emergence of connexin43-immunoreactive (connexin43-IR) structures and the regional patterns of connexin43 expression during postnatal maturation of the rat brain. On Western blots, connexin43 was detected in brain samples at postnatal day (P) 5, the earliest age studied. Immunohistochemically, most brain regions displayed a characteristic sequence of transient immunoreactive profiles that ultimately gave rise to the uneven distribution of the protein seen in adults. Generally, brains at P1-P5 exhibited long, fibrous connexin43-IR elements which were identified as radial glial cells. This fibrous immunostaining was considerably diminished at P5 and was replaced by short immunoreactive processes which predominated up to P10. These processes had a stellate appearance, emanated from partially stained astrocytic cell bodies and were heterogeneously distributed throughout the developing brain. By P15, there occurred only punctate immunolabelling similar to that seen in adult brain. Some brain regions including the amygdaloid complex, septohypothalamic nucleus, preoptic hypothalamus, zona incerta, ependyma and subfornical organ were exceptional in that they displayed adult immunostaining patterns at early postnatal ages suggesting a precocious maturation of gap junctions in these areas. We conclude that the highly heterogeneous distribution of connexin43-immunoreactivity among defined nuclear structures in adult brain does not reflect an antecedent requirement for connexin43 in early brain morphogenesis, but rather is related to the development of neuronal activity, the establishment of functional circuitry and the contribution of astrocytic gap junctions to glial metabolic coupling and potassium spatial buffering in the mature CNS.     

Immunohistochemical detection of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in fibrotic liver diseases.

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 was localized by means of immunohistochemical reaction in liver biopsy specimens taken from patients having different chronic liver diseases with extending fibrosis. Two polyclonal antibodies that were produced in rabbits were directed against the amino terminal of transforming growth factor-beta 1. Staining by anti-CC(1-30) was primarily extracellular and located in the portal and periportal fibrotic areas of all seven cases with chronic active hepatitis. No staining was noted in the four chronic persistent cases studied. A strong reaction was seen with the antibody in nine of the ten cirrhotic samples, whereas it was negative in one inactive cirrhosis case and in all five cases with normal liver histological findings. No positive staining could be detected by the anti-LC(1-30) in any of the liver tissues. Detection of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in active liver diseases at the site of fibrosis suggests that transforming growth factor-beta 1 might have a role in the process and progression of fibrosis during the development of the disease.     

An evaluation of the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid in the diet on macrophage PGE production and lymphocyte proliferation in a burned guinea pig model

This study was undertaken to determine if dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) could affect the production of PGE (PGE₂ and/or PGE₃) by splenic macrophages and the mitogen-induced proliferation of splenic lymphocytes.Guinea pigs received a 30% total body surface area burn following installation of gastrostomy feeding tubes. All animals received identical diets except for the lipid component which equalled 10% of total energy. The control diet contained only linoleic acid (LA) as the lipid component. The experimental diets contained increasing amounts of EPA. Fourteen days postburn, the animals were sacrificed and splenic lymphocytes and macrophages were obtained and cultured for lymphocyte proliferation with and without mitogen stimulation and for PGE₂ synthesis in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively.Increasing amounts of EPA in the diets had no statistically significant effect on the total production of PGE (PGE₂ and/or PGE₃) by macrophages stimulated with LPS, however, when 100% EPA was used as the lipid component, the production of PGE₂ was increased. Also, increasing amounts of EPA in the diet did not affect lymphocyte proliferation following stimulation of the cells with various mitogens, although at an EPA:LA ratio of 75:25%, a significant increase in proliferation of unstimulated but not stimulated lymphocytes was observed. However, at a 100:0 ratio of EPA:LA, lymphocyte proliferation was back down to the control level. This study shows that dietary EPA in high concentrations may have some complex interaction with the immune system at least in the animal under the stress of a burn.     

肾综合征出血热特异性抗体的检测与中西医结合治疗的研究

目的探索一种更为简便、快速、特异、灵敏的肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS)抗体的检测方法及更为有效的中西医结合治疗手段.方法559例HFRS患者血清同时采用免疫滴金法(colloidal gold immuno-dot assay,CGIDA)与酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)对比检测特异性免疫球蛋白M抗体(抗HFRS-IgM),间接免疫荧光法(indirect fluorescent antibody test,IFAT)对比检测特异性免疫球蛋白G抗体(抗HFRS-IgG).101例HFRS患者分组进行中西医结合治疗,治疗组50例用苦黄注射液、参麦注射液联合黄芪口服液,对照组51例用利巴韦林注射液联合甘利欣注射液,针对老年患者的临床特点,及早采用综合性防治措施.结果559例HFRS患者血清,以CGIDA法检测抗HFRS-IgM,阳性396例(70.8%);以CGIDA法检测抗HFRS-IgG,阳性489例(87.5%).治疗组与对照组用药后退热天数、主要症状和体征缓解天数相似(P＞0.05);肾功能恢复天数,对照组优于治疗组(P<0.01);在越期方面,治疗组越休克期数明显高于对照组(P<0.01). 结论CGIDA法检测HFRS特异性抗体分别与ELISA法及IFAT法对照,均有简便、快速、特异、灵敏之优点,检测抗HFRS-IgM,CGIDA法敏感性差于ELISA法,但是无假阳性;检测抗HFRS-IgG,CGIDA法的灵敏度高于IFAT法.苦黄注射液、参麦注射液联合黄芪口服液与利巴韦林注射液联合甘利欣注射液相比较,疗效无明显差别,但前者优于改善休克情况,后者强于改善肾功能.