Cultured astrocytes prepared from newborn rat brain and 13-day-old chick embryonic brain were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for ganglioside content. All preparations contained approximately the same total level: 2.4-3.4 micrograms N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc)/mg protein. In contrast, the value for primary cultures of neurons from chick embryonic brain was 5.9. The non-hexosamine-containing species, GM3 and GD3, comprised 75-85% of the total in astroglial cultures, the remainder consisting mainly of structural types other than the gangliotetraose series; choleragenoid assay revealed the latter to be virtually absent or to comprise at most a few percent. Deficiency of gangliotetraose synthesizing ability was indicated by the very low level of UDP-GalNac:GM3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase detected in the cells. Treatment of cultured astrocytes with astroglial growth factor 2 or dibutyryl cyclic AMP caused little if any change in quantity or pattern of gangliosides. The large majority of cells stained in a manner characteristic of astrocytes: positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, negative for galactosyl ceramides. Staining with cholera toxin and anti-GM1 antibody was essentially negative, as was that with tetanus toxin, A2B5 monoclonal antibody, and antibody to GD3. All evidence thus points to cultured astrocytes of rat and chick brain containing appreciable gangliosides, most of which are GM3 and GD3 with the majority of the remainder comprising structures other than the gangliotetraose type. 相似文献
Summary
Aims This study investigated the early and mid–term results following valve replacement with the new Shelhigh? stentless bioprosthesis made entirely of biological material in patients with active infective endocarditis (AIE).
Material and methods Between 02/2000 and 12/2004, 164 patients (n = 122 men, mean age 59, 18–85 years) received implantation of an AIE Shelhigh? stentless bioprosthesis in the aortic, mitral, tricuspid or pulmonary position. A total of 119 patients (72.6%) had native
AIE and 45 (27.4%) prosthetic AIE. A large proportion of the patients reached the operating room in a condition of cardiac
decompensation: 37 (22.6%) patients were intubated, 40 (24.4%) had protracted septic shock and 41 (25.0%) required intensive
catecholamine treatment. Surgery was regarded as urgent in 94 patients (57.4%) and was performed as an emergency procedure
in 70 (42.6%). The mean follow–up time is 1.5 ± 0.11 years (range, 5 months to 5.2 years). Echocardiographic follow–up examinations
were performed early postoperatively and after 12 months.
Results In terms of the operative indication, we found a highly significant difference in the survival rate between patients who were
operated on urgently vs in an emergency. In patients who died within 30 days, the main cause of death was septic multiorgan
failure (67.6%). Only three patients required reoperation due to reinfection of the Shelhigh? bioprostheses; this represents a reinfection rate of 1.8% in relation to the whole cohort. The postoperative echocardiographic
examinations showed the Shelhigh? valves to have very good hemodynamics without relevant pressure gradients.
Conclusion Our experience in the use of Shelhigh? bioprostheses in patients with native and prosthetic endocarditis show the early and mid–term results, in particular the
low reinfection rate and the good hemodynamics, to be comparable with the results achieved using homografts. Since these prostheses
are readily available and their implantation straightforward, they are increasingly being used in patients with endocarditis.
These promising results need to verified in the long term.
This paper was presented at a lecture held at the 71st annual meeting of the German Society for Cardiology, Mannheim, 31. March—2. April 2005.
Disclosure Form: The following study discloses my relationship with any corporate sponsor that might relate in some way to
the subject presented. 相似文献
Reported are two cases of video-PSG captured head-rolling occurring, in the context of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) episodes, in two patients affected with idiopathic RBD and without past personal or familiar history of Rhythmic Movement Disorder during sleep. It has been speculated that the activation of neuronal pathways which underlie REM-related loss of motor control in RBD, may involve the Central Pattern Generator neuronal networks leading to the induction of Rhythmic Movements during RBD episodes, thereby allowing the re-emergence, in pathological conditions in later life, of a motor behavior typically seen in the early stage of life. 相似文献
BACKGROUND: The impact of short-term preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise capacity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer is evaluated. METHODS: A prospective observational study was designed. Inclusion criteria consisted of an indication to lung resection because of a clinical stage I or II non-small cell lung cancer and a chronic obstructive disease on preoperative pulmonary function test. In such conditions, maximal oxygen consumption by a cardio-pulmonary exercise test was evaluated; when this resulted as being < or =15 ml/kg/min a pulmonary rehabilitation programme lasting 4 weeks was considered. Twelve patients fulfilled inclusion criteria, completed the preoperative rehabilitation programme and underwent a new functional evaluation prior to surgery. The postoperative record of these patients was collected. RESULTS: On completion of pulmonary rehabilitation, the resting pulmonary function test and diffuse lung capacity of patients was unchanged, whereas the exercise performance was found to have significantly improved; the mean increase in maximal oxygen consumption proved to be at 2.8 ml/kg/min (p<0.01). Eleven patients underwent lobectomy; no postoperative mortality was noted and mean hospital stay was 17 days. Postoperative pulmonary complication was recorded in 8 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation could improve the exercise capacity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are candidates for lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer. 相似文献
Background: It is not known whether epidural epinephrine has an analgesic effect per se. The segmental distribution of clonidine epidural analgesia and its effects on temporal summation and different types of noxious stimuli are unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify these issues.
Methods: Fifteen healthy volunteers received epidurally (L2-L3 or L3-L4) 20 ml of either epinephrine, 100 micro gram, in saline; clonidine, 8 micro gram/kg, in saline; or saline, 0.9%, alone, on three different days in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over fashion. Pain rating after electrical stimulation, pinprick, and cold perception were recorded on the dermatomes S1, L4, L1, T9, T6, T1, and forehead. Pressure pain tolerance threshold was recorded at S1, T6, and ear. Pain thresholds to single and repeated (temporal summation) electrical stimulation of the sural nerve were determined.
Results: Epinephrine significantly reduced sensitivity to pinprick at L1-L4-S1. Clonidine significantly decreased pain rating after electrical stimulation at L1-L4 and sensitivity to pinprick and cold at L1-L4-S1, increased pressure pain tolerance threshold at S1, and increased thresholds after single and repeated stimulation of the sural nerve. 相似文献