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排序方式: 共有899条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Ryan J. Wood-Bradley Sarah L. Henry Sanna Barrand Anais Giot Luke Eipper John F. Bertram Luise A. Cullen-McEwen James A. Armitage 《Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)》2020,303(10):2657-2667
A maternal low protein (LP) diet in rodents often results in low nephron endowment and renal pathophysiology in adult life, with outcomes often differing between male and female offspring. Precisely how a maternal LP diet results in low nephron endowment is unknown. We conducted morphological and molecular studies of branching morphogenesis and nephrogenesis to identify mechanisms and timepoints that might give rise to low nephron endowment. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a normal protein (19.4% protein, NP) or LP (9% protein) diet for 3 weeks prior to mating and throughout gestation. Embryonic day 14.25 (E14.25) kidneys from males and females were either cultured for 2 days after which branching morphogenesis was quantified, or frozen for gene expression analysis. Real-time PCR was used to quantify expression of key nephrogenesis and branching morphogenesis genes at E14.25 and 17.25. At E17.25, nephron number was determined in fixed tissue. There was no effect of either maternal diet or sex on branching morphogenesis. Nephron number at E17.25 was 14% lower in male and female LP offspring than in NP controls. At E14.25 expression levels of genes involved in branching morphogenesis (Gfrα1, Bmp4, Gdnf) and nephrogenesis (Hnf4a, Pax2, Wnt4) were similar in the dietary groups, but significant differences between sexes were identified. At E17.25, expression of Gfrα1, Gdnf, Bmp4, Pax2 and Six2 was lower in LP offspring than NP offspring, in both male and female offspring. These findings provide new insights into how a LP diet leads to low nephron endowment and renal sexual dimorphism. 相似文献
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Luise Roehrich Simon Suendermann MD Isabell Anna Just MD Jan Knierim MD Johanna Mulzer MD Marcus Mueller Jaime-Juergen Eulert-Grehn MD Manfred Hummel MD Christoph Starck MD Evgenij Potapov MD Christoph Knosalla MD Volkmar Falk MD Felix Schoenrath MD 《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》2020,43(10):1078-1085
34.
Motoko Sasaki Koichi Tsuneyama Takahito Saito Hiroaki Kataoka Jan Mollenhauer Annemarie Poustka Yasuni Nakanuma 《Liver international》2004,24(1):29-37
BACKGROUND/AIM: Trefoil factor family (TFF)1,2,3 are involved in a homeostasis/repair process of mucosal epithelia. In this study, the significance of TFF family and deleted in the malignant brain tumor-1 (DMBT1), a putative receptor of TFF2, in the intrahepatic biliary tree was investigated in normal and diseased livers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of TFF1,2,3 and DMBT1 were examined immunohistochemically in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), chronic viral hepatitis (CVH), extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EBO), and normal livers. RESULTS: In normal livers, TFF1,3 and DMBT1 were infrequently detectable in large and rarely in small bile ducts, respectively. TFF2 was not detectable in large bile ducts. In large bile duct diseases (PSC and EBO), expression of TFF3 and DMBT1 were increased. In small bile duct diseases (PBC and CVH), expression of TFF2/DMBT1 was induced in moderately to severely damaged ducts irrespective of etiology. CONCLUSION: The intrahepatic biliary tree shows a site-characteristic expression and induction of TFF1,2,3 and DMBT1. In large bile ducts, TFF1,3 were constitutively expressed and increased in pathologic bile ducts. In small bile ducts, TFF2/DMBT1 is induced in damaged ducts irrespective of etiologies. However, the cytoprotective/repair property of TFF2/DMBT1 may not be enough to prevent the following bile duct loss in PBC. 相似文献
35.
Morphine decreases ticagrelor concentrations but not its antiplatelet effects: a randomized trial in healthy volunteers
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Xu Zhou Jiajie Yu Ling Li Viktoria Luise Gloy Alain Nordmann Maria Tiboni Youping Li Xin Sun 《Obesity surgery》2016,26(11):2590-2601
Background
The long-term effects of bariatric surgery have yet to be established, and a number of important studies have recently emerged. This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of bariatric surgery on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and cancer compared to non-surgical treatment.Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL up to July 13, 2015, and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled studies comparing bariatric surgery versus non-surgical treatment and reporting data on the three defined outcomes at 1 year or longer. We analyzed RCTs and non-randomized controlled studies, respectively.Results
Eleven RCTs, 4 non-randomized controlled trials, and 17 cohort studies were included. The randomized evidence suggested substantial uncertainty regarding the effects on all-cause mortality (0/382 vs. 1/287; 7 studies), cancer (OR 0.77, 95 % CI 0.22 to 2.71; 4 studies), and cardiovascular events (no data). The pooled adjusted estimates from non-randomized studies suggested that, compared to the control, the surgical group had lower risk of all-cause mortality (OR 0.55, 95 % CI 0.46 to 0.65; 10 studies), cancer (OR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.65 to 0.85; 2 studies), and cardiovascular events (MI: OR 0.71, 95 % CI 0.54 to 0.94; stroke: OR 0.66, 95 % CI 0.49 to 0.89; and their composite: OR 0.67, 95 % CI 0.54 to 0.83; 1 study).Conclusions
In conclusion, bariatric surgery could reduce all-cause mortality and probably reduce the risk of any type of cancer. The inference was, however, based on studies with limited methodological rigor. Uncertainty remains regarding the effects on cardiovascular events.38.
Judith S. Nijmeijer Alejandro Arias-Vásquez Nanda N.J. Rommelse Marieke E. Altink Richard J.L. Anney Philip Asherson Tobias Banaschewski Cathelijne J.M. Buschgens Ellen A. Fliers Michael Gill Ruud B. Minderaa Luise Poustka Joseph A. Sergeant Jan K. Buitelaar Barbara Franke Richard P. Ebstein Ana Miranda Fernando Mulas Robert D. Oades Herbert Roeyers Pieter J. Hoekstra 《Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry》2010,49(7):675-685
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Automated database studies have become a cornerstone of drug safety assessment. To assess the reliability of automated data, we compared the hospitalisation and mortality rates among three similar studies of automated healthcare databases in North America. METHODS: Similar protocols were used to identify patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were treated with inhaled bronchodilators or inhaled corticosteroids in the Saskatchewan Health Database (SHD), the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPMCP) of Northern California, and a proprietary automated insurance claims database available from i3 (formerly Ingenix). Automated data were used to compute incidence rates of total hospitalisation, cardiovascular (CV) hospitalisation and hospitalisation due to several specific types of CV outcomes. Record linkage with registries of vital statistics was used to identify deaths, obtain death certificates, and compute rates of total mortality, CV mortality and deaths due to certain CV outcomes. We compared rates in the i3 population with rates in the other two populations using age-adjusted rate ratio estimates and 95% CIs. RESULTS: The i3 cohort had approximately one-half the rates of total mortality, CV mortality and total hospitalisations, but twice the rate of CV hospitalisations, compared with each of the other two database cohorts. DISCUSSION: The unexpectedly higher rates of CV hospitalisations in the i3 population are inconsistent with its lower CV mortality, total mortality and total hospitalisation rates. This discrepancy is not readily explained by a higher prevalence of CV disease or procedures, random variation or confounding. Instead, high CV hospitalisation rates in the i3 population are consistent with a high rate of false-positive diagnoses recorded on insurance billing claims. CONCLUSION: These results underscore the importance of ensuring valid endpoints in automated claims databases. 相似文献