速度向量成像技术评估妊娠高血压综合征胎儿心肌节段功能

目的探讨速度向量成像技术检测妊娠高血压综合征(PIH)胎儿左、右心室心肌节段功能的临床意义。资料与方法采集81例PIH胎儿,包括妊娠高血压组(GH组)24例、轻度子痫前期组(MPE组)25例、重度子痫前期组(SPE组)32例,以及136例正常胎儿(对照组)的心脏四腔观超声心动图,测量左、右心室各节段收缩期峰值运动速度(Vs)、舒张期峰值运动速度(Vd)、峰值应变(S)、收缩期峰值应变率(SRs)和舒张期峰值应变率(SRd)。结果 217例胎儿中成功采集图像192例。PIH各组左、右心室壁Vs和Vd均由基底段至心尖段逐渐减低(P<0.01),S、SRs和SRd在基底段、中间段和心尖段差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GH组左、右心室壁Vs、Vd、S、SRs和SRd与对照组相应节段心肌比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MPE组右心室壁S、SRs和SRd较对照组降低(P<0.05);SPE组左、右心室壁S、SRs和SRd较对照组、GH组和MPE组均降低(P<0.05),右心室壁Vd较对照组及GH组降低(P<0.05)。结论速度向量成像技术可以检测PIH胎儿左、右心室心肌节段功能的变化,PIH对子痫前期胎儿左、右心室功能均有影响,以右心功能损害首先发生。     

Dynamic changes in salivary cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin A response to acute stress

Psychological stress leads to the secretion of cortisol. While this psychoneuroendocrine response helps to maintain physiological as well as psychological homeostasis under stress, exaggerated release of cortisol can suppress aspects of immune function and have negative effects on health. The present study set out to investigate the dynamic changes in salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and cortisol before and after acute stress, and to analyse the relationship between sIgA and cortisol trend. Thirty‐five healthy subjects took part in this study. All subjects underwent an acute stress test (mental arithmetic task). Salivary cortisol and sIgA responses were assessed repeatedly before the stress test, immediately after the stress test and 20 min after the stress test. The levels of salivary cortisol and sIgA both significantly increased after the acute mental arithmetic challenge. However, the increase of sIgA is transient; the sIgA fall was significantly correlated with the cortisol rise during the 20 min after stress (r = 0.569, p < 0.001). These results may help determine the timing of effective intervention in order to reduce the hypersecretion of cortisol and improve mucosal immune function. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

rhGM-CSF基因真核表达载体的构建及其在COS-7细胞和小鼠体内的表达

将ｈＧＭＣＳＦ基因克隆至真核表达质粒ｐＣＤＳ中，构建成重组质粒ｐＣＧ１。用电穿孔法将质粒ｐＣＧ１导入ＣＯＳ７细胞和直接注射小鼠骨骼肌内，ＥＬＩＳＡ检测显示质粒ｐＣＧ１转染ＣＯＳ７细胞后４８、７２、９６ｈ和肌注质粒ｐＣＧ１后ｄ１０、ｄ１５、ｄ２０、ｄ２５小鼠体内均有ｈＧＭＣＳＦ的表达。生物学活性检测显示含肌注ｐＣＧ１的小鼠血液有维持ＴＦ１细胞生长的作用，表明重组质粒ｐＣＧ１表达分泌的ｈＧＭＣＳＦ具有生物学活性     

“Dynamic spot sign” on CT perfusion source images predicts haematoma expansion in acute intracerebral haemorrhage

Objectives

To evaluate the association between dynamic progressive enhancing foci (“dynamic spot sign”) in acute haematoma on CT perfusion source images (CTP-SI) and haematoma expansion.

Methods

One hundred twelve consecutive patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage according to unenhanced CT, CTP and CT angiography within 6 h of symptom onset were prospectively evaluated. Patients were dichotomised according to the presence/absence of the dynamic spot sign on CTP-SI in haematoma. The predictive value of haematoma expansion was analysed.

Results

Haematoma expansion was detected in 28 patients (25.0 %) on follow-up unenhanced CT images. Thirty patients (26.8 %) demonstrated the dynamic spot sign on CTP-SI, about 83.3 % of patients with haematoma expansion (P?<?0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa value for expansion were 89.3 %, 94.0 %, 96.3 %, 83.3 % and 0.814, respectively. In multiple regression, the presence of the CTP dynamic spot sign within acute haematomas independently predicted haematoma expansion; the univariate analysis OR value was 131.667 (29.386–590.289), P?<?0.0001. Moreover, the multivariate analysis CTP dynamic spot sign OR value was 203.996 (32.123–1295.488), P?<?0.0001.

Conclusions

The CTP-SI dynamic spot sign is associated with acute haematoma expansion, is more direct in showing active ongoing bleeding and has a higher predictive value than the CTA spot sign.

Key Points

? It is important to identify potential progression of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. ? Dynamic enhancement within CT perfusion source images is associated with haemorrhage expansion. ? The CTP dynamic spot sign may be present throughout arterial to venous phase imaging. ? The CTP dynamic spot sign carries a higher predive value for haematoma expansion than CTA.     

颅咽管瘤的CT分析

本文回顾性分析了６５例颅咽管瘤的ＣＴ表现。颅咽管瘤可分为囊性（包括单囊性与多囊性）、囊实性和实性肿瘤。本组囊性肿瘤３９例，占６０％，其中多为低密度，少数为等密度或高密度。增强扫描囊内无强化。鞍上池内囊性病变囊壁钙化、边缘强化是本病的特征表现。多囊性也是本病的特征表现。囊实性肿瘤１８例，占２７．７％，表现为部分囊性、部分实性，囊性部分仍具有囊性颅咽管瘤的特征。实性肿瘤８例，占１２．３％，有时实性肿瘤     

pQCT bone strength index may serve as a better predictor than bone mineral density for long bone breaking strength

Bone mineral density (BMD) is commonly used to predict osteoporotic fracture risk without considering the geometry of the bone. However, geometric parameters are also important in determination of bone strength. An index including both material and geometric properties may be therefore more relevant in prediction of fracture risk. We studied the correlation between parameters measured by noninvasive peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and bone bending strength of the diaphysis of 45 fresh goat humeri and 27 femora. Multislice pQCT was used for measuring volumetric diaphyseal cortical BMD, total BMD, diaphyseal and cortical cross-sectional area (CSA), and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) and their derived bone strength indices (BSIs), including BSI_CSMI (cortical BMD × CSMI) and BSI_CSA (cortical BMD × cortical CSA). Conventional dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) was also conducted to measure areal BMD of diaphysis for comparison. Ultimate fracture load was obtained via three-point bending test. Results showed that for femora, fracture load was correlated better with BSI_CSA (r = 0.697, P 0.001) than cortical BMD (r = 0.304, P 0.05) and total BMD (r = 0.387, P 0.05) measured using pQCT and areal BMD (r = 0.612, P 0.001) measured using DXA. For humeri, fracture load was also correlated with BSI_CSA (r = 0.579, P 0.001) but not with other pQCT parameters including cortical BMD and total BMD (r = 0.282 and 0.305, respectively; P 0.05, both). The best correlation was found with areal BMD measured by DXA (r = 0.760, P 0.001). In conclusion, pQCT noninvasive BSI_CSA derived from cortical BMD (material) and its cortical CSA (bone geometry or distribution) may serve as an important noninvasive index for predicting long bone bending strength. The bending strength was also predicted by bone mass (areal BMD) measured by DXA, an integration of bone mineral and geometry. Further clinical studies are needed to validate the predictive value of BSI in long bone osteoporotic fracture.     

先天性马蹄内翻足以胫后肌外移为主的手术治疗长期随访结果

先天性马蹄内翻足是足部常见畸形,病因不明,但有学者认为肌发育不良而引起的肌力不平衡是本病的主要原因[1～4].导致肌力失衡的软组织挛缩包括胫后肌腱、跟腱、足的内在肌、内侧跗跖关节囊、胫前肌,三角韧带及跟舟韧带等,其中胫后肌腱是造成马蹄内翻足的主要因素之一.自1988年12月以来,共手术治疗先天性马蹄内翻足病人41例60足,均采用胫后肌外移为主的矫正手术,取得了良好的效果.     

Neonatal intracranial aneurysms: Case report and review of the literature

Neonatal intracranial aneurysms are rare. The authors report a 1‐month‐old male who presented with focal seizure. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a right frontoparietal intraparenchymal haematoma. A distal right middle cerebral artery aneurysm of 1 cm in diameter was identified intraoperatively and excised. The patient had no neurological deficit at 15 months postoperation. There are only 22 cases of neonatal intracranial aneurysms reported in the literature. Intraparenchymal haematoma is present in 56% of the cases. Distal middle cerebral artery aneurysms account for 35% of the aneurysms. Considering the rareness of neonatal intracranial aneurysms, non‐invasive imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography are the first choice for neonates with intracranial haemorrhage.     

第2代(温控)射频消融子宫内膜切除术

目的探讨第2代（温度控制）射频消融子宫内膜切除术的疗效、安全性和可行性。方法2004年9月-2006年2月由上海市4家医院联合开展一项多中心、前瞻性研究,完成功能性子宫出血温控射频消融子宫内膜切除术81例。在超声监护下,射频治疗以温度控制模式输出功率50 W、温度设定85℃,按照两侧宫角、宫底、宫体、下段部位顺序射频消融子宫内膜。每个治疗点治疗时间为4 min。结果81例术后随访4-17个月。术后6个月随访70例,其中闭经48.6%（34/70）,点滴状月经41.4%（29/70）,少量月经10%（7/70）,总有效率为100%（70/70）。术后12个月随访67例,其中闭经56.7%（38/67）,点滴状月经29.9%（20/67例）,少量月经9.0%（6/67）,正常月经量3.0%（2/67）,月经量过多1.5%（1/67）,总有效率98.5%（66/67）。结论温控射频消融子宫内膜切除术不仅使患者的异常子宫出血在保留子宫的情况下得到有效的治疗,同时具有操作方便、治疗时间短、并发症少、术后恢复快等特点。     

调Q—开关钕：钇—铝石榴子石激光治疗太田痣326例

目的 观察调Q-开关钕：钇-铝石榴子石（Nd:YAG）激光对太田痣的临床治疗效果。方法 根据患者的不同年龄、性别以及太田痣色泽的深浅，选用不同的技术参数对326例患者进行治疗。结果 调Q-开关Nd:YAG激光治疗2～4次后，221例疗效极显著，74例疗效显著，31例略有效果，总有效率达到90.5%。治疗后多数患者创面皮肤出现程度不等的继发性色素沉着反应，通常经3个月左右逐渐自然消退。治疗后全部患者均无瘢痕形成。结论 调Q-开关Nd:YAG激光治疗太田痣疗效令人满意。