Sun‐exposure knowledge and protection behavior in a North Chinese population: a questionnaire‐based study

Background: Sun exposure can cause a range of skin disorders. Skin damage can be prevented by following certain sun‐protection measures. However, the majority of reported studies regarding sun‐exposure knowledge and behavior have involved Caucasian populations. Methods: A self‐administered multiple‐choice questionnaire was administered. The questionnaire consisted of 13 questions aimed at evaluating people's knowledge, awareness, and protection behavior regarding sun exposure, and their knowledge of sunscreens and sunscreen use. Results: A total of 623 volunteers were enrolled, including 238 men (38.2%) and 385 women (61.8%). The percentages of correct answers regarding sun‐exposure knowledge and awareness ranged from 50% to 80%. Overall, 58.8% used sunscreen as a sun‐protection measure in daily life, followed by use of protective clothes (49.3%), sun umbrella (45.4%), sunglasses (45.3%), and hat (42.2%). Fifty‐two percent thought that suntan was harmful or not attractive. The mean sun‐protection factor (SPF) of the sunscreens used was 27.7 ± 9.2 and the mean UVA protection grade (PA) was 2.3 ± 0.6. Conclusions: Knowledge and awareness concerning the harmful effects of sun exposure are widespread among the Chinese population. Sunscreens with high SPF and PA are the most commonly used among Chinese people. Clear sex differences were observed. There is a significant difference in the attitude toward suntan between Chinese and Caucasian populations.     

医用几丁糖凝胶预防输卵管复通后的粘连

背景：近年来随着微创技术的普及，输卵管介入复通治疗输卵管阻塞已较普遍，但患者术后粘连仍是困扰临床医生的一大难题。 目的：总结近年来医用几丁糖凝胶预防输卵管再通术后粘连的应用现状。 方法：由第一作者检索1998-02/2011-02万方数据库，以“医用几丁糖凝胶；腹腔镜；治疗；输卵管妊娠”等为检索词，检索几丁糖在输卵管介入再通术中预防术后粘连方面的文献。排除重复研究或较陈旧文献。共保留相关文献30篇进行分析。 结果与结论：医用几丁糖是一种具有良好生物相容性、生物可降解性、生物学活性的医用高分子多糖类物质。其具有广谱抑菌作用，选择性促进上皮细胞、内皮细胞生长而抑制成纤维细胞生长的生物学特性，从而促进组织生理性修复，促进切口迅速修复，抑制瘢痕形成，减少组织粘连，具有润滑、生物屏障作用，能有效的阻止粘连发生，促进输卵管功能的恢复，为再次妊娠打下基础。     

支气管腔内放疗治疗肺癌的疗效

目的：探讨支气管腔内后装近距离腔内放疗的方法、剂量和疗效。方法：用导丝导入法行支气管腔内放疗，可达亚段支气管。参考点20mm，单次剂量6-7GY，5-7日/间隔，2-4次/人。治疗中央型肺癌（均侵犯支气管）76例212人次。结果：病灶消失22例，缩小39例，稳定12例，进展3例，总有效率85.5％。起效时间均短于3周。结论：支气管腔内后装放疗是治疗腔内肿瘤及缓解伴随症状的有效方法。疗效及起效优于外照射和化疗。对复治患者仍然有效。     

静息态fMRI观察短期正念减压训练对大脑功能网络小世界属性的影响

目的 采用基于图论的复杂网络分析观察短期正念减压训练对大脑功能网络小世界属性的影响。方法 采用自身前后对照设计,纳入16名健康志愿者,对其进行8周正念减压训练,采集训练前后静息态fMRI数据,并对其进行正念五因素量表与积极情绪和消极情绪量表评定。计算复杂网络小世界属性参数,并比较正念减压训练前后的差异。结果 8周正念减压训练后,稀疏度阈值为1%~16%时,受试者全脑局部效率（E_loc）、标准化聚类系数（γ）、小世界值（σ）均下降（P均<0.05）。稀疏度阈值为20%时,双侧扣带回中部、双侧杏仁体、右侧壳核、左侧丘脑的节点全局效率（E_{i_glob}）升高,左侧背外侧额上回、右侧额上回眶部、双侧缘上回E_{i_glob}降低（P均<0.05）;左侧海马、左侧尾状核、右侧丘脑的节点局部效率（E_{i_loc}）升高,右侧扣带回后部、顶下缘角回E_{i_loc}降低（P均<0.05）。E_{i_glob}与正念能力呈负相关的脑区包括右侧额上回眶部、右侧缘上回,呈正相关的脑区有右侧杏仁体、右侧壳核;双侧杏仁体的E_{i_glob}与消极情绪得分呈正相关,左侧丘脑的E_{i_glob}与积极情绪得分呈正相关,右侧顶下缘角回的E_{i_loc}与观察因子、积极情绪得分呈负相关。结论 短期正念减压训练能引起大脑功能网络小世界属性改变,主要涉及皮质-基底核环路,部分脑区节点效率可反映训练后正念能力及情绪状态。     

中药新药毒性与抗癌效应研究

开发有效、低毒的抗癌中药的有效途径为：①采取药效与毒性相结合的研究方法,比较研究原药材、毒性成分（组分）和去毒药材的抗癌效果,建立科学的存效脱毒（减毒）方法。②建立符合中医理论的“抗癌中药癌症毒理实验动物模型”来评价抗癌中药的毒性。③以中医药理论为基础、以疗效为中心,确定抗癌新药的“效_毒”关系、建立与中医理论相适应的动物模型及多种靶点筛选模型,开展抗癌中药新药的疗效及机制研究。     

Chinese herbal compounds containing scorpion in the treatment of epilepsy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Epilepsy is 1 of the common neurodevelopmental diseases. It can affect about 0.5% to 1.0% of the population regardless of their race and social class. Despite the development of a wide range of treatments, there remaining about one-third of patients still experience seizures. Chinese herbal compounds containing scorpion (CHCCS) have shown an outstanding curative effect on nerve protection and epilepsy. But there''s no study to assess its clinical efficacy and safety.Methods:Each data of CHCCS in treating epilepsy from related English and Chinese databases will be searched. The primary outcome is the efficacy of the CHCCS on epilepsy. And the secondary outcomes include recurrence rate and side effects. The risk of bias will be assessed, and RevMan5.3 and Stata14.0 will be performed for meta-analysis. Finally, we will assess the level of the resulting evidence.Results:The results of the study will be combined with current evidence and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Conclusions:This study will specifically investigate the effectiveness and safety of CHCCS in treating epilepsy.INPLASY registration number:INPLASY202120056.     

The meta-analysis of the effect of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT diagnosis of prostatic cancer compared with bone scan

Background:⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) is a promising method for prostate cancer (PC) detection. However, the ability of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT to detect malignant bone lesions, and whether this method is superior to the existing bone imaging methods are still lack of systematic analysis.Purpose:To evaluate the value of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan in clinical diagnosis of prostatic cancer from the perspective of evidence-based medicine.Methods:PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Springer Link, Sinomed, CNKI, Wanfang database, and CQVIP database were searched to find the satisfactory studies that needed systematic review of trials and compared the value of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan. All studies published from inception to March 31, 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 reviewers independently evaluated and extracted the literature. Review Manager 5.3 was applied to evaluate the included literature quality. The heterogeneity of the included literature was tested by Meta Disc 1.4, and the effect model was selected according to the heterogeneity test results, and the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), PLR, NLR and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were analyzed. After testing the heterogeneity results of literature by using the 95% confidence interval and the forest map.Results:A total of 4 studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, which included 318 patients, 120 cases with bone metastasis and 198 cases without bone metastasis. The results of summary evaluation for ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan in diagnosis of prostatic cancer as follow respectively: The SEN were 0.97 and 0.86; the SPE were 1.00 and 0.87; the DOR were 1468.33 and 36.23; PLR were 88.45 and 6.67; NLR were 0.05 and 0.19; and the area under curve (AUC) and 95% CI were 0.9973 (1.0000–0.9927) and 0.8838 (0.9584–0.8092).Conclusion:By comparing the diagnostic results of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan imaging diagnosis methods, the ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT has a higher SEN and SPE than bone scan, and it has a higher diagnostic efficiency for prostate cancer bone metastasis, which is worthy of clinical application.     

CHA2DS2-VASc score predicts the slow flow/no-reflow phenomenon in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with multivessel disease undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with multivessel disease (MVD) have a higher incidence of slow-flow/no-reflow (SF-NR) phenomenon during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) than those with single vessel disease. Currently, no effective tools exist to predict the risk of SF-NR in this population. The present study aimed to evaluate whether CHA₂DS₂-VASc score can be used as a simple tool to predict this risk.This study consecutively included STEMI patients hospitalized in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2005 to January 2015. Among these patients, 1032 patients with MVD were finally enrolled. Patients were divided into SF-NR (+) group and SF-NR (–) group according to whether SF-NR occurred during PPCI. SF-NR was defined as the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade ≤2.There were 134 patients (13%) in the SF-NR (+) group. Compared with the SF-NR (–) group, patients in the SF-NR (+) group are elder, with lower left ventricular ejection fraction and higher CHA₂DS₂-VASc score. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 (odds ratio [OR], 2.148; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.389–3.320; P = .001), current smoking (OR, 1.814; 95% CI, 1.19–2.764; P = .006), atrial fibrillation (OR, 2.892; 95% CI, 1.138–7.350; P = .03), complete revascularization (OR, 2.307; 95% CI, 1.202–4.429; P = .01), and total length of stents ≥40 mm (OR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.011–2.172; P = .04) were independent risk factors of SF-NR. The incidence of SF-NR in patients with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 was 1.7 times higher than that in patients with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score <3. Additionally, patients with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 plus ≥2 risk factors have 3 times higher incidence of SF-NR than those with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 plus 0 to 1 risk factor.CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 can be used as a simple and sensitive indicator to predict SF-NR phenomenon and guide the PPCI strategy in STEMI patients with MVD.     

GATA3基因变异导致甲状旁腺功能减退症患者的临床特征和分子机制

目的分析GATA3基因变异导致甲状旁腺功能减退症(hypoparathyroidism, HP)患者的临床特点及分子机制。方法在1975年至2020年间于北京协和医院内分泌科随诊并行靶向基因捕获联合二代测序的198例未成年人(≤18岁)起病的非手术性HP患者中筛查到5例GATA3基因致病/可疑致病性变异, 回顾性收集分析其临床资料, 并对基因检测结果进行生物信息学分析。结果 5例患者HP的起病年龄为0.5(0.1, 1.3)岁, 发病至诊断为HP和甲状旁腺功能减退-耳聋-肾发育不良(hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal dysplasia, HDR)综合征的时间分别为(7.0±5.2)年和(15.0±5.4)年。临床表现为手足搐搦伴癫痫样发作、颅内钙化各5例, 白内障1例, 听力减退4例, 肾脏畸形或缺如2例。治疗前血钙和血甲状旁腺激素(PTH)分别为(1.65±0.31)mmol/L和(4.64±2.63)ng/L。5例患者GATA3基因的杂合变异, 分别引起无义突变、移码突变和剪接位点突变, 经Clin Var数据库预测及美国医学遗传学和基因组学学会(...