IMPACT Trial: angiographic and intravascular ultrasound observations of the first human experience with mycophenolic acid-eluting polymer stent system.

The purpose of the study was to examine the safety and efficacy of two different formulations of mycophenolic acid (MPA)-eluting Duraflex stents on coronary de novo lesions. Recent data indicate that local delivery of MPA in the porcine overstretch coronary model significantly reduces neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). Patients were divided into three consecutive groups. The first (n=50) and second (n=55) groups received moderate- and slow-release MPA-eluting Duraflex stent, respectively. The last group (n=50) received the bare metal Duraflex stent. Clinical, angiographic, and intravascular ultrasound analysis were performed at 6-month follow-up. All stents were successfully deployed and patients were discharged home without clinical events. Compared to controls, 6-month in-lesion and in-stent minimum luminal diameter as well as late lumen loss were not significantly different in the moderate- and slow-release treatment groups. At follow-up, percentage obstruction and NIH volume were also similar between the three groups. At 30 days and 6 and 12 months, there were no differences noted between the three groups with respect to major adverse cardiac events as well as the individual rates of mortality, myocardial infarction, or repeat revascularization. There were no cases of subacute or late thrombosis. In this feasibility trial, the MPA-eluting Duraflex stents in either slow- or moderate-release formulations were well tolerated, but showed no benefit for treatment of coronary lesions when compared to controls. Further testing with different drug dosing or delivery rate might improve these results.     

Humoral immune response to measles and varicella vaccination in former very low birth weight preterm infants

Introduction

Immune response to vaccination in infants born prematurely may be lower than in infants born at full-term. Some clinical factors might be associated with humoral immune response.

Epidermal growth factor receptor in human brain tumors.

The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was examined in 27 primary human brain tumors (7 glioblastomas, 10 astrocytomas, 5 oligodendrogliomas, 1 schwannoma, 1 ganglioneuroma, 1 medulloblastoma, 1 ependymoma, 1 histiocytic lymphoma), in 6 brain metastases from lung carcinomas and in 20 meningiomas. Peritumoral tissues histologically normal excised surgically along with a large tumor were used as control. All plasma membranes from brain tissues tested showed specific EGF binding. The EGF receptor is expressed at low levels in the control human brain and at very high levels in 60% of the total intracranial tumors studied. When the various histological types of tumors were analyzed, the higher percentage of positive tumors was found with the meningiomas (85%) and the glioblastomas (71%), while the lower percentage of positivity was found with the oligodendrogliomas (40%) and the astrocytomas (30%). A good correlation between binding and total amount of EGF-R protein detected by Western Blot was also observed.     

Ultrasound evaluation of centenarians' gallbladder

Background: Ultrasound (US) examination of gallbladder is considered to be reliable, both in morphological and functional evaluation. We used US to study the gallbladder of a series of centenarians in order to show the characteristics of this organ in these subjects. We then compared the data obtained with two control populations omposed of elderly and adult subjects, respectively. Methods: US examination was done after an overnight fast and after emptying the gallbladder at 15-min intervals for a period of 90 min. To induce emptying of the gallbladder, we chose a semisolid meal with a small caloric value (370 kcal). The following parameters were evaluated: fasting gallbladder volume (in milliliters) before administration of the meal (considered to be 100%); gallbladder emptying (according to the formula: fasting gallbladder volume minus post-meal gallbladder volume at 10-min intervals divided by fasting gallbladder volume: the result of this operation was multiplied by 100); gallbladder motor functions, such as ejection volume (ml), is considered as the difference between fasting gallbladder volume and residual volume; ejection fraction (%), considered as the difference between fasting gallbladder volume and residual volume, is expressed as percentage fasting volume; and ejection rate (%/min) is calculated by dividing ejection fraction by time requested to reach the residual volume. Results: We found a common bile duct diameter that was significantly higher in centenarians than in the elderly and adults. Gallbladder wall thickness was significantly higher in centenarians than in adults. We also found substantially significant differences between centenarians with and without gallstones and elderly and adult subjects in the following parameters: mean gallbladder volume (reduced), residual volume (reduced), ejection volume (reduced) and ejection rate (reduced). The differences were not significant for the ejection fraction, and they were slightly reduced in centenarians compared to the other groups. There was a negative correlation between age and axial length (transverse diameter), age and width and age and common bile duct (CBD) diameter in the elderly group only. Conclusions: The study of gallbladder function in elderly people and centenarians is important because this parameter is related to the quality of digestion and absorption of many alimentary substances as well as to the formation of cholesterol gallstones. We found that gallbladder functions in centenarians are almost normal with respect to the elderly and adults. Contractility was higher than in our elderly sample. This fact ensures a correct concentration of bile salts and a good intestinal transit rate. It may represent one of the factors allowing for good digestive function in these subjects, which contributes to their health status.     

Advances in neuroimaging for HIV-1 associated neurological dysfunction: clues to the diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapeutic monitoring

Persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection seek medical advice for a wide range of neurological disorders including, but not limited to, peripheral neuropathy, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, cytomegalovirus retinitis progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, lymphoma and dementia. The diagnosis of HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD) induced as a direct consequence of HIV infection of the brain comes commonly by exclusion. Diagnostic decisions can often be clouded by concomitant depression, motor impairments, and lethargy that follow debilitating immune suppression and weight loss. Indeed, cognitive, motor and behavior abnormalities underlie a variety of neurological dysfunctions associated with advanced HIV-1 infection. Thus, even combinations of clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging tests [for example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET)] often fail to provide conclusive diagnostic information. Nonetheless, the recent development of quantitative MR spectroscopic imaging has improved diagnostic possibilities for HAD. We are pleased to discuss these developments as well as taking a forward look into what will soon be made available to improve neuroimaging diagnostic precision. New MR and SPECT testing are being developed in our laboratories and elsewhere both for animal model systems and in humans with HIV-1 disease. Such tests can facilitate dynamic measures of HIV-1 neuropathogenesis providing information for disease events that even 2 years ago were unattainable.     

Significance of implant design on the efficacy of different peri-implantitis decontamination protocols

Clinical Oral Investigations - To assess the efficacy of three mechanical decontamination methods in four types of commercially available implants. Ninety-six implants of four commercial brands...     

Improvement of bone repair with l-PRF and bovine bone in calvaria of rats. histometric and immunohistochemical study

Clinical Oral Investigations - The effect of leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), associated with DBBM (deproteinized bovine bone mineral; Bio-Oss®) was investigated and compared with...