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61.
Beaumont M Batéjat D Piérard C Van Beers P Philippe M Léger D Savourey G Jouanin JC 《Sleep》2007,30(11):1527-1533
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of zolpidem and zaleplon on nocturnal sleep and breathing patterns at altitude, as well as on daytime attention, fatigue, and sleepiness. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. SETTING: 3 day and night alpine expedition at 3,613 m altitude. PARTICIPANTS: 12 healthy male trekkers. PROCEDURE: One week spent at 1,000 m altitude (baseline control), followed by 3 periods of 3 consecutive treatment nights (N1-3) at altitude, to test 10 mg zolpidem, 10 mg zaleplon, and placebo given at 21:45. MEASURES: Sleep from EEG, actigraphy and sleep logs; overnight arterial saturation in oxygen (SpO2) from infrared oximetry; daytime attention, fatigue and sleepiness from a Digit Symbol Substitution Test, questionnaires, and sleep logs; acute mountain sickness (AMS) from the Lake Louise questionnaire. RESULTS: Compared to baseline control, sleep at altitude was significantly impaired in placebo subjects as shown by an increase in the amount of Wakefulness After Sleep Onset (WASO) from 17 +/- 8 to 36 +/- 13 min (P<0.05) and in arousals from 5 +/- 3 to 20 +/- 8 (P<0.01). Slow wave sleep (SWS) and stage 4 respectively decreased from 26.7% +/- 5.8% to 20.6% +/- 5.8% of total sleep time (TST) and from 18.2% +/- 5.2% to 12.4% +/- 3.1% TST (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). Subjects also complained from a feeling of poor sleep quality combined with numerous 02 desaturation episodes. Subjective fatigue and AMS score were increased. Compared to placebo control, WASO decreased by approximately 6 min (P<0.05) and the sleep efficiency index increased by 2% (P<0.01) under zaleplon and zolpidem, while SWS and stage 4 respectively increased to 22.5% +/- 5.4% TST (P<0.05) and to 15.0% +/- 3.4% TST (P<0.0001) with zolpidem only; both drugs further improved sleep quality. No adverse effect on nighttime SpO2, daytime attention level, alertness, or mood was observed under either hypnotic. AMS was also found to be reduced under both medications. CONCLUSIONS: Both zolpidem and zaleplon have positive effects on sleep at altitude without adversely affecting respiration, attention, alertness, or mood. Hence, they may be safely used by climbers. 相似文献
62.
Stereo vision enhances the learning of a catching skill 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mazyn LI Lenoir M Montagne G Delaey C Savelsbergh GJ 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2007,179(4):723-726
The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of stereo vision to the acquisition of a natural interception task. Poor catchers with good (N = 8; Stereo+) and weak (N = 6; Stereo-) stereo vision participated in an intensive training program spread over 2 weeks, during which they caught over 1,400 tennis balls in a pre-post-retention design. While the Stereo+ group improved from a catching percentage of 18% to 59%, catchers in the Stereo- group did not significantly improve (from 10 to 31%), this progress being indifferent from a control group (N = 9) that did not practice at all. These results indicate that the development and use of of compensatory cues for depth perception in people with weak stereopsis is insufficient to successfully deal with interceptions under high temporal constraints, and that this disadvantage cannot be fully attenuated by specific and intensive training. 相似文献
63.
How a plantar pressure-based,tongue-placed tactile biofeedback modifies postural control mechanisms during quiet standing 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Vuillerme N Pinsault N Chenu O Boisgontier M Demongeot J Payan Y 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2007,181(4):547-554
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of a plantar pressure-based, tongue-placed tactile biofeedback
on postural control mechanisms during quiet standing. To this aim, 16 young healthy adults were asked to stand as immobile
as possible with their eyes closed in two conditions of No-biofeedback and Biofeedback. Centre of foot pressure (CoP) displacements,
recorded using a force platform, were used to compute the horizontal displacements of the vertical projection of the centre
of gravity (CoG
v
) and those of the difference between the CoP and the vertical projection of the CoG (CoP-CoG
v
). Analysis of the CoP-CoG
v
displacements showed larger root mean square (RMS) and mean power frequencies (MPF) in the Biofeedback than in the No-biofeedback
condition. Stabilogram-diffusion analysis further showed a concomitant increased spatial and reduced temporal transition point
co-ordinates at which the corrective processes were initiated and an increased persistent behaviour of the CoP-CoG
v
displacements over the short-term region. Analysis of the CoG
v
displacements showed decreased RMS and increased MPF in the Biofeedback relative to the No-biofeedback condition. Stabilogram-diffusion
analysis further indicated that these effects mainly stem from reduced spatio-temporal transition point co-ordinates at which
the corrective process involving CoG
v
displacements is initiated and an increased anti-persistent behaviour of the CoG
v
displacements over the long-term region. Altogether, the present findings suggest that the main way the plantar pressure-based,
tongue-placed tactile biofeedback improves postural control during quiet standing is via both a reduction of the correction
thresholds and an increased efficiency of the corrective mechanism involving the CoG
v
displacements. 相似文献
64.
Marie Barais Catherine Laporte Matthieu Schuers Olivier Saint-Lary Paul Frappé Clarisse Dibao-Dina 《The European journal of general practice》2018,24(1):99-105
Background: General practice became an academic discipline quite recently in many western countries. In France, junior lecturer work is specified in a three-part mandate: medical work in general practice, teaching in the university, and research. Since 2007, 130 junior lecturers have been appointed in general practice. The aim of the creation of junior lecturer status was to align general practice with other specialties and to develop research and education in primary care.Objectives: To describe the healthcare, teaching and research undertaken by junior lecturers in general practice, practising in October 2014.Methods: A cross-sectional multicentre study using an online self-administered questionnaire on the cohort composed of all the junior lecturers in general practice with open questions and the qualitative analysis of written verbatim accounts.Results: Of the 95 junior lecturers practising at the date of the study, 75 (79%) responded; average age 32 years; gender ratio (F/M) 2.4:1. They spent five, two and three half-days per week respectively in healthcare, teaching and research. The healthcare activity was predominantly carried out in the community (73%). Thirty-nine per cent worked as part of a multi-professional team taking on 50 consultations per week. Most of the educational work involved lecturing and mentoring students specializing in general practice (median 86?hours per year). Research output increased during the fellowship. Research topics were varied and relevant to the disciplinary field.Conclusion: During the fellowship, the balancing, and even the reinforcement, of healthcare and research contributions were accompanied by a significant investment in educational provision. 相似文献
65.
Lateral unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA): Contemporary indications,surgical technique,and results
Matthieu Ollivier Matthew P. Abdel Sébastien Parratte Jean-Noël Argenson 《International orthopaedics》2014,38(2):449-455
Unicompartmental femoro-tibial osteoarthritis usually affects the medial compartment of the knee, but in 10 %, the lateral compartment is primarily involved. Femoral osteotomy is attractive to avoid TKA in younger patients with low-grade unicompartmental osteoarthritis and a valgus deformity. However, only limited functional results can be expected for patients with Ahlback grade 2 or greater osteoarthritis. Moreover, because of previous skin incisions and hardware removal, TKA after femoral osteotomy remains a complex procedure with poor functional results. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for both the medial and the lateral compartments has been performed since the 1970s. In a patient with involvement of only one compartment, a medial or a lateral UKA can provide a quicker recovery and enhanced function when compared to TKA. In addition, it preserves bone stock and can be “easily” revised by a TKA. Technical improvements, combined with strict patient selection, have resulted in ten year survivorships greater than 90 %. However, lateral UKA is technically more challenging than medial UKA due to the lower number of indications, as well as the functional anatomy of the lateral compartment. The goals of this article are to present up-to-date information concerning indications, patients’ selection, surgical technique and results of lateral compartment UKA. 相似文献
66.
67.
Gabriele M. Cimmarusti Abhishek Shastry Matthieu N. Boone Veerle Cnudde Karl Braeckman Anju D. M. Brooker Eric S. J. Robles Melanie M. Britton 《Materials》2021,14(9)
The applications of polymeric sponges are varied, ranging from cleaning and filtration to medical applications. The specific properties of polymeric foams, such as pore size and connectivity, are dependent on their constituent materials and production methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) offer complementary information about the structure and properties of porous media. In this study, we employed MRI, in combination with µCT, to characterize the structure of polymeric open-cell foam, and to determine how it changes upon compression, µCT was used to identify the morphology of the pores within sponge plugs, extracted from polyurethane open-cell sponges. MRI T2 relaxation maps and bulk T2 relaxation times measurements were performed for 7° dH water contained within the same polyurethane foams used for µCT. Magnetic resonance and µCT measurements were conducted on both uncompressed and 60% compressed sponge plugs. Compression was achieved using a graduated sample holder with plunger. A relationship between the average T2 relaxation time and maximum opening was observed, where smaller maximum openings were found to have a shorter T2 relaxation times. It was also found that upon compression, the average maximum opening of pores decreased. Average pore size ranges of 375–632 ± 1 µm, for uncompressed plugs, and 301–473 ± 1 µm, for compressed plugs, were observed. By determining maximum opening values and T2 relaxation times, it was observed that the pore structure varies between sponges within the same production batch, as well as even with a single sponge. 相似文献
68.
Michel Drancourt Sbastien Cortaredona Cla Melenotte Sophie Amrane Carole Eldin Bernard La Scola Philippe Parola Matthieu Million Jean-Christophe Lagier Didier Raoult Philippe Colson 《Viruses》2021,13(5)
SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal shedding contributes to the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. Among 3271 COVID-19 patients treated at the Hospital University Institute Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France from 3 March to 27 April 2020, tested at least twice by qRT-PCR, the median SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal shedding duration was 6 days (range 2–54 days). Compared with short shedders (qRT-PCR positivity < 10 days), 34 (1.04%) persistent shedders (qRT-PCR positivity ≥ 17 days; mean ± SD: 23.3 ± 3.8 days) were significantly older, with associated comorbidities, exhibiting lymphopenia, eosinopenia, increased D-dimer and increased troponin (p < 0.05), and were hospitalized in intensive care unit in 17.7% vs. 1.1% of cases (p < 0.0001). Viral culture was positive in six persistent shedders after day 10, including in one patient after day 17, and no viral co-pathogen was detected in 33 tested patients. Persistent shedders received azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine ≥ 3 days in 26/34 (76.5%) patients, a figure significantly lower than in short shedders (86.6%) (p = 0.042). Accordingly, mortality was 14.7% vs. 0.5% (p < 0.0001). Persistent shedding was significantly associated with persistent dyspnea and anosmia/ageusia (p < 0.05). In the context of COVID-19 treatment, including treatment with azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine, the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal shedding was a rare event, most frequently encountered in elderly patients with comorbidities and lacking azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine treatment. 相似文献
69.
Sarra Smati MD Blandine Tramunt MD Matthieu Wargny MD Cyrielle Caussy MD Bénédicte Gaborit MD Camille Vatier MD Bruno Vergès MD Deborah Ancelle MD Coralie Amadou MD Leila A. Bachir MD Olivier Bourron MD Christine Coffin-Boutreux MD Sara Barraud MD Anne Dorange MD Bénédicte Fremy MD Jean-François Gautier MD Natacha Germain MD Etienne Larger MD Stéphanie Laugier-Robiolle MD Laurent Meyer MD Arnaud Monier MD Isabelle Moura MD Louis Potier MD Nadia Sabbah MD Dominique Seret-Bégué MD Patrice Winiszewski MD Matthieu Pichelin PharmD Pierre-Jean Saulnier MD Samy Hadjadj MD Bertrand Cariou MD Pierre Gourdy MD for the CORONADO investigators 《Diabetes, obesity & metabolism》2021,23(2):391-403