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41.
42.
Peter S. Lee Richard M. Schreck Bradley A. Hare James J. McGrath 《Annals of biomedical engineering》1994,22(1):120-125
Tunable diode laser spectrometry was used to measure breath carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in nonsmoking subjects. Corresponding
blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) saturations between physiological levels and levels after 1 and 8 hours exposure to 9 ppm CO,
the maximum permissible concentration in the air under federal regulations, were also determined. A good linear correlation
between breath CO and blood COHb saturation for low levels representing ambient conditions was established, with a correlation
coefficient better than 0.999 for the means and 0.945 for the individual data points. Similar studies on the other compounds
of concern are also possible using tunable diode laser spectrometry, requiring only a breath sample and with no sample preparation.
This technique will facilitate fast, noninvasive environmental health effect and biomedical studies. 相似文献
43.
Pollard PJ Brière JJ Alam NA Barwell J Barclay E Wortham NC Hunt T Mitchell M Olpin S Moat SJ Hargreaves IP Heales SJ Chung YL Griffiths JR Dalgleish A McGrath JA Gleeson MJ Hodgson SV Poulsom R Rustin P Tomlinson IP 《Human molecular genetics》2005,14(15):2231-2239
The nuclear-encoded Krebs cycle enzymes, fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDHB, -C and -D), act as tumour suppressors. Germline mutations in FH predispose individuals to leiomyomas and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), whereas mutations in SDH cause paragangliomas and phaeochromocytomas (HPGL). In this study, we have shown that FH-deficient cells and tumours accumulate fumarate and, to a lesser extent, succinate. SDH-deficient tumours principally accumulate succinate. In situ analyses showed that these tumours also have over-expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha), activation of HIF1alphatargets (such as vascular endothelial growth factor) and high microvessel density. We found no evidence of increased reactive oxygen species in our cells. Our data provide in vivo evidence to support the hypothesis that increased succinate and/or fumarate causes stabilization of HIF1alpha a plausible mechanism, inhibition of HIF prolyl hydroxylases, has previously been suggested by in vitro studies. The basic mechanism of tumorigenesis in HPGL and HLRCC is likely to be pseudo-hypoxic drive, just as it is in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. 相似文献
44.
Evolutionary silencing of the human elastase I gene (ELA1) 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
45.
Huisman JA; Paulussen RJ; Geurts TB; Odink J; Rekers H 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(1):34-38
The objective was to demonstrate bioequivalence between s.c. and i.m.
administration of Humegon (FSH/LH ratio 1:1) and Normegon (FSH/LH ratio
3:1). In two randomized, single-centre, cross-over studies, 18 healthy
volunteers on each formulation were assigned to one of the two
administration sequences. Subjects were given single doses of one of the
above gonadotrophins after endogenous gonadotrophin production had first
been suppressed using high-dose oral contraceptive. Subsequently, rate
(Cmax, tmax) and extent (AUC) of absorption of follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined for 14 days. For Cmax
and AUC, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on log-transformed data
and for tmax ANOVA was performed on ranks. Intramuscular and s.c.
injections of Humegon were bioequivalent with respect to the main
pharmacokinetic parameters, being AUC and Cmax of FSH absorption.
Intramuscular and s.c. injections of Normegon were bioequivalent with
respect to the AUC of FSH and not bioequivalent with respect to the Cmax of
FSH. For tmax of FSH as well as for most LH variables of both preparations,
bioequivalence could not be proven due to the high intra- and
interindividual variability and/or concentrations being close to the
detection limit. Thus, the main pharmacokinetic FSH variables after i.m.
and s.c. administration of Humegon and Normegon were bioequivalent.
相似文献
46.
Lesions of the articular surfaces of the knee have been managed by various techniques over the last 50 years. Surgical management has involved: excising the damaged area, refashioning the underlying bone to produce a fibrous response, and introducing allograft, autograft and synthetic materials to encourage a repair matrix. The techniques and their pitfalls are reviewed and discussed, and suggestions made as to the direction of future studies for the repair of osteochondral lesions in the painful knee. 相似文献
47.
48.
Calcification of the human thoracic aorta during aging 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The rate of calcification within the human thoracic aorta from completion of body growth to advanced old age was examined. Fifty-eight aortae, obtained at necropsy, were dissected into four layers: the complete intima and the separated media, which was subdivided into three tissue samples of equal thickness, defined as the media-inner,-middle, and-outer layers. The sampling sites selected for analysis were from regions of the aortic surface that were free of atherosclerotic plaques. The calcium content within each tissue layer of the aorta was determined. Arterial wall thickness and the cholesterol content of the four layers were also measured. Intimal calcification increased progressively during aging: from 1.6 g Ca/mg tissue at 20 years of age to 5.2 g Ca/mg tissue by 90 years of age. When intima calcium concentration was expressed by tissue volume (w/v), no significant change during aging was found. Medical calcification, as w/v and by w/w, increased throughout aging. Calcium accumulation was most marked in the middle, elastin-rich layer of the media, increasing from 1.4 g Ca/mg tissue at 20 years of age to 49.50 g Ca/mg tissue by 90 years of age. Calcium levels also increased in the other media layers, but at a slower rate then that found within the middle media. 相似文献
49.
Pam McGrath Carla Patterson Patsy Yates Sue Treloar Brian Oldenburg Colleen Loos 《The Australian journal of rural health》1999,7(1):34-42
The findings presented in this paper are part of a research project designed to provide a preliminary indication of the support needs of postdiagnosis women with breast cancer in remote and isolated areas in Queensland. This discussion will present data that focuses on the women's expressed personal concerns. For participants in this research a diagnosis of breast cancer involves a confrontation with their own mortality and the possibility of a reduced life span. This is a definite life crisis, creating shock and needing considerable adjustment. Along with these generic issues the participants also articulated significant issues in relation to their experience as women in a rural setting. These concerns centred around worries about how their partner and families cope during their absences for treatment, the additional burden on the family of having to cope with running the property or farm during the participant's absence or illness, added financial strain brought about by the cost of travel for treatment, maintenance of properties during absences, and problems created by time off from properties or self-employment. These findings accord with other reports of health and welfare services for rural Australian and the generic literature on psycho-oncology studies of breast cancer. 相似文献
50.