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941.
942.
Yoon-Hee K Cha Mayank A Jog Yoon-Chung Kim Shruthi Chakrapani Stephen M Kraman Danny JJ Wang 《Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism》2013,33(12):1909-1914
To determine how arterial spin labeling (ASL) measured perfusion relates to baseline metabolism, we compared resting state cerebral perfusion using pseudo-continuous ASL and cerebral glucose metabolism using 18F-FDG PET in 20 normal volunteers. Greater regional metabolism relative to perfusion was observed in the putamen, orbitofrontal and temporal lobes, whereas perfusion was relatively higher in the hippocampus and insula. In a region of interest analysis limited to gray matter, the overall mean correlation between perfusion and metabolism across voxels was r=0.43 with considerable regional variability. Cross-voxel correlations between relative perfusion and metabolism in mean ASL and PET images of all 20 subjects were the highest in the striatum (caudate: r=0.78; putamen: r=0.81), and the lowest in medial temporal structures (amygdala: r=0.087; hippocampus: r=−0.26). Correlations between mean relative perfusion and metabolism across 20 subjects were the highest in the striatum (caudate: r=0.76; putamen: r=0.58), temporal lobe (r=0.59), and frontal lobe (r=0.52), but very poor in all other structures (r<0.3), particularly in caudal structures such as the hippocampus (r=−0.0026), amygdala (r=0.18), and insula (r=0.14). Although there was good overall correlation between perfusion and glucose metabolism, regional variability should be considered when using either ASL or 18F-FDG PET as surrogate markers for neural activity. 相似文献
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946.
Catherine Tuvblad Joshua Isen Laura A. Baker Adrian Raine Dora-Isabel Lozano Kristen C. Jacobson 《Behavior genetics》2010,40(4):452-466
The present study examines the genetic and environmental etiology of the associations among respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA),
heart rate (HR), skin conductance level (SCL), and non-specific skin conductance responses (NS-SCR)—measures that purportedly
index the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. The sample was drawn from a cohort of
1,219 preadolescent twins (aged 9–10). Multivariate analyses of the data were conducted using structural equation modeling.
Almost all genetic and environmental influences on the measures acted through two latent factors. The first latent factor
was largely responsible for the variance in heart rate, SCL and NS-SCR, reflecting sympathetic activity, and its proportions
of variance due to genetic and shared environmental influences were 27 and 28% in males, and 31 and 41% in females, respectively.
The second latent factor accounted for the variance in RSA and heart rate, reflecting parasympathetic activity; genetic and
shared environmental factors explained 27 and 23% of the variance in males, respectively, and 35 and 18% of the variance in
females. Measurement-specific genetic effects accounted for 14–27% of the total variance in RSA and SCL, and measurement-specific
shared environmental effects accounted for 10–12% in SCL. In general, the validity of separate sympathetic and parasympathetic
constructs was supported. 相似文献
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948.
Lozano GA 《Medical hypotheses》2008,71(6):933-940
Anorexia nervosa is diagnosed by drastic weight loss, a fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, and, in women, three consecutive episodes of amenorrhea. It is often associated with a compulsive need for exercise, a bright outlook on life, and a high level of competitiveness. It afflicts primarily young women in higher socioeconomic strata who are highly competitive and otherwise overachievers. There are three adaptive explanations for anorexia nervosa: the reproductive suppression, the fleeing famine and the pseudo-female hypotheses. Here I present a novel hypothesis, the age-related obesity hypothesis. It posits that the otherwise normal tendency by women to seek a youthful appearance can become maladaptive and lead to anorexia nervosa in environments in which thinness becomes the primary indicator of youth, such as in modern industrialized societies. This hypothesis explains the aforementioned associated features of anorexia nervosa, and its increasing prevalence in western societies. The hypothesis generates several testable predictions: (1) Prevalence of anorexia nervosa across societies should be related to the degree to which thinness is an indicator of youth in a population. (2) Conversely, perceptions of the weight-age relationship should differ among populations depending on the prevalence of anorexia nervosa. (3) Anorectic individuals, or those with the propensity to develop the disease, should have a biased perception of the weight-age relationship. (4) Experimental manipulation of individuals' perception of the weight-age relationship should affect weight concerns, particularly among anorectic or at-risk individuals. Should the hypothesis be supported it might be used to screen at-risk individuals. Furthermore, it would call for more integrative public health programs that take a comprehensive approach encompassing both obesity and anorexia. 相似文献
949.
Monneaux F Lozano JM Patarroyo ME Briand JP Muller S 《European journal of immunology》2003,33(2):287-296
Modifications of self antigens that occur during apoptosis might be involved in the generation of neo-antigens, which can break tolerance and induce autoimmunity. We have previously identified an epitope at residues 131-151 of the U1-70K snRNP protein, recognized by IgG antibodies and CD4+ T cells from at least two strains of lupus mice. With the aim of investigating the possible role of phosphorylation on the antigenicity of peptide 131-151 and to gain a better understanding of how this peptide can drive autoimmune response, we synthesized two peptides phosphorylated on Ser137 and 140, respectively. We show here that peptide P140 phosphorylated on Ser140 is recognized by both CD4+ T cells and antibodies from MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, intravenous administration to lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice of P140 in saline (but not of the non-phosphorylated peptide) decreased proteinuria and anti-DNA antibody production, and significantly prolonged survival of treated mice. We further demonstrated that P140 is recognized by antibodies from lupus patients and binds to various HLA DR molecules, offering new hope for manipulating T cell response in humans. 相似文献
950.