全文获取类型
收费全文 | 520篇 |
免费 | 18篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 26篇 |
妇产科学 | 5篇 |
基础医学 | 61篇 |
口腔科学 | 16篇 |
临床医学 | 37篇 |
内科学 | 72篇 |
皮肤病学 | 17篇 |
神经病学 | 7篇 |
特种医学 | 175篇 |
外科学 | 35篇 |
综合类 | 37篇 |
预防医学 | 22篇 |
眼科学 | 6篇 |
药学 | 13篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 12篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 15篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 10篇 |
2010年 | 13篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 14篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 39篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1924年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有542条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
101.
J Mulligan LD Voss ES McCaughey BJ Bailey PR Betts 《Archives of disease in childhood》1998,79(4):318-322
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of recent guidelines from the UK joint working party of child health surveillance recommending that all children be measured at age 5 and again between 7 and 9 years of age to determine how many normal school age children are likely to be referred for specialist assessment. METHODS: The longitudinal data of 486 children measured by school nurses in a community setting were examined and compared with measurements made in a research setting by a single, skilled observer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of children identified as having abnormal stature (< 0.4th or > 99.6th centile) and abnormal growth rate height standard deviation score (HSDS) change > 0.67). RESULTS: The community survey identified seven (1.4%) children as having abnormal stature (four short, three tall), 11 (2.3%) were identified as "slow growing", and nine (1.9%) increased their HSDS by more than 0.67. These results were comparable to data collected in ideal research conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Following the recommendations would not result in an excess number of inappropriate referrals. However, this study highlights several unresolved issues such as interobserver variability and time interval between measurements. A large scale prospective study should be considered to establish realistic and cost-effective criteria before implementation of a national screening programme. 相似文献
102.
F. -R. Matuschka 《Parasitology research》1983,69(3):299-304
The dog is the final host for sarcosporidia cysts from the oesophagus and diaphragm of donkeys from Sardinia. The prepatent period lasted 9 to 10 days. Sporocysts measured 12.2–13.8×9.2–9.9 m. Infection of a horse with 105 donkey/dog sporocysts increased the rectal temperature to more than 40°C on days 10 and 20 after infection. On day 138 p.i. predominantly immature cysts containing metrocytes were found, especially in the oesophagus. Infection on day 117 p.i. with 2×105 horse/dog sporocysts did not give rise to a temperature increase during the following 21 days.The final host of sarcosporidia cysts from the oesophagus and diaphragm of horses from Sardinia is the dog. The prepatent period lasted 9–10 days. Sporocysts measured 12.2–13.8×9.2–9.9 m. The rise in the rectal temperature of three foals infected with horse/dog sporocysts did not differ from that of the foal infected with donkey/dog sporocysts. In both cases rectal temperature increased to more than 40°C on days 10 and 20 following infection with 105 sporocysts. Because of the occurrence of two temperature peaks following infection, two generations of schizogony are postulated. The presence of a sarcosporidia species occurring in the donkey only is doubtful.This report was supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 相似文献
103.
OBJECTIVES: The cells of the junctional epithelium (JE) provide and maintain the epithelial attachment, and remain morphologically and phenotypically distinct from oral sulcular (OSE) and external oral epithelia (EOE), from which they may be regenerated de novo. Expression of cytokeratins (CK) in human epithelia has been shown to be highly site-specific, implying a functional role. The aims of this study were to differentiate between the cyto-keratin profiles of JE, OSE, EOE and pocket epithelia (PE) in health and disease, in smokers and non-smokers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cytokeratin profiles of 40 samples of healthy and clinically inflamed human gingival tissue taken from 15 smokers and 25 non-smokers were studied by immunocytochemistry. Cryostat sections of fresh frozen gingival tissues were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and visualised by a biotin-Streptavidin-peroxidase complex technique.
RESULTS: JE and PE expressed an identical range of cytokeratins irrespective of the inflammatory or smoking status, with the exception of CK4 expression, which tended to be increased in smokers. The OSE and EOE expressed non-cornifying and cornifying differentiation cytokeratins respectively, but in the presence of inflammation, both these epithelia showed increased expression of CK19 at a basal level in association with expression of one or more of the simple cytokeratins. JE/PE expressed CK17 in external layers only, approximating the tooth surface. All epithelia expressed CK6,16 the markers of high cell turnover.
CONCLUSIONS: CK19 was a consistent differentiation marker for JE and PE.Expression of CK8,18 was enhanced by inflammation. CK4 expression increased in association with smoking. Markers of differentiation were not always co-expressed equally within a pair. Pairs were not always completely mutually exclusive with frequent co-localisation. 相似文献
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cytokeratin profiles of 40 samples of healthy and clinically inflamed human gingival tissue taken from 15 smokers and 25 non-smokers were studied by immunocytochemistry. Cryostat sections of fresh frozen gingival tissues were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and visualised by a biotin-Streptavidin-peroxidase complex technique.
RESULTS: JE and PE expressed an identical range of cytokeratins irrespective of the inflammatory or smoking status, with the exception of CK4 expression, which tended to be increased in smokers. The OSE and EOE expressed non-cornifying and cornifying differentiation cytokeratins respectively, but in the presence of inflammation, both these epithelia showed increased expression of CK19 at a basal level in association with expression of one or more of the simple cytokeratins. JE/PE expressed CK17 in external layers only, approximating the tooth surface. All epithelia expressed CK6,16 the markers of high cell turnover.
CONCLUSIONS: CK19 was a consistent differentiation marker for JE and PE.Expression of CK8,18 was enhanced by inflammation. CK4 expression increased in association with smoking. Markers of differentiation were not always co-expressed equally within a pair. Pairs were not always completely mutually exclusive with frequent co-localisation. 相似文献
104.
105.
Ojbective To find the independent predictors for restenosis after coronary stenting. Methods Quantitative angiography was performed on 60 cases (67 successfully dilated lesions) after angio-plasty over 6-months follow-up, and both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were done to i-dentify the correlations of restenosis with clinical factors. Results The total restenosis rate was 31. 3% (21 of 67 lesions), and according to univariate analysis the patients who underwent coronary stenting≥ 3. 5mm had a lower rate of restenosis ( P < 0. 01). Collateral circulation to the obstruction site, high maximal inflation pressure, smoking and the less minimal lumen diameter after PTCA made the rate of restenosis higherower ( P < 0. 05) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that coronary stenting ≥3. 5mm had a low rate of restenosis, but high maximal inflation pressure and smoking made the restenosis rate higher. Conclusion Coronary stent size, maximal inflation pressure and. smokin 相似文献
106.
S Patel PR Turner C Stubberfield E Barry CR Rohlff A Stamps E McKenzie K Young K Tyson J Terrett G Box S Eccles MJ Page 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2002,98(6):957-957
The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in International Journal of Cancer; 2002; 97(4) 416–422. 相似文献
107.
PR Wade JM Palmer S McKenney V Kenigs K Chevalier BA Moore JR Mabus PR Saunders NH Wallace CR Schneider ES Kimball HJ Breslin W He PJ Hornby 《British journal of pharmacology》2012,167(5):1111-1125
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE
Loperamide is a selective µ opioid receptor agonist acting locally in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as an effective anti-diarrhoeal but can cause constipation. We tested whether modulating µ opioid receptor agonism with δ opioid receptor antagonism, by combining reference compounds or using a novel compound (‘MuDelta’), could normalize GI motility without constipation.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
MuDelta was characterized in vitro as a potent µ opioid receptor agonist and high-affinity δ opioid receptor antagonist. Reference compounds, MuDelta and loperamide were assessed in the following ex vivo and in vivo experiments: guinea pig intestinal smooth muscle contractility, mouse intestinal epithelial ion transport and upper GI tract transit, entire GI transit or faecal output in novel environment stressed mice, or four weeks after intracolonic mustard oil (post-inflammatory). Colonic δ opioid receptor immunoreactivity was quantified.KEY RESULTS
δ Opioid receptor antagonism opposed µ opioid receptor agonist inhibition of intestinal contractility and motility. MuDelta reduced intestinal contractility and inhibited neurogenically-mediated secretion. Very low plasma levels of MuDelta were detected after oral administration. Stress up-regulated δ opioid receptor expression in colonic epithelial cells. In stressed mice, MuDelta normalized GI transit and faecal output to control levels over a wide dose range, whereas loperamide had a narrow dose range. MuDelta and loperamide reduced upper GI transit in the post-inflammatory model.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
MuDelta normalizes, but does not prevent, perturbed GI transit over a wide dose-range in mice. These data support the subsequent assessment of MuDelta in a clinical phase II trial in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. 相似文献108.
109.
M Zazzi R Kaiser A Sönnerborg D Struck A Altmann M Prosperi M Rosen‐Zvi A Petroczi Y Peres E Schülter CA Boucher F Brun‐Vezinet PR Harrigan L Morris M Obermeier C‐F Perno P Phanuphak D Pillay RW Shafer A‐M Vandamme K van Laethem AMJ Wensing T Lengauer F Incardona 《HIV medicine》2011,12(4):211-218
Objectives
The EuResist expert system is a novel data‐driven online system for computing the probability of 8‐week success for any given pair of HIV‐1 genotype and combination antiretroviral therapy regimen plus optional patient information. The objective of this study was to compare the EuResist system vs. human experts (EVE) for the ability to predict response to treatment.Methods
The EuResist system was compared with 10 HIV‐1 drug resistance experts for the ability to predict 8‐week response to 25 treatment cases derived from the EuResist database validation data set. All current and past patient data were made available to simulate clinical practice. The experts were asked to provide a qualitative and quantitative estimate of the probability of treatment success.Results
There were 15 treatment successes and 10 treatment failures. In the classification task, the number of mislabelled cases was six for EuResist and 6–13 for the human experts [mean±standard deviation (SD) 9.1±1.9]. The accuracy of EuResist was higher than the average for the experts (0.76 vs. 0.64, respectively). The quantitative estimates computed by EuResist were significantly correlated (Pearson r=0.695, P<0.0001) with the mean quantitative estimates provided by the experts. However, the agreement among experts was only moderate (for the classification task, inter‐rater κ=0.355; for the quantitative estimation, mean±SD coefficient of variation=55.9±22.4%).Conclusions
With this limited data set, the EuResist engine performed comparably to or better than human experts. The system warrants further investigation as a treatment‐decision support tool in clinical practice. 相似文献110.
Extensive nodular cutaneous amyloidosis: an unusual presentation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
PR Criado†‡ CS Silva† C Vasconcellos†‡ NYS Valente† JB Maito† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2005,19(4):481-483
Amyloidosis is characterized by the deposition of a group of unrelated proteins leading to changes in tissue architecture and function. The nodular variant is the rarest form of the cutaneous amyloidoses. We report a patient with localized nodular amyloidosis without systemic amyloid involvement or paraproteinaemia after 6 years of follow-up. The unusual aspects of our case were a plaque presentation rather than nodular, and the disseminated pattern observed. 相似文献