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51.
Szamatowicz Marian Grochowski Dariusz 《Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics》1994,11(4):182-184
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics - 相似文献
52.
53.
Marian Annett Diana Kilshaw 《Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior》1982,18(4):547-568
The hypothesis that special ability in mathematics is associated with a reduction in bias to dextral preference and skill was examined in several samples of students and in 97 male and 27 female teachers of mathematics, mainly in Universities and Polytechnics. The maths students and maths teachers differed from controls, both general and academic, in the direction predicted and several comparisons were statistically significant. Differences were in most cases clearer for males than females.An analysis of the findings in relation to the right shift (RS) theory of handedness (Annett, 1972, Annett, 1978) suggests that the incidence of left preference and skill is slightly raised in mathematicians not because of any intrinsic advantage of left preference but rather because extreme bias to the right, as expected in those carrying a hypothesised rs++ genotype, is disadvantageous for mathematical thinking. If the role of mathematics can be regarded as one of developing languages to describe those aspects of human experience which otherwise could be understood only in visuo-spatial images, it can be seen to require a coordination of those aspects of human intelligence which have been distinguished as depending differentially on the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The present findings suggest that this process might be impeded by a double dose of a gene which promotes left hemisphere language specialisation. 相似文献
54.
D. Naber Anna Wirz-Justice Marian S. Kafka 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》1982,55(4):277-288
Summary Binding to rat brain- and-adrenergic, muscarinic cholinergic, dopamine and opiate receptors was measured at 4-hour intervals throughout a 24-hour period in animals, chronically treated with fluphenazine, and in controls. Drug treatment significantly changed characteristics of the circadian rhythms in all 5 receptors. In the presence of the drug the 24-hour mean binding to the dopamine receptor was decreased; to the other 4 receptors it was increased. Moreover, there were changes in the timing of the maximal receptor binding (phase-position) and in the amplitude of the rhythms. These results extend previous studies, showing that chronic neuroleptic treatment not only affects the dopamine receptors, but also other neurotransmitter receptors, profoundly modifying their temporal organisation. 相似文献
55.
Head. Ass. Prof. Marian Dróżdż M.D. Eugeniusz Kucharz M.D. 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1977,38(4):259-262
Summary The influence of nitrogen dioxide on glycoprotein level in lung tissue of guinea pigs was studied after 180 days (8 h per day) of exposure at a concentration of 2 mg/m3.A long-term exposure induced a decrease of protein-hound hexosamines and an increase of sialic acid level in lungs. 相似文献
56.
Allen L Seligson Brian K Campion Jason W Brown Ron C Terry Renata Kucerova Martina Bienova Marian Hajduch Milos Sovak 《Drug development research》2003,59(3):292-306
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens (AA) cannot be topically used for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) because of systemic resorption. A new class of androgen receptor (AR) suppressors designed for safe topical treatment of AGA was synthesized from (3‐amino‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐N‐(4‐nitro‐3‐trifluoromethyl)phenyl) propanamide (BP‐34), to contain perfluoroalkyl moieties. The trifluoromethyl derivative (fluridil) at 10 μM decreased expression of the AR in LNCaP human cells by 95%, its serum half‐life was 6 h; it decomposes hydrolytically to BP‐34 and trifluoroacetic acid. Acute intraperitoneal maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of fluridil in mice is 270–300 mg/kg/d and the subacute MTD is 450 mg/kg/d. The oral LD50 in mice was 2,872 mg/kg in males, 2,232 mg/kg in females, and >2,500 mg/kg in rats. Fluridil solution in isopropanol was not cutaneously absorbed in rabbits, did not sensitize or show any phototoxic or photoallergic effects on guinea pig skin, and demonstrated no skin irritation potential in rabbits and humans. Fluridil solid induced only slight and reversible eye irritancy in rabbits and displayed no cytotoxicity to rabbit corneal fibroblasts in vitro. Fluridil demonstrated no significant mutagenicity potential by Ames method. In a double‐blind study, 43 males with AGA, Norwood grade II to Va, used topical 2% fluridil in isopropanol or the vehicle daily for 12 months. Anagens (growing hairs) increased in the fluridil group from 76% to 89%. All hematological and biochemistry values remained within normal range, including testosterone, which varied but seasonally. No fluridil or its decomposition product (BP‐34) was detected in serum. No adverse side effects were reported. Drug Dev. Res. 59:292–306, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
57.
Nancy C Dolan M Rosario Ferreira Terry C Davis Marian L Fitzgibbon Alfred Rademaker Dachao Liu Brian P Schmitt Nicolle Gorby Michael Wolf Charles L Bennett 《Journal of clinical oncology》2004,22(13):2617-2622
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether lower literacy is associated with poorer knowledge and more negative attitudes and beliefs toward colorectal cancer screening among veterans without recent colorectal cancer screening. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred seventy-seven male veterans, age 50 years and older, who had not undergone recent colorectal cancer screening, were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding colorectal cancer screening. Patients' literacy was assessed with the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, an individually administered screening test for reading. RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of the 377 men had an eighth grade literacy level or higher. Men with lower literacy were 3.5 times as likely not to have heard about colorectal cancer (8.8% v 2.5%; P =.006), 1.5 times as likely not to know about screening tests (58.4% v 40.9%; P =.0001), and were more likely to have negative attitudes about fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), but not about flexible sigmoidoscopy. Specifically, men with lower literacy skills were two times as likely to be worried that FOBT was messy (26.7% v 13.3%; P =.008), 1.5 times as likely to feel that FOBT was inconvenient (28.7% v 18%; P =.05), and four times as likely to state they would not use an FOBT kit even if their physician recommended it (17.9% v 4.0%; P =.02). CONCLUSION: Limited literacy may be an overlooked barrier in colorectal cancer screening among veterans. 相似文献
58.
Marian L Neuhouser Ruth E Patterson Mark D Thornquist Gilbert S Omenn Irena B King Gary E Goodman 《Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention》2003,12(4):350-358
Despite the unexpected results from the beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) and similar supplementation trials showing that supplementation with beta-carotene increased, rather than decreased, lung cancer incidence, considerable interest remains in investigating how other compounds in fruits and vegetables may affect lung cancer risk. We used data from 14,120 CARET participants who completed food frequency questionnaires to examine associations of diet with lung cancer risk. After 12 years of follow-up (1989-2001), 742 participants developed lung cancer. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate multivariate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were controlled for smoking, asbestos exposure, and other covariates. Analyses of specific botanical groups were also controlled for total fruit and vegetable intake. All models were stratified by CARET treatment arm, and all statistical tests were two-sided. Statistically significant associations of fruit and vegetable intake with lower lung cancer risk were restricted to the CARET placebo arm. The RR for highest versus lowest quintile of total fruit consumption in the placebo arm was 0.56 (95% CI, 0.39-0.81) with a two-sided P for trend = 0.003. Two specific botanical groups were associated with reduced risk of lung cancer. Compared with the lowest quintile of rosaceae fruit consumption, placebo participants in the top quintile had a RR of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.42-0.94; P for trend = 0.02); for cruciferae vegetables, the RR was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.45-1.04; P for trend = 0.01). We did not observe any statistically significant associations of fruit and vegetable intake with lung cancer risk among participants randomized to receive the CARET supplements (30 mg of beta-carotene and 25,000 IU of retinyl palmitate). This report provides evidence that plant foods have an important preventive influence in a population at high risk for lung cancer. However, persons who use beta-carotene supplements do not benefit from the protective compounds in plant foods. 相似文献
59.
60.
Rita Azizi-Egrari Charlotte G. Neumann Linda B. Bourque Gail G. Harrison Marian D. Sigman 《Ecology of food and nutrition》2004,43(5):355-373
Associations between maternal nutritional factors including energy intake, body mass index, postpartum weight change, and anemia status and maternal-infant interactions were examined in 124 mother-infant pairs from a marginally malnourished, rural Kenyan population. Anemic mothers spent less time holding and caring for their infants than nonanemic mothers. Mothers who retained their pregnancy weight gain or were able to gain weight postpartum spent more time looking at their infants than mothers who lost weight postpartum. Maternal food intake per se was not associated with patterns of infant interaction. Lower birth weight infants were held more, cared for more, and looked at face-to-face more by their mothers. Older sisters tended to be more involved in infant interactions with higher birth weight infants. 相似文献