Common Mechanism of Pathogenesis in Gastrointestinal Diseases Implied by Consistent Efficacy of Single Chinese Medicine Formula: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders often manifest similar symptoms with overlapping clinical diagnosis and unmet medical needs. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has history-proven benefits for GI diseases; albeit language barrier prevents Western readers from accessing the original reports in Chinese. The TCM formula Si-Ni-San (SNS) consists of 4 herbs targeting on homeostatic disturbances characterized by “reflux” and “irritable” problems. Here we used SNS as a therapeutic tool to explore the common mechanisms of pathogenesis in non-neoplastic GI diseases.Data sources from PUBMED, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were searched for clinical trials. Comparisons were SNS as intervention and Western conventional medicine as control, which treat patients with upper GI disorders (gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, duodenogastric reflux), lower GI diseases (irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis), and functional dyspepsia. Participants and studies in accordance with the Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement were eligible. We used the Jadad scale to assess methodological qualities, the fixed or random-effect model to evaluate therapeutic efficacy, and the funnel plots to explore publication bias. Outcome was clinical efficacy defined by symptom relief with normal GI endoscopy, radiology, and pathology.We included 83 studies involving 7762 participants: 1708 versus 1397 of the upper GI disorders in 34 studies, 901 versus 768 of the lower GI diseases in 19 studies, 1641 versus 1348 of functional dyspepsia in 30 studies, and 328 versus 287 of relapse rate in 8 studies. Six studies had a Jadad score >2 points and the rest were <2 points. Pooled data showed significant efficacy of SNS for the upper GI disorders (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.09–4.92), lower GI diseases (OR = 4.91, 95% CI = 3.71–6.51), and functional dyspepsia (N = 2989; OR = 3.94, 95% CI = 3.17–4.90). The relapse rate was 12.9% for SNS, significantly <46.5% for conventional therapies (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.11–0.25).The consistent efficacy of the single TCM formula implicates common mechanisms of pathogenesis in GI disorders.     

转化生长因子β3基因转染兔骨髓间充质干细胞诱导其向软骨表型的分化

背景：内源性诱导软骨分为就是通过一定的载体将目的基因整合入干细胞内,使其自行分泌诱导因子诱导自身进行分化。目的：观察将转化生长因子β3通过腺相关病毒载体转染诱导兔骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨表型转化的能力。方法：取体外培养的第3代骨髓间充质干细胞进行重组腺相关病毒转染,将转染后3,6,9,12d细胞裂解提取蛋白进行酶联免疫检测目的蛋白转化生长因子β3的体外表达。RT-PCR,免疫印迹westernblot分别从基因和蛋白水平上检测1,2周Ⅱ型胶原的表达,甲苯胺蓝染色检测1,2周蛋白多糖的表达。结果与结论：重组腺相关病毒转染后,骨髓间充质干细胞可以较稳定的表达目的蛋白转化生长因子β3,并且转染成功的骨髓间充质干细胞较阴性对照组能够更好的向软骨表型转化。证实转化生长因子β3可以腺相关病毒为载体转染骨髓间充质干细胞并诱导其向软骨表型分化。     

转化生长因子β3和骨形态发生蛋白2基因共转染骨髓干细胞*

背景：骨形态发生蛋白2及转化生长因子β是骨再生中重要的因子,提高其表达可促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。目的：构建携带转化生长因子β3和骨形态发生蛋白2基因的慢病毒载体,观察其在骨髓间充质干细胞中的表达情况。方法：应用重组慢病毒技术构建同时携带转化生长因子β3、骨形态发生蛋白2和绿色荧光蛋白基因的重组慢病毒表达载体,并用其转染体外培养的第3代兔骨髓间充质干细胞,以转染携带转化生长因子β3或骨形态发生蛋白2单一基因的慢病毒或单独慢病毒的骨髓间充质干细胞作为对照。转染后1周分别提取各组细胞的总RNA 和蛋白进行检测。结果与结论：荧光显微镜下见转染转化生长因子β3和(或)骨形态发生蛋白2基因3 d 的骨髓间充质干细胞发绿色荧光,转染效率达90%以上。RT-PCR 和 Western blot 结果显示,转染转化生长因子β3和骨形态发生蛋白2基因的骨髓间充质干细胞转化生长因子β3和骨形态发生蛋白2 mRNA 和蛋白的表达均高于单一基因转染组及空白对照组。可见应用慢病毒可成功将转化生长因子β3和骨形态发生蛋白2基因转染至骨髓间充质干细胞并实现其高效表达,且两种基因具有协同促表达作用。     

Utilization of phosphate rock as a sole source of phosphorus for uranium biomineralization mediated by Penicillium funiculosum

In this work, uranium(vi) biomineralization by soluble ortho-phosphate from decomposition of the phosphate rock powder, a cheap and readily available material, was studied in detail. Penicillium funiculosum was effective in solubilizing P from the phosphate rock powder, and the highest concentration of the dissolved phosphate reached 220 mg L⁻¹ (pH = 6). A yellow precipitate was immediately formed when solutions with different concentrations of uranium were treated with PO₄³⁻-containing fermentation broth, and the precipitate was identified as chernikovite by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray powder diffraction. Our study showed that the concentrations of uranium in solutions can be decreased to the level lower than maximum contaminant limit for water (50 μg L⁻¹) by the Environmental Protection Agency of China when Penicillium funiculosum was incubated for 22 days in the broth containing 5 g L⁻¹ phosphate rock powder.

In this work, uranium(vi) biomineralization by soluble ortho-phosphate from decomposition of the phosphate rock powder, a cheap and readily available material, was studied in detail.     

威海地区健康人群血尿酸浓度的调查

目的了解本地区健康人群血尿酸浓度,及正常人群存在的无症状性高、低尿酸血症群体比例。方法用尿酸氧化酶法,检测了624份健康人血清样品。结果男性<10岁为163.2±50.0umol/L,11~20岁为253.2±65.3umol/L,中青年(21~50)为232.5±73.2umol/L,>51岁组为231.6±69.3umol/L。女性<10岁组为140.6±49.7umol/L,11~20岁组为174.3±62.2umol/L,中青年(21~50)为177.0±58.1umol/L,>51岁组为214.4±69.4umol/L。同年龄段男女间比较:在<10岁,无显著性差异(p>0.05);在11~50岁,相差均非常显著(p<0.001);从51岁以后,差异无显著性(p>0.05)。男性UA在l~10组水平较低,与其它组比较,差异显著(P<0.001),11~20组与41~50、51~60组相比差异显著(p<0.05)。女性UA在1~10年龄段水平较低,与其它组比较,差异显著(P<0.001),31~40水平最低,41岁以后呈增高趋势。61岁以后比50岁以前水平增高,差异有显著性(p<0.05)。结论诊断高、低尿酸血症各地区最好建立自己的血清尿酸参考范围。     

2014年江苏省疟疾疫情流行病学分析

目的 掌握2014年江苏省疟疾疫情及流行特征,为制订和调整适合本省的消除疟疾策略和措施提供依据。方法 对2014年全省网络报告疟疾疫情和专报系统的流行病学调查资料进行统计分析。 结果 2014年江苏省共报告疟疾355例,较2013年（341例）上升4.11%,发病率为0.046/万。355例均为国外输入性病例,4例（1.13%）来自东南亚,351例（98.87%）来自21个非洲国家或地区。全省13个市均有疟疾病例报告,其中淮安市（56例）、南通市（46例）、连云港市（42例）、扬州市（41例）和泰州市（40例）报告病例数占全省总数的63.38%（225/355）。省疟疾诊断参比实验室对355份样本进行复核,发现恶性疟292例、间日疟4例、三日疟10例、卵形疟46例,混合感染3例。病例追踪观察发现,355例疟疾病例中有6例恶性疟出现了再燃,有4例卵形疟和1例间日疟出现了复发。结论　江苏省已连续3年无本地感染疟疾病例,初步实现消除疟疾目标,但境外输入性疟疾病例仍较多,且感染虫种呈多样性,加强境外输入性疟疾监测、提高各级医疗机构相关人员对疟疾的诊断和治疗能力、针对性地开展重点人群健康教育,是本省疟疾防控工作的重点。     

癫痫患者认知障碍与生存质量的相关研究

目的 探讨癫痫患者认知功能障碍的发生率及其影响因素，并研究认知障碍对其生存质量(QOL)的影响。方法 采用瑞文标准推理测验(RSPM)分别测评134例正常人及134例癫痫患者的认知功能，比较2组的测验得分情况，并对影响测验得分的多种因素进行相关性分析，最后将癫痫组按有、无认知功能障碍分为2个亚组，研究癫痫患者认知功能障碍对其QOL的影响。结果 本研究中癫痫患者认知功能障碍的发生率为35％，各分测验结果与正常对照组比较，差异均具有显著性意义。癫痫患者的认知功能障碍与起病年龄、病程、发作类型、发作频率及每次发作持续时间等密切相关；癫痫患者QOL与认知功能状况密切相关。结论 本研究中，约35％的癫痫患者有认知功能障碍，起病年龄、病程、发作类型、发作频率及发作持续时间对其影响较大，且认知功能与生存质量密切相关。临床应重视癫痫患者的认知功能状况，尽量减少或避免导致认知功能受损的危险因素发生，以提高癫痫患者的QOL。     

Determination of plasma antiglycan autoantibodies in patients with IgA nephropathy and the correlation with clinical characteristics

Objective To establish the measurement of IgA1 O-glycan-specific antiglycan autoantibodies in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and evaluate their role in the development and progression of IgAN. Methods In the IgAN regular follow-up cohort of Peking University Institute of Nephrology from January 2006 to December 2015, 170 patients drawn by stratified randomization were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of plasma galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) and antiglycan autoantibody (IgG and IgA1). The correlation between antiglycan autoantibodies and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed by linear correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the value of plasma anti glycide antibodies in the diagnosis of IgAN. Results IgG and IgA1 antiglycan autoantibodies that specifically recognized Fab-hinge region (Fab-HR) antigens could be detected in both IgAN and healthy control group. Agglutinin inhibition test showed that the specific antigen epitope was N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue exposed to galactose deficiency in IgA1 hinged region. There was no significant difference in the absolute levels of plasma IgG antiglycan autoantibodies between IgAN and healthy controls (P=0.963). After adjustment of the plasma level of IgG, the normalized antiglycan autoantibody (ln[IgG antiglycan antibody/IgG]) in patients with IgAN was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (0.58±0.31 vs 0.37±0.11, P﹤0.01). The normalized level of IgG antiglycan autoantibody in IgAN patients was positively correlated with 24 h urine protein level during renal biopsy (Spearman r=0.183, P﹤0.05), and was also significantly correlated with 24 h urinary protein level after adjusting for baseline clinical and pathological factors (β=0.713, 95%CI 0.323-1.102, P﹤0.01). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of normalized IgG antiglycan autoantibody in the diagnosis of IgAN was 0.764 (95% CI 0.682-0.845, P﹤0.05). Using the cut-off value of 0.396, the sensitivity and specificity of normalized IgG antiglycan autoantibody for IgAN were 0.729 and 0.700 respectively. There was no significant difference in the absolute or normalized levels of IgA1 antiglycan autoantibodies between IgAN patients and healthy controls. Conclusions Gd-IgA1-specific antiglycan autoantibodies can be detected both in IgAN patients and healthy controls. They are elevated in some patients with IgAN and possibly involved in the development of IgAN.     

Effects of administration styles of arsenic trioxide on intracellular arsenic concentration, cell differentiation and apoptosis

We studied the effects of varying and steady-state concentrations of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on apoptosis and differentiation of several cell lines in vitro. We also studied the same effects of fluctuating vs constant concentrations of As2O3 in vivo in patients treated with daily 3-hour fast infusions or daily slow, continuous infusions. Intracellular concentrations of arsenic and apoptosis rate were higher whereas differentiation was reduced in cells exposed to constant concentrations of As2O3.