COVID-19 pandemic reduces the negative perception of oral health-related quality of life in adolescents

Quality of Life Research - As people around the world are facing the Covid-19 outbreak, their perception of oral health problems could be changed. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effects...     

急性有机磷农药中毒120例的救治

0　引言　近年来 ,我科在救治急性有机磷农药 (organophos-phorus,OP)中毒方面 ,积累了一些经验 ,现报告如下 .1　对象和方法1 .1　对象　本组 1 2 0例符合《急诊急救学》中的诊断标准 [1 ](男 2 9例 ,女 91例 ) ,年龄 1 .5～ 70岁 ,平均 2 8.6岁 .经口中毒 99例 ,经皮肤中毒 2 1例 .轻度中毒 1 5例 ,中度中毒 42例 ,重度 (含极重度 )中毒 6 3例 . 1 996年 39例 ,1 997年 43例 ,1 998年 38例 . DDV 79例 ,乐果 2 0例 ,混合性中毒 1 0例 ,水胺磷 3例 ,氧化乐果、 391 1、 1 0 5 9、对硫磷各 2例 ,敌百虫 1例 ,药名不详 1 0例 .服毒量 >2 5 …     

Expression pattern of gastrointestinal markers in native colorectal epithelium, lesions, and carcinomas

Three small peptides with a typical cysteine-rich domain (TFF or P-domain) display a specific folding structure (trefoil); they are abundantly expressed on mucosal surfaces of normal and neoplastic gastrointestinal tissues. This epithelial location coincides with mucin secretion and, although not proven beyond doubt, this association is suggestive of their function in maintenance of surface integrity. Using normal colon epithelium, premalignant lesions and tumor samples and specific antibodies we studied expression of these peptides in colorectal carcinomas. RT PCR was performed to extend the sensitivity of the assays. While coexpression of pS2, hITF, MUC1 and MUC2 was demonstrated, MUC5 was absent and no simultaneous activity of pS2 and SML1 (as in gastric mucosa and carcinoma) was noted in rectal tumors. Actively transcribed and expressed cytokeratin 20 and GAPDH were used as experimental controls for immunostaining and RT-PCR, respectively.     

Mucosal immune response development: breastfeeding and environmental influence

A review of the current knowledge of mucosal immune response development indicates that migration of immunocytes to mucosal surfaces is an early event during fetal life. The morphologic development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues (lymphoid follicles, Peyer's patches and tonsils) occurs from 11-20 weeks' gestation upwards. But they are active only after birth, when usually antigenic challenge takes place. The complete development of secretory immunity is a postnatal achievement. In infancy, some environmental factors such as feeding and oral antigenic challenge seems to modulate immune response development. Breastfeeding, by means of antiinfectious, antiinflammatory and immunomodulating properties, besides completing infant secretory immunity, also stimulates immunological maturation on mucosal surfaces.     

The nursing profession in the 21st century

The present article presents the sociological analysis of the nursing profession, focussing the specificities of the profession on the basis of the component elements of a profession, according to the theoretical system of the sociology of professions. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the new millennium, nursing faces crucial questions for the profession, which bring back the need to restructure the strategic considerations that make up the political agenda of the nursing profession. Specific knowledge, professional qualification, particularities of the work process, monopoly of the professional exercise, and the configuration of the hierarchy of the nursing team are some of the items dealt within this article. As one of the essential professions in the health area, nursing needs to reach the next century with a new perspective, knowing how and in which conditions it will develop in a context of paradigmatic changes. Considering this new context, a political agenda for nursing professionals will have to contemplate the several aspects that make up a profession, that is, specific knowledge, exclusive labor market, form of organization, among others.     

Tobacco smoking among Portuguese high-school students.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, behavioural patterns, and determinants of smoking among a large sample of high-school students from Porto, the second largest city in Portugal, information on sociodemographic characteristics and personal history of tobacco, alcohol, coffee, and illicit drug use was obtained from 2974 students, aged 12-19 years (48.7% female, 51.3% male), using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated by logistic regression analysis to estimate the association between smoking and the characteristics evaluated. Overall, 35.8% students had never smoked, 39.4% had tried it ("experimental" smokers) but were not smokers, 3.3% were former smokers, 6.6% occasional smokers, and 14.9% regular smokers. The mean age for starting smoking was 13.4 +/- 2.1 years for males and 13.4 +/- 1.6 years for females. The prevalence of current smoking was higher among males than females, but the difference was not significant. Male students were significantly more likely to smoke more cigarettes per day than were females. The prevalence of smoking was significantly associated with the following variables: being aged > 12 years; having parents who had attended school for < 4 years; having a mother (OR = 1.88), siblings (OR = 1.96) or friends (OR = 1.75) who smoked; low academic performance (OR = 1.74 for one or two failures and OR = 2.27 for more than two failures at school); and consumption of coffee (OR = 2.90), alcohol (OR = 3.53), or illicit drugs (OR = 6.69). The prevalence of smoking among adolescents increased with age. There is therefore a need for school-based tobacco prevention programmes which also deal with family influences on smoking.     

Ipsilesional line bisection bias in patients with chronic parietal lesions

The current study investigated whether an ipsilesional bias in line bisection, a conventional measure for diagnosing hemispatial neglect, persists even in the absence of this syndrome in patients with chronic lesions restricted to posterior association cortex or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Both left and right hemisphere parietal lesions produced ipsilesional bisection errors, and to a comparable degree. Patients with lesions in frontal cortex, on the other hand, did not show a consistent bias. We conclude that chronic parietal lesions produce an ipsilesional bias in line bisection, even in the absence of other clinical signs of neglect, and that left hemisphere lesions can affect line bisection to the same degree as right hemisphere lesions.     

Age and sex differences in the management of ischaemic heart disease

Objective

To investigate age and sex differences in the utilisation of hospital services for ischaemic heart disease.

Design

Analysis of routine mortality data and hospital activity data.

Setting

South West Thames Regional Health Authority.

Subjects

Residents of the South West Thames Regional Health Authority who in 1991 either died from ischaemic heart disease or were admitted to an NHS hospital in England and Wales with a main diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease.

Main outcome measures

Ratio of consultant episodes to deaths from ischaemic heart disease (as a proxymeasure of the utilisation of hospital care), and the percentages of consultant episodes in which further investigation (angiography or catheterisation) or revascularisation treatment (coronary artery bypass grafting or angioplasty) were carried out.

Results

The ratio of episodes to deaths was similar in men and women (odds ratio for men vs. women 0.96, 95% confidence intervals 0.90 to 1.03). The percentage of episodes in which further investigation was carried out was higher in men than women (odds ratio for men vs. women 1.46, 95% confidence intervals 1.25 to 1.70) as was the percentage of episodes in which revascularisation treatment was carried out (odds ratio for men vs. women 1.46, 95% confidence intervals 1.20 to 1.77). The ratio of episodes to deaths, the percentage of episodes in which further investigation was carried out, and the percentage of episodes in which revascularisation treatment was carried out all declined with age (all p values <0.001).

Conclusions

Women with ischaemic heart disease are as likely as men to be admitted to hospital, but afteradmission are less likely to undergo further investigation and revascularisation treatment. Elderly patients with ischaemic heart disease are less likely than younger patients to be admitted to hospital; after admission, they are also less likely to undergo further investigation and revascularisation treatment. Further research is needed to determine whether these age and sex differences in the use of hospital services are clinically justified.