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71.
72.
Maria Paz Hidalgo mp md phd Wolnei Caumo md phd Michele Posser md Sônia Beatriz Coccaro ns phd Ana Luiza Camozzato md phd Márcia Lorena Fagundes Chaves md phd 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》2009,63(3):283-290
Aim: The endogenous circadian clock generates daily variations of physiological and behavior functions such as the endogenous interindividual component (morningness/eveningness preferences). Also, mood disorders are associated with a breakdown in the organization of ultradian rhythm. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assessed the association between chronotype and the level of depressive symptoms in a healthy sample population. Furthermore, the components of the depression scale that best discriminate the chronotypes were determined.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 200 volunteers, aged 18–99 years, 118 women and 82 men. The instruments were the Montgomery–Äsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20, and the future self-perception questionnaire.
Results: Logistic regression showed that subjects with the eveningness chronotype had a higher chance of reporting more severe depressive symptoms compared to morning- and intermediate-chronotypes, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.83 and 5.01, respectively. Other independent cofactors associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms were female gender (OR, 3.36), minor psychiatric disorders (OR, 3.70) and low future self-perception (OR, 3.11). Younger age, however, was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms (OR, 0.97). The questions in the MADRS that presented higher discriminate coefficients among chronotypes were those related to sadness, inner tension, sleep reduction and pessimism.
Conclusion: Identification of an association between evening typology and depressive symptoms in healthy samples may be useful in further investigation of circadian typology and the course of depressive disease. 相似文献
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 200 volunteers, aged 18–99 years, 118 women and 82 men. The instruments were the Montgomery–Äsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20, and the future self-perception questionnaire.
Results: Logistic regression showed that subjects with the eveningness chronotype had a higher chance of reporting more severe depressive symptoms compared to morning- and intermediate-chronotypes, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.83 and 5.01, respectively. Other independent cofactors associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms were female gender (OR, 3.36), minor psychiatric disorders (OR, 3.70) and low future self-perception (OR, 3.11). Younger age, however, was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms (OR, 0.97). The questions in the MADRS that presented higher discriminate coefficients among chronotypes were those related to sadness, inner tension, sleep reduction and pessimism.
Conclusion: Identification of an association between evening typology and depressive symptoms in healthy samples may be useful in further investigation of circadian typology and the course of depressive disease. 相似文献
73.
Tomoyuki Nagata md Kazuhiro Ishii md Tatsuhiko Ito md Kimiyoshi Aoki md Yoshito Ehara md Hidehiro Kada md Haruko Furukawa cp Maki Tsumura cp Shunichiro Shinagawa md phd Hiroo Kasahara md phd Kazuhiko Nakayama md phd 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》2009,63(4):449-454
Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between delusional thoughts (delusional ideation or misidentification) and frontal lobe function using the Japanese version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) bedside screening neuropsychological test in early stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
Methods: Forty-eight probable AD patients with Mini-Mental State Examination score ≧18 points and a clinical dementia rating score of either 0.5 or 1.0 were divided into two groups based on data obtained from interviews with their caregivers: a delusional thought group ( n = 19) and a non-delusional thought group ( n = 29). The FAB total and subtest scores were then compared for the two groups.
Results: Significant differences were found between the FAB total ( P < 0.01) and subtest scores (similarities, motor series, conflicting instructions; P < 0.05) for the two groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that delusional thought was significantly associated with the FAB total score.
Conclusions: In addition to episodic memory disorders, a reduction in the FAB score may reflect frontal lobe dysfunctions, including executive function, in patients with AD, leading to delusional ideation. 相似文献
Methods: Forty-eight probable AD patients with Mini-Mental State Examination score ≧18 points and a clinical dementia rating score of either 0.5 or 1.0 were divided into two groups based on data obtained from interviews with their caregivers: a delusional thought group ( n = 19) and a non-delusional thought group ( n = 29). The FAB total and subtest scores were then compared for the two groups.
Results: Significant differences were found between the FAB total ( P < 0.01) and subtest scores (similarities, motor series, conflicting instructions; P < 0.05) for the two groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that delusional thought was significantly associated with the FAB total score.
Conclusions: In addition to episodic memory disorders, a reduction in the FAB score may reflect frontal lobe dysfunctions, including executive function, in patients with AD, leading to delusional ideation. 相似文献
74.
Kenzo Haraguchi otr Masaharu Maeda md phd Yan Xiao Mei otr Naohisa Uchimura md phd 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》2009,63(2):153-160
Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate social attitudes toward schizophrenia in Japan and China in view of social distance and knowledge of psychiatry, as well as sociocultural aspects.
Methods: Two self-rating scales were used to compare social distance and knowledge regarding schizophrenia in 352 Japanese subjects and 347 Chinese subjects. The Social Distance Scale–Japanese version was used to measure social distance from schizophrenia subjects in Japan. This scale consists of eight questions graded using a 4-point Likert scale (0–3 points), with higher scores representing increased social distance. A translation of the SDSJ into Chinese was used to assess social distance in China. The Knowledge of Illness and Drugs Inventory was used to determine participant knowledge of mental illness and its treatment (medication) through 20 questions (responses are graded as correct or incorrect, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge). A Chinese version of this questionnaire was also created.
Results: Total scores of both scales were significantly higher in Japanese subjects than in Chinese subjects.
Conclusions: Social distance associated with schizophrenia is large in both Beijing and Fukuoka, but the features of social distance differ between countries. It is important to determine the features of stigma associated with schizophrenia and develop anti-stigma programs based on trans-cultural considerations. 相似文献
Methods: Two self-rating scales were used to compare social distance and knowledge regarding schizophrenia in 352 Japanese subjects and 347 Chinese subjects. The Social Distance Scale–Japanese version was used to measure social distance from schizophrenia subjects in Japan. This scale consists of eight questions graded using a 4-point Likert scale (0–3 points), with higher scores representing increased social distance. A translation of the SDSJ into Chinese was used to assess social distance in China. The Knowledge of Illness and Drugs Inventory was used to determine participant knowledge of mental illness and its treatment (medication) through 20 questions (responses are graded as correct or incorrect, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge). A Chinese version of this questionnaire was also created.
Results: Total scores of both scales were significantly higher in Japanese subjects than in Chinese subjects.
Conclusions: Social distance associated with schizophrenia is large in both Beijing and Fukuoka, but the features of social distance differ between countries. It is important to determine the features of stigma associated with schizophrenia and develop anti-stigma programs based on trans-cultural considerations. 相似文献
75.
Bernhard T. Baune p hd md mph Jordan McAfoose ba Geraldine Leach ba Frances Quirk p hd David Mitchell p hd 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》2009,63(3):392-400
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between cognitive performance and psychiatric and medical comorbidity in major depression.
Methods: The present study evaluated the cognitive performance of patients ( n = 96) diagnosed with a major depressive episode in relation to the presence of medical and/or psychiatric comorbidity. Participants were assessed clinically and cognitively using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Four groups of comorbidity were categorized: (i) no comorbidity, (ii) medical comorbidity; (iii) psychiatric comorbidity; and (iv) both medical and psychiatric comorbidity, and subsequently analyzed for differences across six cognitive domains: immediate memory, visuospatial, language, attention, delayed memory, and total score.
Results: Only 20.8% of the participants did not have a comorbidity of any kind, while psychiatric comorbidities (67.7%) were more frequent than medical comorbidities (39.6%). Education and severity of depressive symptoms negatively influenced cognitive performance. Psychiatric comorbidity alone significantly decreased cognitive performance in the visuospatial/constructional and the language domains and the total score. In addition, increasing numbers of psychiatric comorbidities were related to worse cognitive performance. In contrast, medical illnesses alone had no negative impact on any of the domains of cognitive performance. Evidence was found for additive effects of medical and psychiatric comorbidities in depression on visuospatial/constructional cognitive abilities.
Conclusion: The strongest predictor of poor cognitive performance in depression was psychiatric comorbidity. The assessment and treatment of cognitive dysfunction in depression should consider the relative impact of psychiatric comorbidity. 相似文献
Methods: The present study evaluated the cognitive performance of patients ( n = 96) diagnosed with a major depressive episode in relation to the presence of medical and/or psychiatric comorbidity. Participants were assessed clinically and cognitively using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Four groups of comorbidity were categorized: (i) no comorbidity, (ii) medical comorbidity; (iii) psychiatric comorbidity; and (iv) both medical and psychiatric comorbidity, and subsequently analyzed for differences across six cognitive domains: immediate memory, visuospatial, language, attention, delayed memory, and total score.
Results: Only 20.8% of the participants did not have a comorbidity of any kind, while psychiatric comorbidities (67.7%) were more frequent than medical comorbidities (39.6%). Education and severity of depressive symptoms negatively influenced cognitive performance. Psychiatric comorbidity alone significantly decreased cognitive performance in the visuospatial/constructional and the language domains and the total score. In addition, increasing numbers of psychiatric comorbidities were related to worse cognitive performance. In contrast, medical illnesses alone had no negative impact on any of the domains of cognitive performance. Evidence was found for additive effects of medical and psychiatric comorbidities in depression on visuospatial/constructional cognitive abilities.
Conclusion: The strongest predictor of poor cognitive performance in depression was psychiatric comorbidity. The assessment and treatment of cognitive dysfunction in depression should consider the relative impact of psychiatric comorbidity. 相似文献
76.
Birgul Elbozan Cumurcu md Huseyin Ozyurt md Ilker Etikan p hd Suleyman Demir md Rifat Karlidag md 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》2009,63(5):639-645
Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) are associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to evaluate the impact of antidepressant treatment on TAC and TOS in MDD.
Methods: Fifty-seven MDD patients and 40 healthy controls participated in the study. Serum TAC and TOS were measured both in patients and controls using Erel's methods. Patients were treated with antidepressant drugs for 12 weeks. The treatment course was evaluated using the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in all patients.
Results: TOS and oxidative stress index (OSI) were higher ( P = 0.0001 for both) and TAC was lower ( P = 0.0001) in the MDD group compared with those of the controls. After 3 months of antidepressant treatment, TOS and OSI were decreased and TAC was increased compared with the pretreatment values ( P = 0.0001, for all). Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between the severity of the disease and serum TOS and OSI (r = 0.584, P = 0.0001; r = 0.636, P = 0.0001, respectively). A negative correlation was found between the severity of the disease and serum TAC (r = −0.553, P = 0.0001) at the pre-treatment stage.
Conclusion: Treatment administered for 3 months to MDD patients increases TAC while decreasing TOS and OSI. 相似文献
Methods: Fifty-seven MDD patients and 40 healthy controls participated in the study. Serum TAC and TOS were measured both in patients and controls using Erel's methods. Patients were treated with antidepressant drugs for 12 weeks. The treatment course was evaluated using the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in all patients.
Results: TOS and oxidative stress index (OSI) were higher ( P = 0.0001 for both) and TAC was lower ( P = 0.0001) in the MDD group compared with those of the controls. After 3 months of antidepressant treatment, TOS and OSI were decreased and TAC was increased compared with the pretreatment values ( P = 0.0001, for all). Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between the severity of the disease and serum TOS and OSI (r = 0.584, P = 0.0001; r = 0.636, P = 0.0001, respectively). A negative correlation was found between the severity of the disease and serum TAC (r = −0.553, P = 0.0001) at the pre-treatment stage.
Conclusion: Treatment administered for 3 months to MDD patients increases TAC while decreasing TOS and OSI. 相似文献
77.
Pierluigi Fietta md Pieranna Fietta md Giovanni Delsante md 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》2009,63(5):613-622
Natural glucocorticoids (NGC) physiologically modulate body homeostasis and coordinate adaptive responses to stress, involving almost all organs and tissues, including brain. Since their therapeutic availability, synthetic GC (SGC) have been successfully prescribed for a variety of diseases. Mounting evidence, however, demonstrated pleiotropic adverse effects (AE), including central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, which are often misdiagnosed or underestimated. The aim of the present study was therefore to review and discuss the CNS effects of both NGC and SGC. A detailed search was carried out of the available literature using the PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) database. Cortisolemia plays a crucial role in control of behavior, cognition, mood, and early life programming of stress reactivity. Hypercortisolemia or SGC treatments may induce behavioral, psychic and cognitive disturbances, due to functional and, over time, structural alterations in specific brain target areas. These AE are generally dose and time dependent (infrequent at prednisone-equivalent doses <20 mg/day) and usually reversible. Pediatric patients are particularly susceptible. Behavioral changes, including feeding and sleeping modifications, are common. Psychic AE are unpredictable and heterogeneous, usually mild/moderate, severe in 5–10% of cases. Manic symptoms have been mostly associated with short SGC courses, and depressive disorder with long-term treatments. Suicidality has been reported. Cognitive AE peculiarly affect declarative memory performance. Physiologic levels of NGC are essential for efficient brain functions. Otherwise, hypercortisolemia and SGC treatments may cause dose-/time-dependent neuropsychic AE and, over time, structural alterations in brain target areas. Clinicians should carefully monitor patients, especially children and/or when administering high doses SGC. 相似文献
78.
Yosuke Matsumoto
md phd Toshiki Sato
md phd Masaru Ohnishi
md phd Yuki Kishimoto
md Seishi Terada
md phd Shigetoshi Kuroda
md phd 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》2009,63(6):715-720
Aims: Previous research has not addressed gender differences in coping strategies among patients with gender identity disorder (GID). Nor has the relationship of coping strategies to other demographic characteristics ever been clarified in GID. In this study, we tried to clarify the relationship between stress‐coping strategies and demographic characteristics among patients with GID. Methods: The coping strategies of 344 patients with GID [227 female‐to‐male (FTM) and 117 male‐to‐female (MTF)] were assessed using the Japanese version of the Ways of Coping Questionnaires, Lazarus Stress‐coping Inventory. Results: Comparison of the stress‐coping inventory between MTF and FTM GID patients revealed that FTM GID patients were significantly more reliant on positive reappraisal strategies in stressful situations than MTF GID patients (P = 0.007). Conclusions: The difference in the usage of positive reappraisal strategies between MTF and FTM type GID patients was not explained by other demographic characteristics, and we suppose that the gender difference in GID patients might influence the usage of positive reappraisal strategies. The ratio of FTM GID patients might be higher at our center because MTF GID patients can obtain vaginoplasty easily, whereas phalloplasty surgery for FTM GID patients is performed at only a few centers, including our clinic, in Japan. As a result, more FTM GID patients come to our clinic with a clear intention to undergo sexual rearrangement surgery, which might influence the gender difference in using positive reappraisal. 相似文献
79.
Bun Chino md phd Takahiro Nemoto md phd Chiyo Fujii md phd Masafumi Mizuno md phd 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》2009,63(4):521-528
Aim: The present study examined three kinds of subjective assessment scales in the same patient group with schizophrenia to analyze the correlations among scores obtained in relation to the background data.
Method: Thirty-six patients with schizophrenia were examined with the 26-item short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-QOL 26), Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic drug treatment: Short Japanese version (SWNS) and Self-Efficacy for Community Life scale (SECL) for subjective assessment scales, five kinds of neurocognitive tests, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for clinical symptom, Social Functioning Scale (SFS), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale for social functioning.
Result: The scores for delusions (components of positive syndrome), anxiety and depression (components of general psychopathology) on the PANSS significantly correlated with QoL and subjective well-being scores. In contrast, the scores for components of negative syndrome were not correlated with the subjective assessment scores. Furthermore, none of the clinical symptom scores were correlated with the score in self-efficacy scale. The SFS and GAF scores were significantly correlated with the subjective assessment scores. There were significant correlations among the scores on the three subjective assessment scales.
Conclusion: Each scale has different features and should be utilized depending upon the expected effect of treatment or the purpose of assessment. The treatments provided to patients must be directed at improving both psychological and social impairments, in order to enhance the social functioning and QoL of patients. 相似文献
Method: Thirty-six patients with schizophrenia were examined with the 26-item short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-QOL 26), Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic drug treatment: Short Japanese version (SWNS) and Self-Efficacy for Community Life scale (SECL) for subjective assessment scales, five kinds of neurocognitive tests, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for clinical symptom, Social Functioning Scale (SFS), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale for social functioning.
Result: The scores for delusions (components of positive syndrome), anxiety and depression (components of general psychopathology) on the PANSS significantly correlated with QoL and subjective well-being scores. In contrast, the scores for components of negative syndrome were not correlated with the subjective assessment scores. Furthermore, none of the clinical symptom scores were correlated with the score in self-efficacy scale. The SFS and GAF scores were significantly correlated with the subjective assessment scores. There were significant correlations among the scores on the three subjective assessment scales.
Conclusion: Each scale has different features and should be utilized depending upon the expected effect of treatment or the purpose of assessment. The treatments provided to patients must be directed at improving both psychological and social impairments, in order to enhance the social functioning and QoL of patients. 相似文献
80.
Ju-Yu Yen md Mei-Sang Yang rn phd Mei-Hua Wang rn Chien-Yu Lai rn Mao-So Fang rn 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》2009,63(5):678-684
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between physiological menopausal symptoms and depression during the pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal period among female Taiwanese aborigines.
Methods: A total of 672 Taiwanese aboriginal women, aged 40–60 years, were recruited in the interviewing study and classified as pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal according to menstrual bleeding patterns in the previous 12 months. Then, the postmenopausal symptoms, depression, self-perceived health, family support, and associated demographic variables were assessed by questionnaire based on the results of interviewing by research assistants.
Results: The results revealed that perimenopausal statuses are associated with depression and women with a perimenopausal status had a higher prevalence of depression than those with a premenopausal status. A higher score on physiological postmenopausal symptoms was found to be significantly associated with depression. Furthermore, somatic symptoms were associated with depression for pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal statuses. Moreover, sexual dysfunction and vasomotor symptoms were associated with depression only in the premenopausal status and postmenopausal status, respectively.
Conclusion: Depression should be routinely evaluated for female Taiwanese aborigines consulting with physicians for menopause symptoms, especially for somatic symptoms. Furthermore, attention should be provided to premenopausal women with sexual dysfunction and postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms for depression. 相似文献
Methods: A total of 672 Taiwanese aboriginal women, aged 40–60 years, were recruited in the interviewing study and classified as pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal according to menstrual bleeding patterns in the previous 12 months. Then, the postmenopausal symptoms, depression, self-perceived health, family support, and associated demographic variables were assessed by questionnaire based on the results of interviewing by research assistants.
Results: The results revealed that perimenopausal statuses are associated with depression and women with a perimenopausal status had a higher prevalence of depression than those with a premenopausal status. A higher score on physiological postmenopausal symptoms was found to be significantly associated with depression. Furthermore, somatic symptoms were associated with depression for pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal statuses. Moreover, sexual dysfunction and vasomotor symptoms were associated with depression only in the premenopausal status and postmenopausal status, respectively.
Conclusion: Depression should be routinely evaluated for female Taiwanese aborigines consulting with physicians for menopause symptoms, especially for somatic symptoms. Furthermore, attention should be provided to premenopausal women with sexual dysfunction and postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms for depression. 相似文献