2019年江苏省疟疾疫情分析

目的　分析2019年江苏省疟疾疫情,为制订防止疟疾输入再传播监测策略和措施提供科学依据。方法　收集2019年江苏省疟疾病例报告信息、流行病学个案调查、疫点调查与处置结案报告等疟疾疫情资料,并采用描述性方法进行分析。结果　2019年江苏省累计报告疟疾病例244例,均为实验室确诊的境外感染输入性病例,其中间日疟4例、恶性疟206例、三日疟12例、卵形疟22例;11例发展为重症病例,1例死亡。全省13个设区市报告病例数居前5位的依次为南京、南通、连云港、泰州、常州,报告的疟疾病例数占全省报告病例总数的59.84%。2019年报告的244例疟疾病例中,2例感染地为大洋洲巴布亚新几内亚、1例为亚洲巴基斯坦,其他241例均为非洲的27个国家或地区,其中输入来源较多的国家为安哥拉、刚果民主共和国、尼日利亚、赤道几内亚和科特迪瓦。244例疟疾病例中,在发病当天和发病后1～3 d就诊分别有77例（31.55%）和146例（59.84%）,首次就诊和就诊后1～3 d确诊分别有149例（61.06%）和77例（31.55%）,从就诊到确诊平均时间为（0.80 ± 1.59）d,较2018年的（1.34 ± 2.59）d显著缩短（U = 2.53,P < 0.05）。结论　江苏省应继续加强输入性疟疾监测和管理,提高输入性疟疾诊断能力和危重疟疾病例救治能力,以巩固消除疟疾成果。     

Effect of glutathione peroxidase mimic ebselen (PZ51) on endothelium and vascular structure of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

BACKGROUND: To investigate whether extrinsic antioxidant seleno-glutathione peroxidase mimic ebselen (PZ51) can protect endothelium and vascular structure of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp) during the chronic process of hypertension. METHODS: Twenty-two 8-week-old SHRsp were randomized into a PZ51 group and a control group, and administered by gavage for 6 weeks. We examined the level of nitric oxide (NO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in plasma. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) was measured by an image-analysis system. The endothelium of the CCA was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The eNOS protein of the major artery was assayed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, PZ51 decreased plasma MDA (7.88+/-1.06 vs 10.88+/-1.73 nmol/l, p<0.001) and increased plasma NO (40.02+/-9.74 vs 22.22+/-10.05 micromol/l, p<0.001), increased eNOS protein expression (8.25+/-2.36 vs 4.46+/-3.14, p=0.026), decreased IMT (69.85+/-5.47 vs 76.60+/-6.53 microm, p<0.05) significantly and alleviated the damage to the endothelium of the CCA. CONCLUSION: Administration of PZ51 for 6 weeks can protect the endothelium and inhibit vascular remodeling, maybe due to its suppression of lipid peroxide formation and increase in eNOS protein expression.     

Amino acid transporters: Emerging roles in drug delivery for tumor-targeting therapy

Amino acid transporters,which play a vital role in transporting amino acids for the biosynthesis of mammalian cells,are highly expressed in types of tumors.Increasing studies have shown the feasibility of amino acid transporters as a component of tumortargeting therapy.In this review,we focus on tumor-related amino acid transporters and their potential use in tumor-targeting therapy.Firstly,the expression characteristics of amino acid transporters in cancer and their relationship with tumor growth are reviewed.Secondly,the recognition requirements are discussed,focusing on the“acidbase”properties,conformational isomerism and structural analogues.Finally,recent developments in amino acid transporter-targeting drug delivery strategies are highlighted,including prodrugs and nanocarriers,with special attention to the latest findings of molecular mechanisms and targeting efficiency of transporter-mediated endocytosis.We aim to offer related clues that might lead to valuable tumor-targeting strategies by the utilization of amino acid transporters.     

肌硬膜桥的研究进展

正1995年, Hack等[1]发现了肌硬膜桥(myodural bridges,MDBs),随着对其相关研究的不断深入,越来越多的学者开始关注和研究肌硬膜桥,本文通过对肌硬膜桥相关文献资料的整理总结和分析,目的在于对肌硬膜桥有更加系统和深入的认识,为今后肌硬膜桥的研究提供参考和思路。     

预防冠状动脉支架植入术术后低分子肝素皮下出血的前瞻性临床研究

目的 低分子肝素皮下注射后注射部位出血率高达34％～42％,十分影响患者就医体验及依从性,本文将探讨一种按压贴预防低分子肝素皮下出血的效果.方法 本研究采用前瞻性自身对照实验设计,研究收集2019年2月-10月某院急诊行冠状动脉支架植入术(Percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)的急性冠脉综合征(Acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者,对于术中发现慢血流或多支血管病变的患者,临床通常在术后会皮下注射3天(Q12h,共6针)低分子肝素,将这6针随机分为对照组和实验组(每组3针),对照组皮下注射后常规不按压,实验组采用自制按压贴在注射后进行物理按压,比较两组的皮下出血发生率及出血面积的差异.结果 本研究纳入171例患者共1026针次低分子肝素皮下注射,实验组和对照组各513针次.实验组不仅皮下出血发生率显著低于对照组(14.42％VS.44.83％,P＜0.01),且实验组皮下出血患者的平均出血面积也显著小于对照组[(56±12)mm2 VS.(719±170)mm2,P＜0.01].亚组分析中发现对照组中高龄患者(≥60岁)的皮下出血率较非高龄患者(＜60岁)高(50.81％VS.44.30％,PP＜0.05),女性患者皮下出血率高于男性(48.81％VS.44.06％,P＜0.05).围术期抗血小板方案对低分子肝素皮下出血发生率无显著影响.结论 按压贴可有效预防ACS患者PCI术后低分子肝素皮下出血的发生率及显著减少出血后的出血面积,有利于改善患者就医体验,且使 用按压贴较传统手工按压可显著降低护理工作量,有一定临床推广价值.     

MHC捕获测序探寻慢性肾功能衰竭的致病基因

目的 研究慢性肾功能衰竭患者人类白细胞抗原(HLA)基因,以获得慢性肾功能衰竭的致病突变.方法 使用新的MHC捕获技术结合新一代高通量测序技术对15例慢性肾功能衰竭患者和15名健康对照的HLA区域基因进行捕获测序.结果 慢性肾功能衰竭的致病与HLA-A* 02∶01∶01、B*15∶01∶01和DRB1* 09∶01∶02关联,且这三个基因相互独立与慢性肾功能衰竭关联.结论 HLA-A*02∶01∶01、B* 15∶01∶01和DRB1* 09∶01∶02与慢性肾功能衰竭相关.采用MHC基因捕获技术结合下一代高通量测序技术研究慢性肾功能衰竭的基因易感性是可行的.     

Upregulation of cell surface estrogen receptor alpha is associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity and promotes autophagy maturation

Recently, accumulating evidence has implicated the dysregulation of autophagy as underlying the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. The human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y was exposed to 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺). The mechanism is that the sustained activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway by MPP⁺ alters autophagy selectively at the maturation step, significant increasing in autophagy formation and delaying in autophagy degradation in SHSY5Y cells. In this study, we provided evidences that estrogen was capable of promoting SHSY5Y cells survival in MPP⁺-treated group. In particular, the up-regulation of mERα, but not mERβ, was associated with a rapid and transient activation of ERK phosphorylation compatible with promoting autophagy maturation. The up-regulation of mERα changed the sustained activation of ERK phosphorylation in MPP⁺-treated group into a temporary activation. Taken together, these findings strongly support that the expression of mERα promotes the maturation of autophagosomes into functional autolysosomes by regulating ERK, determining SHSY5Y cells survival.     

Synergistic effects of snail and quercetin on renal cell carcinoma Caki-2 by altering AKT/mTOR/ERK1/2 signaling pathways

Renal cell carcinoma has become the most common subtype of kidney cancer, and has the highest propensity to manifest as metastatic disease. Because of lack of knowledge in events that correlated with tumor cell migration and invasion, few therapeutic options are available. Therefore, in current study, we explore the anti-tumoral effect of a potential chemopreventive natural product, quercetin, combined with anti-sense oligo gene therapy (inhibiting Snail gene). We found that either one of them had the remarkable effects in suppressing cell proliferation and migration, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a ccRCC cell line, Caki-2 cells. The combination of both means provides even strong suppressive effects toward these ccRCC cells. Our study, for the first time, provides the possibility of using a novel treatment for renal cancer, by combining natural product and gene therapy.