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61.
62.
In situ assessment of the role of the beta 1-, beta 2- and beta 3-adrenoceptors in the control of lipolysis and nutritive blood flow in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
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P. Barbe L. Millet J. Galitzky M. Lafontan M. Berlan 《British journal of pharmacology》1996,117(5):907-913
1. The involvement of beta 1-, beta 2- and beta 3-adrenoceptors in the control of lipolysis and nutritive blood flow was investigated in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of healthy young adults by use of an in situ microdialysis technique. 2. Dialysis probes were infused either with isoprenaline (non-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist), CGP 12,177 (selective beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist having beta 1-/beta 2-antagonist properties), dobutamine (selective beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist) or terbutaline (selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist). The recovery of each probe used for perfusion was calculated by an in vivo calibration method. The local blood flow was estimated through the measurement of the escape of ethanol infused simultaneously with the drugs included in the probe. 3. Isoprenaline infusion at 0.01 microM had a weak effect while higher concentrations of isoprenaline (0.1 and 1 microM) caused a rapid, sustained and concentration-dependent increase of glycerol outflow; the maximum increase was 306 +/- 34% with 1 microM. Isoprenaline also increased the nutritive blood flow in adipose tissue; a significant effect appeared at 0.1 microM isoprenaline and was greater at 1 microM. 4. CGP 12,177 (10 and 100 microM) increased the glycerol concentration in the dialysate (128 +/- 8 and 149 +/- 12%, respectively) and nutritive blood flow. Terbutaline and dobutamine (100 microM) both provoked rapid and similar increases in glycerol outflow (252 +/- 18 and 249 +/- 18%, respectively). Both, terbutaline and dobutamine increased nutritive blood flow. 5. It is concluded that beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor subtypes are both mainly involved in the mobilization of lipids and in the control of nutritive blood flow. beta 3-Adrenoceptors play a weaker role in the control of lipolysis and nutritive blood flow in human subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. 相似文献
63.
Summary— The β-adrenergic effects of catecholamines are potentiated by thyroid hormones in adipose tissue. Amiodarone (AM) is structurally similar to thyroid hormones and was used to explore the mechanism of the triiodothyronine (T3) effect on β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) in adipose tissue. AM decreases the expression of some T3 sensitive genes in various tissues and antagonizes the effect of T3 on its nuclear receptors. In this study, the T3, AM and AM + T3 effects on the β1- and β3-AR density were assessed on rat white adipocytes by radioligand binding using [3H]CGP 12177 after characterization of these subtypes by displacement of [3H]CGP 12177 binding by isoproterenol, BRL 37344 and noradrenaline. BRL 37344 was used to study β3-AR lipolysis. White adipocytes from hyperthyroid rats had increased responsiveness (Emax × 2) and sensitivity (+ 38%) to BRL 37344, while those given AM alone had decreased values. Moreover, AM antagonized the T3 effect on lipolysis. The β1-binding characteristics (receptor density [Bmax]: 45 ± 4 fmol/mg of proteins; dissociation factor [Kd]: 0.96 ± 0.10 nM) were not modified by either compound. Finally, T3 significantly increased β3-AR density (587 ± 69 versus 363 ± 25 fmol/mg of proteins) and Kd (38 ± 2 versus 23 ± 3 nM), while AM alone had no effect and did not antagonize the T3 effect on β3-AR number. In conclusion, the hyperthyroid state in the rat potentiated the lipolytic response of white adipocytes to a specific β3-agonist and increased the β3-AR density without changing in β1-AR number and affinity. Furthermore, the lack of antagonism between AM and T3 on β3-AR expression suggests that T3 does not work directly on the β3-AR gene. Moreover, AM induced a functional tissular hypothyroid-like effect and its antilipolytic effect probably occurred at a postreceptor level. 相似文献
64.
B. Javelaud L. Vian R. Molle P. Allain B. Allemand B. André F. Barbier A. M. Churet J. Dupuis M. Galand F. Millet J. Talmon C. Touron M. Vaissière D. Vechambre M. Vieules D. Viver 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1998,71(4):277-283
The purpose of this study was to identify professional factors related to benzene exposure and to deduce suitable safety
measures. Atmospheric benzene, urinary muconic acid (tt-MA) and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity (LAPA) were evaluated among 66 car mechanics, 34 road tanker drivers, and
28 nonexposed workers. Professional and medical questionnaires were filled in at the same time. Atmospheric benzene was significantly
higher among road tanker drivers than among car mechanics. The arithmetic mean ± SD, median, and geometric mean values were,
respectively, 0.48 ± 1.49, 0.14, and 0.06 mg/m3 among car mechanics and 1.88 ± 4.18, 0.68, and 0.65 mg/m3 among road tanker drivers. In the latter case the increase was caused by transport of unleaded petrol and correlated with
the volume of the tank. Among car mechanics, tobacco smoking, windy conditions, dismantling of petrol filters, and handling
of petrol increased atmospheric benzene levels. Urinary muconic acid was increased significantly among car mechanics (148 ± 137,
127, and 111 μg/g) and among road tanker drivers (309 ± 420, 137, and 151 μg/g) as compared with the controls (49 ± 46, 33,
and 33 μg/g). Among road tanker drivers, alcohol intake and transportation of unleaded petrol increased the excretion of muconic
acid, which was also directly related to the volume of the tank. Among car mechanics, professional factors (dismantling of
petrol filters, handling of and washing of hands with petrol) and nonprofessional factors (tobacco smoking and damaged skin
on the hands and forearms) increased muconic acid excretion. In the control group, tobacco smoking increased its excretion.
LAPA was not significantly modified among exposed workers. There was a weak but significant linear correlation between LAPA
and muconic acid. These results suggest that to reduce exposure to benzene in unleaded petrol, individual and collective safety
measures should be imposed in both occupations.
Received: 25 November 1996 / Accepted: 25 September 1997 相似文献
65.
66.
67.
Cushing's syndrome is rare in pregnancy but can cause spontaneous abortion, stillbirth or premature birth. We report a case of transient hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in a newborn whose mother had hypercortisolism due to a primary adrenal lesion. There was no family history of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Follow-up revealed complete resolution of the cardiac abnormalities in the infant. Cushing's syndrome in the mother resolved after delivery. Although maternal hypercortisolism seldom results in symptomatic hypercortisolism in the newborn, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy can occur. 相似文献
68.
The contribution of central and peripheral factors to muscle fatigue were quantified following a high-intensity uphill running exercise. Eight male volunteers performed an intermittent exercise at 120 % of maximal aerobic speed on a treadmill with an 18 % grade. Electrically evoked and voluntary contractions of the knee extensors and EMG of the two vastii were analyzed before and immediately after the high-intensity exercise. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction decreased slightly (-7+/-8 %; p < 0.05) after exercise but no changes were found in the level of maximal activation or in the torque produced by a 80 Hz maximal stimulation applied to the femoral nerve. Following exercise, the single twitch was characterized by lower peak torque, maximal rate of force development, and relaxation (-28+/-11%, -25+/-12%, -31+/-15% respectively, p < 0.001), and higher surface of the M-wave for both vastii. The ratio between the torques evoked by 20 Hz and 80 Hz stimulation declined significantly (-22+/-10%, p < 0.01) after exercise. These findings indicate that muscle fatigue after high-intensity running exercise is due to significant alteration in excitation-contraction coupling and that this type of exercise does not induce significant central fatigue or changes at the crossbridge level. 相似文献
69.
Pettinelli F Pettinelli ME Eldin de Pécoulas P Millet J Michel D Brasseur P Druilhe P 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》2004,70(6):635-637
A drug-resistance survey was conducted in the French territory of Mayotte in the Comorian Islands in the Indian Ocean where malaria is endemic. A high prevalence of resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites was observed, not only to chloroquine (88%) and pyrimethamine (99%), but more surprisingly to quinine (17%), mefloquine (9%), and amodiaquine (24%). This leaves few treatment alternatives other than artemisine-mefloquine combinations. However, despite notification to French Health authorities three years ago, inadequate treatment (chloroquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) is still used in this locality. Thus, people still die of malaria in this remote territory of France. 相似文献
70.
Breast pain (mastalgia) is a common cause of anxiety among women and frequently leads to a primary care clinic for consultation. Fortunately, mild premenstrual breast discomfort lasting for 1 to 4 days can be considered "normal." However, moderate-to-severe breast pain lasting over 5 days can interfere with usual activities, lead to unnecessary medical tests, and potentially invite the use of ineffective, occasionally harmful medications. Despite the severity of some patients' symptoms, mastalgia is still considered a trivial complaint by many physicians; often it is felt to be psychological in nature. Careful evaluation to rule out breast cancer and reassure the patient is enough to make the pain resolve in most cases. In a few patients, however, mastalgia is severe enough to deserve further evaluation and treatment. Overall, 92% of patients with cyclical mastalgia (CM) and 64% with noncyclical mastalgia (NCM) can obtain relief of their pain with the judicious use of several available therapies. 相似文献