Transitional cell carcinoma of ileal loop following cystectomy

This is the second case reported in the literature involving transitional cell carcinoma in an ileal loop. The case is described and the literature reviewed.     

Nonseminomatous testicular tumor Comparison of treatment

The survival rate of patients with nonseminomatous germinal testicular tumor, havingnegative or positive retroperitoneal nodes at the time of primary diagnosis and treatment (Stages A and B), depends more on the surgical procedure used than the histologic type of tumor or number of positive nodes. Bilateral lymphadenectomy alone appeared to affect the survival rate more favorably, without the addition of radiotherapy (especially in tumors with primary Stage A) as shown by the comparison of survival rate and recurrence of tumor. However, recurrence did appear following node dissection in a significant number of patients with positive or negative nodes on dissection and affected the survival rates. Dissemination of testicular tumors is chiefly via the lymph nodes and lungs, Since this series was nonrandomized, a final conclusion on the role and type of radiotherapy and other adjuvant measures in the management of nonseminomatous testicular tumor cannot be presently concluded. Our results suggest surgical treatment alone may prove more favorable.     

Treatment of previously untreated (by hormonal manipulation) stage D adenocarcinoma of prostate with combined orchiectomy,estrogen, and cis diamminedichloroplatinum

Thirty-four patients with Stage D adenocarcinoma of the prostate previously untreated by hormonal manipulation were treated with the combination of orchiectomy, estrogen therapy, and infusion of cis diamminedichloroplatinum (1 mg./Kg./week) for six weeks initially and every three weeks thereafter. A partial objective response was observed in 22 of 34 patients (64.7 per cent). This response lasted three to twenty-nine months, with an average of 9.3 months. Five patients (14.7 per cent) had a significant decrease or disappearance of bone pain and became ambulatory. Six patients (17.6 per cent) remained stable. One patient (2.9 per cent) did not respond to treatment and showed progression of his disease. The toxicity of the treatment was mild to moderate. Most of the patients were treated in the outpatient department. The combination of cis platinum, orchiectomy, and estrogen therapy appears to be the most effective method of treatment for previously untreated (by hormonal manipulation) Stage D adenocarcinoma of the prostate.     

Urinary gonadotropins in management and prognosis of testicular tumor.

Ninety-three cases of germinal testicular tumors with urinary gonadotropin (HCG) values, estimated by biologic or radioimmunoassay techniques, were reviewed. Preoperative values of HCG and subsequent postoperative values were related to response to treatment and prognosis. Twenty-five patients (26.9 per cent) comprised the seminoma group, and 68 patients (73.1 per cent) the nonseminomatous groups of germinal neoplasms. High HCG values were observed in the nonseminomatous group pre- and postoperatively by both assay procedures. Most significant was the high HCG values postoperatively (p smaller than 0.05, x2 equals 5.21 and p smaller than 0.05, x2 equals 5.23) for the biologic assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively, with high HCG values being associated with a poor cumulative 24 per cent two-year survival rate. Urinary HCG assay is of prognostic value in the ongoing management of testicular neoplasms. In the future, serum HCG assays may be of additional benefit.     

Treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate (stage D) with infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II NSC 119875): a pilot study

A study was done on 21 patients who had advanced carcinoma of the prostate (stage D) treated with 1 mg./kg. cis-diamminedichloroplatinum per week for 6 weeks. The infusions were then spaced every 3 weeks thereafter. One patient had never been treated previously and 20 patients were failures of previous therapy with estrogens and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. A partial objective clinical remission was seen in 9 of the 21 patients (43 per cent). This response lasted from 3 to 14 months, with an average of 5.8 months. The responses were evidenced by a 50 per cent or more decrease of lesions in the liver (2 patients), recalcification of a bone lytic lesion (1 patient), disappearance of positive lymph nodes in the neck (2 patients), disappearance of pleural effusion (1 patient), disappearance of lymphatic block of lower extremities (2 patients) and disappearance of lung metastases and ureteral obstruction (1 patient). Six patients (28.5 per cent) had a complete disappearance of the bone pain and became ambulatory and asymptomatic, 2 patients (9.5 per cent) with bony metastases remained asymptomatic and apparently stable and 4 patients did not respond to treatment and showed progression. Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum seems to be the most effective drug available to date for the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate.     

Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Immigrant Youth Feeling Unsafe in School: A Social-Ecological Analysis

Despite the increasing proportion of immigrant youth in U.S. school districts, no studies have investigated their perceptions of their school. This study examines factors associated with perceptions of school safety among immigrant youth within individual, family, peer, and school contexts. Data were drawn from Wave II of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (n = 4288) and hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted. African–Americans, females, and youth with limited English proficiency were more likely to perceive their school as unsafe. Youth who reported that family cohesion was important and those who had close friends perceived their school as safe. Also, those who experienced illegal activities in school reported feeling unsafe. Assessment and intervention in schools needs to consider individual and contextual factors associated with perceptions of school safety. Additional research is needed to examine individual and contextual factors related to immigrant youths’ perceptions of school.