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排序方式: 共有1142条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
Regulation of glucose transport and insulin signaling by troglitazone or metformin in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic subjects. 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Theodore P Ciaraldi Alice P S Kong Neelima V Chu Dennis D Kim Sunita Baxi Mattias Loviscach Ray Plodkowski Richard Reitz Michael Caulfield Sunder Mudaliar Robert R Henry 《Diabetes》2002,51(1):30-36
Type 2 diabetic subjects failing glyburide therapy were randomized to receive additional therapy with either metformin (2,550 mg/day) or troglitazone (600 mg/day) for 3-4 months. Biopsies of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were obtained before and after therapy. Glycemic control was similar with both treatments. Metformin treatment increased insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose disposal rates by 20% (P < 0.05); the response to troglitazone was greater (44% increase, P < 0.01 vs. baseline, P < 0.05 vs. metformin). Troglitazone-treated subjects displayed a tendency toward weight gain (5 +/- 2 kg, P < 0.05), increased adipocyte size, and increased serum leptin levels. Metformin-treated subjects were weight-stable, with unchanged leptin levels and reduced adipocyte size (to 84 +/- 4% of control, P < 0.005). Glucose transport in isolated adipocytes from metformin-treated subjects was unaltered from pretreatment. Glucose transport in both the absence (321 +/- 134% of pre-Rx, P < 0.05) and presence of insulin (418 +/- 161%, P < 0.05) was elevated after troglitazone treatment. Metformin treatment had no effect on adipocyte content of GLUT1 or GLUT4 proteins. After troglitazone treatment, GLUT4 protein expression was increased twofold (202 +/- 42%, P < 0.05). Insulin-stimulated serine phosphorylation of Akt was augmented after troglitazone (170 +/- 34% of pre-Rx response, P < 0.05) treatment and unchanged by metformin. We conclude that the ability of troglitazone to upregulate adipocyte glucose transport, GLUT4 expression, and insulin signaling can contribute to its greater effect on whole-body glucose disposal. 相似文献
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74.
Jonas Lundkvist Mattias Ekman Suzanne Rehn Ericsson Ulf Isacsson Bengt J?nsson Bengt Glimelius 《Radiotherapy and oncology》2005,75(2):179-185
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Proton beam therapy offers potential clinical advantages compared with conventional radiation therapy for many cancer patients. The benefits are mainly a result of a more favourable dose distribution. The treatment cost with proton radiation is higher than for conventional radiation, mainly due to the large investment cost of building a proton therapy facility. It is therefore important to evaluate whether the medical benefits of proton therapy are large enough to justify the higher treatment costs, compared with conventional radiation therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The cost-effectiveness of proton therapy in the treatment of 55-year old women with left-sided breast cancer was assessed. A Markov cohort simulation model was used to simulate the life of patients diagnosed with breast cancers and treated with radiation. Cost and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) were the primary outcome measures. RESULTS: The study found a cost per QALY gained of 67,000 Euro for the base case analysis of an average breast cancer patient. The cost per QALY gained would, however, be considerably lower if a population with high-risk of developing cardiac disease was treated. Sensitivity analyses showed that the results were stable and that the risk of cardiac disease was the most important parameter. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that proton therapy for breast cancer can be cost-effective if appropriate risk groups are chosen as targets for the therapy. 相似文献
75.
Eliminating Blood Transfusions: New Aspects and Perspectives 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
76.
Nguyen Quynh Hoa Nguyen V Trung Mattias Larsson Bo Eriksson Ho D Phuc Nguyen TK Chuc Cecilia Stalsby Lundborg 《BMC infectious diseases》2010,10(1):85
Background
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most significant bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia among children under five years worldwide. Updated resistance information of S. pneumoniae among children is essential to adjust the recommendations for empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, which will have immense implications for local and global health. This study investigated the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in isolated strains of S. pneumoniae and relationship with antibiotic use and demographic factors of children under five in rural Vietnam in 2007. 相似文献77.
Hauer K Pfisterer M Schuler M Bärtsch P Oster P 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2003,84(10):1426-1432
OBJECTIVE: To study the long-term outcome of a physical training regimen of ambulant postward rehabilitation in community-dwelling geriatric patients with a history of injurious falls. DESIGN: Prospective 2-year follow-up of a randomized placebo-controlled intervention trial. SETTING: Postward rehabilitation in a geriatric hospital in Germany. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-seven geriatric patients (mean age, 84.3+/-4.4 y) with a history of severe falls. INTERVENTION: Ambulatory training of strength, functional performance, and balance 3 times a week for 3 months for 31 patients versus placebo activities for 26 patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Strength, functional performance, fall-related psychologic parameters, and physical activity assessed by standardized protocols 2 years after the training intervention, compared with baseline results. RESULTS: Motor performance decreased substantially in both groups. As patients in the intervention group declined from significantly improved motor performance levels achieved in the initial training intervention, differences between the groups were still significant in most functional performances 2 years later. Functional decline was greater in persons who were institutionalized or being cared for by family members. Physical activity, which increased during the exercise intervention, returned to low baseline levels. CONCLUSIONS: Improved functional performance in the training group did not lead to an increased level of physical activity after training, which might have preserved the functional improvements. In mobility-restricted, frail, geriatric patients such as our study population, training programs should continue to keep patients active and to prevent the decline in strength and functional performance that precedes loss of autonomy. 相似文献
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79.
Aleksander Giwercman Lars Lindstedt Mattias Larsson Mona Bungum Marcello Spano† Richard J. Levine‡ Lars Rylander§ 《International journal of andrology》2010,33(1):e221-e227
Standard sperm parameters have a limited power for prediction of the chance of natural conception. Recent studies have indicated that the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) DNA fragmentation index (DFI), a measure for the fraction of sperms with DNA damage, is associated with fertility in vivo . The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of this parameter for prediction of infertility. One hundred and twenty-seven men from infertile couples with no known female factor and 137 men with proven fertility were included. Semen analysis was performed as recommended by the WHO. DFI was assessed using SCSA. Logistic binary regression was used to compute the odds ratios (OR) for infertility. As compared with men with a DFI <10%, men with a DFI between 10% and 20% had an increased risk for infertility (OR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.0–6.1). This was also true for men with a DFI >20% (OR 8.4; 95% CI: 3.0–23). In men with normal standard semen parameters (sperm concentration, motility and morphology) the OR for infertility was increased with DFI >20% (OR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.2–23), whereas if one of the standard semen parameters was abnormal, the OR for infertility was increased already at DFI above 10% (OR 16, 95% CI: 4.2–60). We conclude that SCSA DFI adds to the value of semen analysis in prediction of the chance of natural conception. 相似文献
80.
Gustavsson A Svensson M Jacobi F Allgulander C Alonso J Beghi E Dodel R Ekman M Faravelli C Fratiglioni L Gannon B Jones DH Jennum P Jordanova A J?nsson L Karampampa K Knapp M Kobelt G Kurth T Lieb R Linde M Ljungcrantz C Maercker A Melin B Moscarelli M Musayev A Norwood F Preisig M Pugliatti M Rehm J Salvador-Carulla L Schlehofer B Simon R Steinhausen HC Stovner LJ Vallat JM Van den Bergh P den Bergh PV van Os J Vos P Xu W Wittchen HU J?nsson B Olesen J;CDBEStudy Group 《European neuropsychopharmacology》2011,21(10):718-779