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排序方式: 共有861条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Danielle Remmerswaal Jorg Huijding Samantha Bouwmeester Marlies Brouwer Peter Muris 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2014
Background and objectives
Some cognitive models propose that information processing biases and fear are reciprocally related. This idea has never been formally tested. Therefore, this study investigated the existence of a vicious circle by which confirmation bias and fear exacerbate each other.Methods
One-hundred-and-seventy-one school children (8–13 years) were first provided with threatening, ambiguous, or positive information about an unknown animal. Then they completed a computerized information search task during which they could collect additional (negative, positive, or neutral) information about the novel animal. Because fear levels were repeatedly assessed during the task, it was possible to examine the reciprocal relationship between confirmation bias and fear.Results
A reciprocal relation of mutual reinforcement was found between confirmation bias and fear over the course of the experiment: increases in fear predicted subsequent increases in the search for negative information, and increases in the search for negative information further enhanced fear on a later point-in-time. In addition, the initial information given about the animals successfully induced diverging fear levels in the children, and determined their first inclination to search for additional information.Limitations
As this study employed a community sample of primary school children, future research should test whether these results can be generalized to clinically anxious youth.Conclusions
These findings provide first support for the notion that fearful individuals may become trapped in a vicious circle in which fear and a fear-related confirmation bias mutually strengthen each other, thereby maintaining the anxiety pathology. 相似文献22.
Krone N Reisch N Idkowiak J Dhir V Ivison HE Hughes BA Rose IT O'Neil DM Vijzelaar R Smith MJ MacDonald F Cole TR Adolphs N Barton JS Blair EM Braddock SR Collins F Cragun DL Dattani MT Day R Dougan S Feist M Gottschalk ME Gregory JW Haim M Harrison R Olney AH Hauffa BP Hindmarsh PC Hopkin RJ Jira PE Kempers M Kerstens MN Khalifa MM Köhler B Maiter D Nielsen S O'Riordan SM Roth CL Shane KP Silink M Stikkelbroeck NM Sweeney E Szarras-Czapnik M Waterson JR Williamson L Hartmann MF Taylor NF 《The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism》2012,97(2):E257-E267
23.
Greiner J Ono Y Hofmann S Schmitt A Mehring E Götz M Guillaume P Döhner K Mytilineos J Döhner H Schmitt M 《Blood》2012,120(6):1282-1289
Mutations in the nucleophosmin gene (NPM1(mut)) are one of the most frequent molecular alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and immune responses may contribute to the favorable prognosis of AML patients with NPM1(mut). In the present study, we were able to demonstrate both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses against NPM1(mut). Ten peptides derived from wild-type NPM1 and NPM1(mut) were subjected to ELISPOT analysis in 33 healthy volunteers and 27 AML patients. Tetramer assays against the most interesting epitopes were performed and Cr(51)-release assays were used to show the cytotoxicity of peptide-specific T cells. Moreover, HLA-DR-binding epitopes were used to test the role of CD4(+) T cells in NPM1 immunogenicity. Two epitopes (epitopes #1 and #3) derived from NPM1(mut) induced CD8(+) T-cell responses. A total of 33% of the NPM1(mut) AML patients showed immune responses against epitope #1 and 44% against epitope #3. Specific lysis of leukemic blasts was detected. To obtain robust immune responses against tumor cells, the activation of CD4(+) T cells is crucial. Therefore, overlapping (OL) peptides were analyzed in ELISPOT assays and OL8 was able to activate both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. The results of the present study show that NPM1(mut) induces specific T-cell responses of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and therefore is a promising target for specific immunotherapies in AML. 相似文献
24.
Katrijn Smulders Marlies van Nimwegen Marten Munneke Bastiaan R. Bloem Roy P.C. Kessels Rianne A.J. Esselink 《Parkinsonism & related disorders》2013,19(1):126-128
Postural instability and gait disorders (PIGD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) seem to be associated with executive dysfunction. We investigated which specific executive functions are associated with functional mobility in mildly affected PD patients. Functional mobility (Timed Up&Go Test, TUG), PIGD score, (spatial) working memory, set shifting, response inhibition and response generation were assessed in a large cohort of 232 non-demented PD patients. Both performance on the TUG and PIGD score were weakly associated with working memory and response generation (semantic and phonemic fluency). TUG also correlated with semantic fluency when corrected for disease severity and age. These results indicate that response generation and working memory are associated with (and possibly also causally related to) gait and balance deficits. In order to fully interpret gait and postural stability of PD patients in everyday situations, the role of impairments in working memory and response generation should be taken into account. 相似文献
25.
Claudia M. G. Keyzer-Dekker Jolanda de Vries Marlies C. Mertens Jan A. Roukema Alida F. W. van der Steeg 《World journal of surgery》2013,37(9):2140-2147
Background
High trait anxiety (HTA) causes an impaired quality of life (QOL) and fatigue in women with breast cancer (BC) and benign breast disease (BBD). We examined whether the lowered QOL was determined solely by the personality characteristic HTA or by the combination of personality and diagnosis.Methods
In a prospective longitudinal study, women with BC (n = 152), BBD (n = 205), or gallstone disease (GD) before laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 128) were included. Questionnaires concerning trait anxiety (baseline), fatigue, and QOL were completed at baseline and at 6 months. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the predictors for QOL at 6 months.Results
At 6 months QOL scores were increased in the GD group, especially in women without HTA. For women without HTA, in the BBD group the scores for fatigue and physical QOL had improved at 6 months, whereas in the BC group physical QOL and fatigue was impaired. Women with HTA scored unfavorably on fatigue and QOL. HTA was the most important factor influencing QOL.Conclusions
The course of QOL and fatigue during follow-up were significantly different for each diagnosis. Particularly HTA had a negative impact on QOL and fatigue. Especially the combination HTA and BC caused impaired QOL and fatigue. We recommend identifying women with BC and HTA and offer them a tailor-made follow-up protocol. 相似文献26.
Catharina M. L. Zegers Frank J. P. Hoebers Wouter van Elmpt Judith A. Bons Michel C. Öllers Esther G. C. Troost Daniëlle Eekers Leo Balmaekers Marlies Arts-Pechtold Felix M. Mottaghy Philippe Lambin 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》2016,43(12):2139-2146
Background and purpose
Increased tumour hypoxia is associated with a worse overall survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The aims of this study were to evaluate treatment-associated changes in [18F]HX4-PET, hypoxia-related blood biomarkers, and their interdependence.Material and methods
[18F]HX4-PET/CT scans of 20 patients with HNSCC were acquired at baseline and after ±20Gy of radiotherapy. Within the gross-tumour-volumes (GTV; primary and lymph nodes), mean and maximum standardized uptake values, the hypoxic fraction (HF) and volume (HV) were calculated. Also, the changes in spatial uptake pattern were evaluated using [18F]HX4-PET/CT imaging. For all patients, the plasma concentration of CAIX, osteopontin and VEGF was assessed.Results
At baseline, tumour hypoxia was detected in 69 % (22/32) of the GTVs. During therapy, we observed a significant decrease in all image parameters. The HF decreased from 21.7?±?19.8 % (baseline) to 3.6?±?10.0 % (during treatment; P?<?0.001). Only two patients had a HV?>?1 cm3 during treatment, which was located for >98 % within the baseline HV. During treatment, no significant changes in plasma CAIX or VEGF were observed, while osteopontin was increased.Conclusions
[18F]HX4-PET/CT imaging allows monitoring changes in hypoxia during (chemo)radiotherapy whereas the blood biomarkers were not able to detect a treatment-associated decrease in hypoxia.27.
A polymorphism in the AMH type II receptor gene is associated with age at menopause in interaction with parity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kevenaar ME Themmen AP Rivadeneira F Uitterlinden AG Laven JS van Schoor NM Lips P Pols HA Visser JA 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》2007,22(9):2382-2388
BACKGROUND: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) inhibits primordial follicle recruitment in the mouse ovary. We hypothesize that in women AMH signaling also regulates the usage of the primordial follicle pool and hence influences the onset of menopause. Since age at menopause has a strong genetic component, we investigated the role of AMH signaling using a candidate gene approach. METHODS: In two large population-based cohorts of Dutch post-menopausal women (n = 2381 and n = 248), we examined the association between two polymorphisms, one in the AMH gene and one in the AMH type II receptor (AMHR2) gene, and natural age at menopause. RESULTS: The AMH Ile(49)Ser polymorphism (rs10407022) was not associated with age at menopause in either cohort. In the Rotterdam cohort, the AMHR2 -482 A > G polymorphism (rs2002555) was associated with age at menopause in interaction with the number of offspring (P = 0.001). Nulliparous women homozygous for the G-allele entered menopause 2.6 years earlier compared with nulliparous women homozygous for the A-allele (P = 0.005). In the LASA cohort, women with the G/G genotype tended to enter menopause 2.8 years earlier compared with the A/A genotype (P = 0.063). CONCLUSIONS: The observed association of the AMHR2 -482 A > G polymorphism with natural age at menopause suggests a role for AMH signaling in the usage of the primordial follicle pool in women. 相似文献
28.
Wentzell Nadine Haug Ulrike Schink Tania Engel Susanne Liebentraut Judith Linder Roland Onken Marlies Schaefer Christof Dathe Katarina 《Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz》2018,61(8):1022-1029
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Aufgrund des teratogenen Potenzials von Valproat wurden die Empfehlungen zur Risikoaufklärung und Verordnung bei... 相似文献
29.
Ostermann M Chang R 《Critical care medicine》2007,35(11):2669; author reply 2669-2669; author reply 2670
30.
Leen De Taeye Kristl Vonck Marlies van Bochove Paul Boon Dirk Van Roost Lies Mollet Alfred Meurs Veerle De Herdt Evelien Carrette Ine Dauwe Stefanie Gadeyne Pieter van Mierlo Tom Verguts Robrecht Raedt 《Neurotherapeutics》2014,11(3):612-622
Currently, the mechanism of action of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is not fully understood, and it is unclear which factors determine a patient’s response to treatment. Recent preclinical experiments indicate that activation of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system is critical for the antiepileptic effect of VNS. This study aims to evaluate the effect of VNS on noradrenergic signaling in the human brain through a noninvasive marker of locus coeruleus noradrenergic activity: the P3 component of the event-related potential. We investigated whether VNS differentially modulates the P3 component in VNS responders versus VNS nonresponders. For this purpose, we recruited 20 patients with refractory epilepsy who had been treated with VNS for at least 18 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups with regard to their reduction in mean monthly seizure frequency: 10 responders (>50 %) and 10 nonresponders (≤50 %). Two stimulation conditions were compared: VNS OFF and VNS ON. In each condition, the P3 component was measured during an auditory oddball paradigm. VNS induced a significant increase of the P3 amplitude at the parietal midline electrode, in VNS responders only. In addition, logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of P3 amplitude can be used as a noninvasive indicator for VNS responders. These results support the hypothesis that activation of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system is associated with the antiepileptic effect of VNS. Modulation of the P3 amplitude should be further investigated as a noninvasive biomarker for the therapeutic efficacy of VNS in patients with refractory epilepsy. 相似文献