Application of Evidence-Based Treatment in Community Mental Health Settings: Examining EBT Delivery Duration and Client Discharge

The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research - Characterizing community mental health (CMH) treatment duration and discharge is an important step toward understanding how to better meet...     

Promotion of knowledge transfer and retention in year 2 medical students using an online training exercise

Advances in Health Sciences Education - It was recently shown that novice medical students could be trained to demonstrate the speed-to-diagnosis and diagnostic accuracy typical of System-1-type...     

Surveillance of COVID-19–Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children,South Korea

A concerning development during the coronavirus disease pandemic has been multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Reports of this condition in East Asia have been limited. In South Korea, 3 cases were reported to the national surveillance system for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. All case-patients were hospitalized and survived with no major disease sequelae.     

Systemic inflammation response index predicts all-cause mortality in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis

International Urology and Nephrology - A systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) has been recently introduced as a tool for the assessment of the prognosis of several critical medical...     

Longer Term Outcomes Following High Tibial Osteotomy for Osteoarthritis: A Prospective,Multi-Centre Observational Study Comparing Tomofix and OPTY-LINE Devices

PurposeAssessing surgical accuracy and patient-recorded outcome measures for patients fitted with either the OPTY-LINE intramedullary realignment system or the Tomofix plate for medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO).Patients and methodsTwo matched case series of patients with symptomatic medial compartment osteoarthritis without other significant knee pathology. One group comprised of 19 patients receiving the Tomofix plate, whereas another comprised of 12 patients receiving the OPTY-LINE intramedullary nail. Patella-centred long leg alignment radiographs were assessed to calculate surgical accuracy in all cases. Patients completed knee injury osteoarthritis outcome scores (KOOS) and osteotomy surgery patient satisfaction questionnaires pre-operatively and at 24 months post-surgery.ResultsAbsolute surgical accuracy at 2 years post-surgery was a mean 4.2 [standard deviation 3.7] for OPTY-LINE versus 9.2 [SD 7.8] for Tomofix (p = 0.11, Mann–Whitney U test). On average, patients in either the OPTY-LINE or Tomofix cohort reported at least a minimal perceptible clinical improvement—minimum average improvement of 15—for all five KOOS themes. No significant difference in change of KOOS scores over time or patient satisfaction levels were observed between the two cohorts.ConclusionThe OPTY-LINE device for HTO performs to a similar level as the Tomofix device. Surgical accuracy data are promising for OPTY-LINE, but does not seem to readily translate into difference in patient-reported outcomes compared to Tomofix. Even longer follow-up periods, to measure survival rates, and true randomised trials on larger samples can elucidate if there is a benefit for using one device over the other.     

How does yoga reduce stress? A clinical trial testing psychological mechanisms

Yoga interventions can reduce stress, but the mechanisms underlying that stress reduction remain largely unidentified. Understanding how yoga works is essential to optimizing interventions. The present study tested five potential psychosocial mechanisms (increased mindfulness, interoceptive awareness, spiritual well-being, self-compassion and self-control) that have been proposed to explain yoga's impact on stress. Forty-two participants (62% female; 64% White) in a yoga program for stress reduction completed surveys at baseline (T1), mid-intervention (T2) and post-intervention (12 weeks; T3). We measured two aspects of stress, perceived stress and stress reactivity. Changes were assessed with paired t-tests; associations between changes in mechanisms were tested in residual change models. Only stress reactivity decreased, on average, from T1 to T3. Except for self-compassion, all psychosocial mechanisms increased from T1 to T3, with minimal changes from T2 to T3. Except for self-control, increases in each mechanism were strongly associated with decreases in both measures of stress between T1 and T2 and decreases in perceived stress from T1 to T3 (all p's < 0.05). Increased psychosocial resources are associated with stress reduction. Yoga interventions targeting these resources may show stronger stress reduction effects. Future research should test these linkages more rigorously using active comparison groups and larger samples.     

Role of Tris-CaEDTA as an adjuvant with nebulised tobramycin in cystic fibrosis patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections: A randomised controlled trial

BackgroundWe tested if disrupting iron utilisation by P. aeruginosa by adding the Tris-buffered chelating agent CaEDTA to nebulised tobramycin would enhance bacterial clearance and improve lung function in CF patients.MethodsIn this double-blind, randomised controlled trial, 26 episodes (25 patients) with P. aeruginosa infection admitted to two CF centres for treatment of an acute pulmonary exacerbation were randomly assigned to receive either 75 mg CaEDTA in Tris-buffered saline or placebo (Tris-buffered saline) nebulised in combination with 250 mg tobramycin twice daily for six weeks followed with four week safety follow-up. Primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, and bacterial density of P. aeruginosa. A secondary endpoint was lung function.ResultsThe study drug was well tolerated with adverse events comparable in both groups. The mean (SD) reduction in sputum P. aeruginosa count (log₁₀ CFU/g) in the CaEDTA vs placebo group was 2·05 (2·57) vs 0·82 (2·71) at two weeks relative to admission (p = 0·39). The mean improvement in ppFEV₁ was 16 vs 5 (p = 0·16); 11 vs 2 (p = 0·28); and 6 vs 2 percentage points (p = 0·47) at two, six, and ten weeks in CaEDTA and placebo groups, respectively.ConclusionsIn this pilot study in CF patients, an increase in the reduction of sputum density of P. aeruginosa and an increase in ppFEV₁ was observed in the group of patients who received Tris-CaEDTA added to inhaled tobramycin compared to the group who received inhaled tobramycin alone, although these differences were not statistically significant. The treatment was also shown to be safe.     

Gender Variance in Children and Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Conditions from Australia

Archives of Sexual Behavior - Gender variance is a broad term used to describe gender non-conforming behaviors. Past studies have used the parental response to Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Item...     

Depression,anxiety, and loneliness among adolescents and young adults with IBD in the UK: the role of disease severity,age of onset,and embarrassment of the condition

Quality of Life Research - Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) report higher depressive symptoms and anxiety compared to healthy controls, with disease severity...