雄性大白鼠球海绵体肌和坐骨海绵体肌的运动神经元—HRP法研究

本实验用HRP注射于大白鼠的一侧球海绵体肌和坐骨海绵体肌后,在脊髓腰骶段的不同平面可观察到支配该两肌的运动神经元胞体出现标记并具有一定的局部定位关系。支配球海绵体肌的运动神经元主要位于L_5～S_1的背内侧群,而支配坐骨海绵体肌的运动神经元主要位于背外侧群和腹侧群。本文认为大白鼠腰骶段前角背内侧群和背外侧群同腹外侧群细胞一样,同属于Onuf's核的同源神经细胞。本文还观察了大白鼠腰骶段脊髓前柱细胞的配布。     

乌蛇败毒胶囊对接触性皮炎小鼠血清IL-2、TNF-α的影响

目的探讨乌蛇败毒胶囊治疗湿疹的机理。方法采用变应性接触性皮炎小鼠模型,分为模型组,对照组及大、中、小剂量组和空白组,观察各组治疗前后血清IL-2、TNF-α的变化。结果中药组能明显降低模型小鼠血清中IL-2、TNF-α的含量(P<0.01),降低诱发后鼠耳的肿胀度,减少真皮内单一核及多形核白细胞数目(P<0.01)。结论乌蛇败毒胶囊治疗湿疹的部分机理是抑制小鼠Ⅳ型变态反应、降低血清IL-2,TNF-α含量,减轻炎症损伤。     

胸腹水中唾液酸含量在鉴别良恶性疾病上的价值

本文测定恶性、炎性和肝硬化3组胸腹水中的总唾液酸(TotalSialic Acid TSA)和脂质结合唾液酸(Lipid-bound Sialic Acid LSA)含量,结果表明恶性组和炎性组的 TSA 和 LSA 明显高于肝硬化组,但恶性组和炎性组的 TSA 和 LSA 则无明显差异。恶性、炎性和肝硬化组的 TSA 值分别为499.52±183.98mg/L、508.68±208.79mg/L 和117.71±70.46mg/L;LSA则分别为146.28±103.62mg/L、115.26±72.13mg/L 和58.90±35.46mg/L。以肝硬化组的 TSA+2SD 作为恶性组和肝硬化组的鉴别值,其敏感性为88%,特异性为90.47%,有效性为89.13%。LSA 则无鉴别价值。     

视网膜下液对培养的人视网膜色素上皮细胞、神经胶质细胞及成纤维细胞生长的刺激作用

目的:研究视网膜下液(subrefinal fluid,SRF)对增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferativeVitreoretinopathy，PVR)的多种细胞增殖的影响. 方法；采用直接细胞计数和_³H-TdR掺入率测定DNA合成两种方法观察28例孔源性视网膜脱离患者SRF对培养的人视网膜色索上皮(retinal pigment epithelium，RPE)细胞，视网膜神经胶质(retinal glia，RG)细胞及成纤维细胞(flbroblast，FB)生长刺激作用． 结果：所有标本均具有刺激RPE细胞、RG细胞及FB增殖和DNA合成能力，增殖率范围分别在基线上52.5%～233.3%、36.4%～177.8%、55.4%~277.8%之间．SRF促细胞增殖串在三种细胞间比较无显著差异。 结论：SRF具有促多种细胞增殖的能力，推测SRF中含有促细胞增殖的活性物质。 （中华眼底病杂志，1996，12：233-235）     

Evolution of North American PVYNTN Strain Tu 660 from Local PVYN by Mutation rather than Recombination

A North American (NA) isolate of tobacco veinal necrotic strain of Potato virus Y (PVY^N) (N-Jg) and a NA isolate of potato tuber necrotic strain of Potato virus Y (PVY^NTN) (Tu 660) were tested for their phenotypes by inoculation to potato plants of three potato cultivars. Upon inoculation with Tu 660, tubers of the cultivars Norchip and Ranger Russet developed potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD) but not the tubers of Russet Burbank. N-Jg failed to induce PTNRD in the tested cultivars. The genomic RNAs of both strains were completely sequenced and analysed. High homology (98% and 99% identity on nucleotide and polyprotein, respectively) was found between Tu 660 and N-Jg. When polyproteins were compared with other isolates, high identity was observed between Tu 660 and an European (Eu) PVY^N-605 (98%) and with an Eu-PVY^NTN-H (96%). However, when individual mature proteins were compared, much lower identities (86.5–94%) were found between Tu 660 and PVY^NTN-H compared to 98–99.5% between Tu 660 and PVY^N-605 in the P3, 6K1 and CI regions. Further sequence analysis indicated that the PVY^NTN-H is a hybrid molecule of the genomic RNA recombination of PVY^O and Eu-PVY^N as shown by Glais et al. (Arch Virol 147, 363–378), whereas NA-PVY^NTN Tu 660 is free of recombination points. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed this observation, and suggested that, in light of high homology, the Tu 660 might have evolved from NA-PVY^N by mutations rather than the genome recombinations. The non-recombinant nature of NA-PVY^NTN Tu 660 strongly suggests that the recombinant structure of genome is not a necessary prerequisite for the PTNRD phenotype.     

Distinct expression and localization of serine protease HtrA1 in human endometrium and first-trimester placenta.

Mammalian embryos cannot survive without the placenta. Development of the human placenta requires trophoblast proliferation, differentiation, and invasion as well as highly coordinated modulation of the maternal uterus. HtrA1 is a member of the recently identified mammalian HtrA (high temperature requirement factor A) serine protease family with a high level of expression in the placenta. In this study, we examined whether HtrA1 expression (mRNA and protein) is associated with placental development in the human. HtrA1 is up-regulated in both endometrial glands and decidual cells during endometrial preparation for embryo implantation and during first-trimester pregnancy at placentation. HtrA1 expression was also detected in certain trophoblast subtypes during early pregnancy. The villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast showed the strongest expression while the interstitial extravillous trophoblast showed the lowest or no expression of HtrA1. The distinct distribution of HtrA1 at the maternal-trophoblast interface suggests that HtrA1 may play a role in placental development.     

Tandem chromosome fusions in karyotypic evolution of Muntiacus: evidence from M. feae and M. gongshanensis

The muntjacs (Muntiacus, Cervidae) are famous for their rapid and radical karyotypic diversification via repeated tandem chromosome fusions, constituting a paradigm for the studies of karyotypic evolution. Of the five muntjac species with defined karyotypes, three species (i.e. Muntiacus reevesi, 2n = 46; M. m. vaginalis, 2n = 6/7; and M. crinifrons, 2n = 8/9) have so far been investigated by a combined approach of comparative chromosome banding, chromosome painting and BAC mapping. The results demonstrated that extensive centromere–telomere fusions and a few centric fusions are the chromosomal mechanisms underlying the karyotypic evolution of muntjacs. Here we have applied the same approach to two additional muntjac species with less well-characterized karyotypes, M. feae (2n = 14♂) and M. gongshanensis (2n = 8♀). High-resolution G-banded karyotypes for M. feae and M. gongshanensis are provided. The integrated analysis of hybridization results led to the establishment of a high-resolution comparative map between M. reevesi, M. feae, and M. gongshanensis, proving that all tandem fusions underpinning the karyotypic evolution of these two muntjac species are also centromere–telomere fusions. Furthermore, the results have improved our understanding of the karyotypic relationships of extant muntjac species and provided compelling cytogenetic evidence that supports the view that M. crinifrons, M. feae, and M. gongshanensis should each be treated as a distinct species.     

Apoptosis, proliferation and gene expression patterns in mouse developing tongue

The Fgf/Fgfr (Fgf receptor) and Bmp signal pathways are critical for embryonic development and postnatal growth. In order to address their roles in tongue development, preliminary study of expression patterns of some important members in the two families, as well as of apoptosis and proliferation, were carried out in mouse developing tongue. Apoptosis in tongue is a very late event in embryogenesis, restricted to the upper layer of the epithelium whereas proliferation is very vigorous at the early stage of tongue development and remains active throughout embryogenesis. Bmp2, −4 and -5 were localized within the mesenchyme at the early embryonic stage of tongue development (E12 to E13), whereas Bmp3 and Bmp7 were mainly expressed in the epithelium. Most of these molecules were also seen in the tongue muscles at postnatal stages. Among Fgfr isoforms, Fgfr1c, −2b, and -2c were detected in embryogenesis with peak expression at E11 to E13. Fgfr1c and Fgfr2c were localized within the mesenchyme, while Fgfr2b was mainly expressed in the epithelium. High expression of Fgf7 and Fgf10 was also detected in the mesenchyme at the early embryonic stage of tongue development, corresponding to the Fgfr expression, suggesting that they are among the principal ligands functioning at the early embryonic expanding stage. Fgf2 was seen in the tongue muscles at the late embryonic and postnatal stages. These results suggest that Bmp and Fgf signalling regulates tongue development at multiple stages, possibly related to proliferation and differentiation.     

Inhibitory effects of rat alpha2 macroferoprotein (alphaMFP), an acute phase globulin, on galactosamine hepatitis.

Refractoriness to Gal N toxicity occurs especially in fetal rats, newborn rats, and in rats after partial hepatectomy. An injury however (laparotomy, incision on the back or ip BaSO₄ suspension), prior to Gal N administration, also inhibits Gal N toxicity. In all these circumstances high levels of rat α₂-macrofetoprotein (α_MFP) occur. This protein is an acute phase reactant and is identical to rat α₂-macroglobulin. α_MFP isolated from the serum of injured rats and then administered to normal rats strongly inhibits Gal N toxicity. When time interval between the preceding injury, provoking α_MFP production and Gal N administration shortens, the inhibiting effects are less and α_MFP production remains low.During resistance to Gal N, the primary and secondary biochemical lesions of Gal N persist and the protecting effect of α_MFP must be due to another mechanism, operating in later phases of cell injury. Very probably this is attributable to the stabilizing effect on membranes of hepatocytic organelles and the plasma membranes. As α_MFP is an acute phase reactant the importance of these proteins to the course of hepatitis must be considered.