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991.
992.
Neves-E-Castro M 《Clinical obstetrics and gynecology》2008,51(3):607-617
During hormone treatments for the relief of the symptoms of postmenopausal women a number of side effects may occur. Some may be due to the wrong choice of the steroids used for treatment or to the route of administration. However, the more important ones deserving much attention are the rare occurrences of malignancies of the uterus and ovaries. The risk for ovarian cancer, if it exists, is minimal and clinically irrelevant. Estrogen only treatments are used only in hysterectomized women. Continuous combined estrogen-progestin treatments have a very low risk of association with endometrial cancers compared with sequential regimens. Tibolone may be associated with a very small risk for endometrial cancers and thus must be properly monitored by transvaginal ultrasound. Breast cancer patients being treated with tamoxifen require careful attention to the endometrium to exclude a carcinoma. For the protection of the endometrium, a progestin-releasing intrauterine devise is an attractive choice. Raloxifene used for a long time to prevent osteoporosis is safe for the endometrium. None of the above-mentioned side effects is enough to prevent a physician from using hormone treatment in postmenopausal women if there are no past or current contraindications. 相似文献
993.
Manuel Serrano 《Parasitology research》1940,12(1):1-35
Ohne ZusammenfassungD 5.Bei Vollendung meiner Arbeit möchte ich meinem sehr verehrten Lehrer, Herrn Prof. Dr.Grütz, Direktor der Dermatologischen Universitätsklinik Bonn, meinen besten Dank aussprechen für die überlassung des Themas und seinen mir jederzeit freundlich gewährten Rat. 相似文献
994.
Preventive Strategies Against Cytomegalovirus and Incidence of α‐Herpesvirus Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Nationwide Cohort Study 下载免费PDF全文
C. Martin‐Gandul S. Stampf D. Héquet N. J. Mueller A. Cusini C. van Delden N. Khanna K. Boggian C. Hirzel P. Soccal H. H. Hirsch M. Pascual P. Meylan O. Manuel Swiss Transplant Cohort Study 《American journal of transplantation》2017,17(7):1813-1822
We assessed the impact of antiviral preventive strategies on the incidence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) infections in a nationwide cohort of transplant recipients. Risk factors for the development of HSV or VZV infection were assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression. We included 2781 patients (56% kidney, 20% liver, 10% lung, 7.3% heart, 6.7% others). Overall, 1264 (45%) patients received antiviral prophylaxis (ganciclovir or valganciclovir, n = 1145; acyclovir or valacyclovir, n = 138). Incidence of HSV and VZV infections was 28.9 and 12.1 cases, respectively, per 1000 person‐years. Incidence of HSV and VZV infections at 1 year after transplant was 4.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.5–5.8) in patients receiving antiviral prophylaxis versus 12.3% (95% CI 10.7–14) in patients without prophylaxis; this was observed particularly for HSV infections (3% [95% CI 2.2–4] versus 9.8% [95% CI 8.4–11.4], respectively). A lower rate of HSV and VZV infections was also seen in donor or recipient cytomegalovirus‐positive patients receiving ganciclovir or valganciclovir prophylaxis compared with a preemptive approach. Female sex (hazard ratio [HR] 1.663, p = 0.001), HSV seropositivity (HR 5.198, p < 0.001), previous episodes of rejection (HR 1.95, p = 0.004), and use of a preemptive approach (HR 2.841, p = 0.017) were significantly associated with a higher risk of HSV infection. Although HSV and VZV infections were common after transplantation, antiviral prophylaxis significantly reduced symptomatic HSV infections. 相似文献
995.
Rea DJ Munoz-Juarez M Farnell MB Donohue JH Que FG Crownhart B Larson D Nagorney DM 《Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)》2004,139(5):514-23; discussion 523-5
HYPOTHESIS: Major hepatectomy, bile duct resection, and regional lymphadenectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma are associated with actual long-term (>5 years) survival. DESIGN: Retrospective outcome study. SETTING: Single tertiary referral institution. PATIENTS: Between 1979 and 1997, 46 consecutive patients had resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma by major hepatectomy, bile duct resection, and regional lymphadenectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall survival and tumor recurrence were correlated to clinicopathological factors, operative morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients underwent left hepatectomy, 17 underwent right hepatectomy, and 4 had extended right hepatectomy. Eighteen patients underwent resection of segment 1. Negative (R0) resection margins were achieved in 37 patients (80%). The operative mortality rate was 9%, and the surgical morbidity rate was 52%. Actual 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 80%, 39%, and 26%, respectively. Factors adversely associated with patient survival rates included: male sex, lymph node metastases, tumor grade 3 or 4, elevated direct serum bilirubin level at diagnosis, elevated preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time, and more than 4 U of red blood cells transfused perioperatively. Tumor size and R0 resection approached significance for survival. Factors associated with tumor recurrence included: male sex, tumor grade 3 or 4, a low hemoglobin level both at diagnosis and preoperatively, and a low preoperative prothrombin time and low alkaline phosphatase level at diagnosis and preoperatively. Median time to recurrence was 3.6 years. Tumor recurrence was predominantly local and regional. CONCLUSIONS: The actual 5-year survival rate of 26% justifies major partial hepatectomy, bile duct resection, and regional lymphadenectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The high frequency of local and regional recurrence warrants investigation of adjuvant therapy. 相似文献
996.
Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture anaesthesia in inguinal hernia repair. Methods: Twelve patients with non‐recurrent inguinal hernia had Lichtenstein mesh repair under acupuncture anaesthesia. Selected acupuncture loci were stimulated with fine needles connected to low frequency current. Supplementary local anaesthetic was given when required. Results: Four (33%) patients reported satisfactory analgesic effect throughout the operation without need for additional medication, eight (67%) patients experienced mild discomfort during the operation requiring 1?4 mL of 1% lignocaine injection. Blood pressure and heart rate were stable during the procedure. All patients were able to sit up and resume their diet immediately postoperatively. All but one patient were discharged on day one after the procedure, with no early or late complications reported. Most patients were satisfied with the analgesic effect of acupuncture anaesthesia. Conclusions: Acupuncture anaesthesia is a feasible anaesthetic option. It reduces the amount of local anaesthetic required, and thus the associated potential complications. It is effective in pain relief and inhibiting gastrointestinal upset. Postoperative recovery was rapid and complication free. 相似文献
997.
Márquez MF Duarte AR Ibáñez VM Lozano RB Gil FR Sierra IB Morales Mdel M 《Cirugía espa?ola》2011,89(1):3-9
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer or Lynch Syndrome, caused by germinal mutations in mismatch deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair genes, is the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer. The identification of these individuals is not easy and is based on clinical and molecular criteria. A review is presented on the genetics and diagnosis in Lynch Syndrome, as well as on its surgical management and prevention 相似文献
998.
Beat Moeckli Pamela Sun Franois Lazeyras Philippe Morel Solange Moll Manuel Pascual Lo H. Bühler 《Transplant international》2019,32(5):459-469
The lack of suitable kidney donor organs has led to rising numbers of patients with end stage renal disease waiting for kidney transplantation. Despite decades of clinical experience and research, no evaluation process that can reliably predict the outcome of an organ has yet been established. This review is an overview of current methods and emerging techniques in the field of donor kidney evaluation prior to transplantation. Established techniques like histological evaluation, clinical scores, and machine perfusion systems offer relatively reliable predictions of delayed graft function but are unable to consistently predict graft survival. Emerging techniques including molecular biomarkers, new imaging technologies, and normothermic machine perfusion offer innovative approaches toward a more global evaluation of an organ with better outcome prediction and possibly even identification of targets for therapeutic interventions prior to transplantation. These techniques should be studied in randomized controlled trials to determine whether they can be safely used in routine clinical practice to ultimately reduce the discard rate and improve graft outcomes. 相似文献
999.
Clinical usefulness of FDG-PET/CT scan imaging in the management of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BACKGROUND: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is, aside skin cancer, the most common malignancy occurring after solid organ transplant in adults. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has proved useful in the management of lymphomas. METHODS: We report our experience with the use of FDG-PET inline with computed tomography (CT) scanning in the management of four transplant recipients with histologically confirmed PTLD, including three monomorphic PTLDs and one polymorphic PTLD. RESULTS: FDG-PET/CT scan at diagnosis showed increased FDG uptake in all examined PTLD lesions, and the disease was upstaged on the basis of FDG-PET/CT scan results over conventional CT scanning in one patient. At the end of treatment, PET/CT scans no longer demonstrated FDG uptake in the original PTLD lesions in all patients. Complete remission of disease persisted for at least 1 year after diagnosis in all. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly support that FDG-PET scanning is highly specific for diagnosis and follow-up of PTLD. The clinical relevance of including FDG-PET/CT scanning in the management of PTLD should be evaluated in a larger prospective cohort study. 相似文献
1000.
Gómez JM Vilarrasa N Masdevall C Pujol J Solano E Soler J Elio I Gallart L Vendrell J 《Obesity surgery》2009,19(3):345-350
Background The mechanisms by which increased body weight influence bone mass density (BMD) are still unknown. The aim of our study was
to analyze the relationship between anthropometric and body composition variables, insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I), adiponectin
and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors (sTNFR) 1 and 2 with BMD in two cohorts of morbid obese patients, before and
after bypass surgery.
Methods The first cohort included 25 women aged 48 ± 7.6 years studied before bypass surgery. The second included 41 women aged 46 ± 9.2 years,
12 months after surgery. We studied anthropometric variables obtained from whole body DEXA composition analysis. Serum IGF-I,
intact serum parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxivitamin D3, plasma adiponectin concentrations, sTNFR1, sTNFR2 concentrations were measured.
Results In the first cohort, the BMI was 44.5 ± 3.6 kg/m2, parathyroid hormone, IGF-I, and adiponectin concentrations were lower, and sTNFR1 concentrations were higher than in the
second cohort. In the multiple regression analysis, BMD remained significantly associated with body fat percentage (β −0.154,
p = 0.01), lean mass (β 0.057, p = 0.016) and phosphate concentration (β 0.225, p = 0.05). In the second cohort, BMI was 31 ± 5.1 kg/m2. In the multiple regression analysis, BMD remained significantly associated with lean mass (β 0.006, p = 0.03).
Conclusion The inverse correlation found between body fat and BMD in the first cohort indicates morbid obesity increases the risk of
osteoporosis and we found a positive correlation with lean and fat mass before bariatric surgery and with lean mass after
bypass surgery. 相似文献