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Purpose
Surgical treatment of Tarlov cysts is still a matter of debate. Published literature thus far includes mainly small case series with retrospective evaluation and short-term follow-up. We present a novel microsurgical technique that combines the decompression of the nerve fibers with the prevention of recurrence. The long-term follow-up is provided.Methods
The indication for surgery was incapacitating pain refractory to medical therapy for at least 6 months. The surgical technique consisted in microsurgical opening of the cyst, relief of CSF followed by secured inverted plication of the cyst wall, packing of remnant space with fat graft, and sacroplasty. Pain and neurological deficits were evaluated according to a modified Barrow National Institute score (BNI score, 0–5) and the Departmental Neuro Score (DNS score, 0–20).Results
A total of 13 patients (9 women, 4 men) were operated and followed up to 14 years (mean FU 5.3 years). Mean age at surgery was 51.8 (±14) years. Pain and neurological deficits improved significantly in 11/13 patients (BNI score pre-OP 5 vs 3.1 ± 1.2 at 1-year-FU, and 2.8 ± 1.2 at last follow-up visit; DNS score pre-OP 5.5 ± 1.5 vs 2.8 ± 2.1 at 1-year follow-up, and 2.6 ± 2.2 at last follow-up visit. Two patients needed revision surgery due to reoccurrence of the cyst. One patient suffered deterioration of preexisting neurological deficit.Conclusions
The inverted plication technique combined with sacroplasty is a promising technique. It improves pain and neurological deficits on the long term in the majority of patients with symptomatic Tarlov cysts.Areas covered: This two-part review considers the effects of cancer drug treatment on the CV system. In Part I, the various types of CV and cardiometabolic toxicity of anti-cancer drugs and the possible mechanisms involved are discussed. Also, among the specific oncologic agents, the CV effects of the classical agents and of the large molecule immunological agents (monoclonal antibodies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors) are detailed.
Expert opinion: Oncologic agents produce a variety of CV adverse effects, including cardiomyopathy and heart failure, peri-myocarditis, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension (HTN), cardiac arrhythmias, valvular heart disease, and pulmonary HTN. Both the oncologist and the cardiologist need to be aware of such adverse effects and of the specific agents that produce them. They need to join forces to prevent, anticipate, recognize, and manage such complications. 相似文献
Areas covered: In part 2 of this review, the discussion of the CV effects of specific oncology drugs is completed with inclusion of additional immunological agents, current hormonal and other agents. Early detection and monitoring of cardiotoxicity, use of biomarkers and other imaging and diagnostic methods and prevention and treatment options are also discussed.
Expert opinion: As outlined in part 1 of this review, oncologists need to be aware of the CV adverse-effects of their treatments and make careful and expectant clinical decisions, especially in patients with preexisting CVD or CV risk factors. Similarly, cardiologists should consider a detailed previous history of treatment for malignant disease, including prior chemotherapy exposure, dose(s) received, and/or combined modality therapy with chest radiotherapy. Both specialists should collaborate in order to minimize the impact of these two ubiquitous diseases (cancer and CVD) and mitigate the adverse effects of treatment modalities. 相似文献